介词的功能
表示动作的方向，范围和程度。
punch into the face. 使用into表示力度之大。
“胶水词”，链接不同的名词
An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife concerns the sudden disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene epoch.
去掉修饰成分：Controversy concerns disappearance. 英语的复杂归根结底是修饰成分的复杂。
与be动词连用代替动词
I'm on your side.我支持你。 I'm off alchol for a week.我已经戒酒一周了。
I'm on it.我正在做。 Why are you so into him?你为什么那么喜欢他？
You're off duty.你不当班。
江南四大介词
（一）on
核心意义：在…上，在（某人）身上
埋怨某人 lay/put the blam on someday 给某人压力put the pressure on somebody
搁置某事put the project on ice 寄希望于place someone's hopes on
1.上车/船/台/场
go on the bus get in the car
ride on the horse get on the stage
Could you teach me how to beat stage fright? （stage fright：怯场）
2.集中在…上
focus on concentrate on
栗子
The discussion focused on three main problems.这个讨论围绕三个主要问题。
思考：看中文翻译英文是否会把“围绕”翻译为“surround”。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每次的联系针对不同的语法点。
思考：如果让我来翻译“针对”，我会不会用according to？
3.临近，接近，接壤（后接线状的名词：江河、道路、边界）
be on the river 临近河边（on表示临近）
be on the road 道路两旁 countries on the Pacific（太平洋）环太平洋国家
London stands on the Thames.伦敦坐落在泰晤士河畔。
4.关于，就某一问题
on — 专题性强 about — 范围广
China's War on Trash Is the World's, Too.中国的垃圾战争也是世界面临的问题。 专题性强，使用on。
I heard a lot about her from my friends. 我从我朋友那里知道了很多关于她的事情。这里的知道可以是关于各个方面的，范围广，用about。
5.【其他】做表语表状态
be on alert 警戒 be on business/holidy出差/度假
be on the decrease/increase 下降/上升 be on the move忙碌
be on fire着火 be on pins and needles如坐针毡
be on one's mind在某人心里
Everyone is on high alert.所有人都是高度警戒状态。
听到那个消息，她坐立不安的。Hearing the news, she was on pins and needles.
你想什么呢？What's on your mind?
（二）in
核心意思：在…里，在…中
in the bed（人躺在床上凹陷进去的感觉）, in the tree, in the street, the mirror hung in wall
in somebody“在某人身上”，侧重表示某人的气质、人品
You have it in you to be a musician.你有成为音乐家的潜质。
If you lose your faith in me, please keep your faith in people. 如果你对我失去信任了，不要对别人失去信任。
You get a little fight in you, I like that. 我喜欢你身上的斗志。
（三）at
核心意义：表示一个“点”； 狭小的范围，精准的概念。
look at 看 point at 指 shout at 喊 laugh at 嘲笑
glance at 瞥 throw at 扔 stare at 盯
1.时间点：at six o'clock; at the begining; at the age of;
2.地点：at the door, at the wedding
3.价格速度：at the any cost; at the rate of
他希望不惜一切代价避免另一场血战（屠杀）。《二战启示录》He wants to avoid another blood bus at any cost.
和平发展，反对流血牺牲。BBC We will not let this happen at any cost.
（四）to
核心意义：朝向，到达
go to school turn to the right
1.达到某种数字、金额
to one hundred
2.达到某种程度
to some extent 达到某种程度 move sb. to tears 把某人感动哭
drink to death 喝酒喝到死 tear to pieces撕到粉碎
We never discovered exactly what happened, but Heathcliff said he had drunk himself to death.我们一直没弄清楚到底是怎么回事尽管Heathclif说他是喝酒醉死的。 《呼啸山庄》
I was terrified Sherlock I was scared to death! 我吓坏了，夏洛克，快吓死了。
3.对…，向…
do harm to Happy birthday to you! talk to
Indulging in sweeping the phone all day may do infinite harm to people. （sweeping the phone：刷手机）整天刷手机可能会对人造成非常大的伤害。
在昏暗的光线下看书对眼睛不好。Reading in dim light does harm to the eyes.
And occasionally useful to us. 偶尔还对我们有点用。
4.反应，合拍子；对…做出响应
response to sing to my guitar 随着吉他唱歌 dance to the music 跟着音乐跳舞
跟，随，在汉译英的过程中我们可能会想到是“follow”，所以要注意脱壳。
你这话让我怎么往下接？接 → 反应
What should I say to that?
What the hell am I supposed to say to that?
prep
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