建设非谓语的指导思想
总纲：一句话中只有一个动词做谓语，其他动词都是非谓语。
非谓语的三驾马车
1. 不定式：
表示动作的方向和趋势
2. 分词：
现在分词：主动进行，正在发生
过去分词：被动进行，已经完成
不定式
核心意义：除了谓语外，其他任何位置都能胜任的狠角色。
栗子
I can't bear to look back. （作宾语）
The key point is to make sure what you want. （作表语）
He asked me to answer the phone. （作补语）
He is the best man to do this job. （作定语）
It's too late to apologize. （作状语，表结果）
To talk to her is to talk to a wall. （作主语）
1.作主语：（It…to do）
It is + 形容词+to do
破镜难圆。It's hard to restore a broken mirror.
你不可能让所有人都满意。It's impossible to please everyone.
一个巴掌拍不响。It takes two to tango.
不定式的逻辑主语
①for + 名词或代词 + to do
你有必要亲自去一趟。It's necessary for you to go there in person.（in person：亲自）
②of + someone + to do
of前的形容词多用来说明人的性格或行为表现
brave, careful, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, generous, kind, modest, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, considerate
你想的真周到，还送花来。It was so thoughtful of you send me the flowers.
2.作宾语
①动词+ to do
我希望见见你。I want to see you.
He promised not to tell anyone about it. 他答应保守秘密。
②动词+疑问词+ to do
告诉我们怎么做。Tell us how to do it.
跟我说一下什么时候走。Tell me when to leave/go.
我不知道选哪个。I don't know which to choose.
我不知道该怎么和你说… I didn't know how to tell you…
③动词+ it +宾补+ to do
I think it hard to answer this question. 我觉得回答这个问题很难。
我觉得当市场经理很有挑战性。He fells it challenging to be a marketing manager.
3.作补语
某些动词后，不定式要省去to
感觉动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe
使役动词：let, make, have
栗子
Let us go. （省去了to，因为使役动词“let”表示“让…”，本身已经含有方向的意思。）
我看见你把钥匙放兜里了。I saw you put the key in your pocket.
这条裙子我穿着显胖。This just makes me look fat.
4.特殊句型Why （not） + to
既然能在电视上看，为什么还要花钱去看那个电影？Why pay to watch that movie, since you can see it on telly?
咱们歇一歇如何？Why not take a break?
分词
1.作状语：（与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生）
他们有说有笑的走进了教室。Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom.
当使用电脑的时候，你需要先输密码。You have to enter the password when using the computer.
再给我5分钟，我就能完成它。Given five more minute, I can get it done.
Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.和你一比，我还差得远。
2.作定语：（最常见的定语结构，也是很多长难句的核心难点所在）
栗子
那个熟睡中的婴儿好可爱。The sleeping baby is so cute.
He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.他是一个近年才发迹的商人。
奔涌吧，后浪！我们在同一条奔涌的河流。Please surge, raising waves! we are all in the same surging river.
看到老板走过，他压低了嗓音。Seeing the manager passing by, he lowered his voice.
the changing world变化的世界 the changed world 改变了的世界
区分VN与现在分词
动名词表示名词的功能和用途 running track 用来跑步的道路 → 跑道
现在分词表示动作的状态 a running man 一个正在跑步的男人
非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动结构
1.to be done 将来的动作
你去参加她下个星期举行的婚礼吗？Are you going to attend her wedding to be held next week?
机不可失，失不再来。It's an opportunities not to be missed.
这景象永远也忘不了。It's a sight never to be forgotten.
这些是即将从法国进口的机器。These are the machines to be imported from france.
2.being done 正在进行的
现在讨论着的这个问题很重要。The question being discussed is very important.
正在上映的《星际穿越》很好看。The Interstellar being shown is very exciting!
正在被修善的那座塔建于唐代。The tower being repaired was put up in the Tang Dynasty.
她看着那个正在被人欺负的男孩。She looked at the boy being bullied by the other kids.
3.done 已经完成的
她上周举办的婚礼，你去参加了吗？Did you attend her wedding held last week？
马云在当时是一个广受学生尊重的学生。Ma Yun （Jack Ma）was then a teacher respected by all his students.
分词形容词
1. 如何分辨现在分词还是过去分词？
看外部关系：分词与所修饰名词之间的关系。
freedom-loving people people love freedom 热爱自由的人 →主动
time-consuming job job consume time 耗时的工作 →主动
long-lasting effects effects last long 深远的影响 →主动
人造卫星 man-made satellite 食人兽 People/man-eating monster.
a long-awaited movie期待已久的电影 创记录的飞行 a record-breaking flight
家里做的饭菜 home-made food
2. 其他
1.形容词 +名词 + ed
快节奏的生活 fast-paced life 坏脾气的人 bad-tempered
热心肠的 warm-hearted 冷血的 cold blooded
小心眼的 narrow-minded 蓝眼睛的 blue-eyed
近视的 short-sighted 中年的 middle-aged
Refined， cold-blooded murder. 精心策划，冷血无情的谋杀。
2.数词 + 名词 + ed
one-eyed animal 独眼兽 two-faced person 双面人（两面三刀）
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