情态动词核心思维
推测 — “可能性”（应该、必须、可能）
本色 — 虽然可以表示“推测”，但还保留了原来单词的意思。
虚拟
本能做但没做（could/should/might/would/ought to have done）
本不该做却做了（shouldn't/needn't/ought not to）
推测
1. 对现在推测+do
must（自信心最强，非常笃定） can't（mustn't：禁止，表示很暴力的否定）
should should not
could could not
may/might may/might not
2. 对将来推测+do
will will not
should shouldn't
could could not
may/might may/might not
3. 对过去推测+have done
must can't have
should shouldn't have
could could not have
may/might may/might not have
4. 此时此刻+be doing
must can't be doing
should shouldn't be doing
could couldn't be doing
may/might may/might not be doing
虚拟
1. might have done：表示过去应该做，而没做的事。
他本可以试试这种药的。（But he did not. 遗憾）He might have tried this medicine.
我险些弄出麻烦来。（But I did not. 庆幸）（脱壳：我险些掉进麻烦里）I might have got into trouble.
2. could have done：表示过去能做，而没做的事，有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜，或委婉的批评（一般惋惜多一点）。
I could have done better.
You could have been more careful.
I could have done it. Father!我原本可以做到的，父亲！
3. should have done：表示应该做而没有做；表示意外、不满或批评
We should have done as your side. （听你的好了：有一种忏悔，不甘心、追悔的意思）我本来应该按照你说的做。
我早该想到会在这里见到你，麦教授。（表示意外，我应该知道，我早该想到）I should've known that you would be here, Professor McGonagall.
我该快点杀死他。（狠话，厌烦至极）I should have killed him quicker.
4. shouldn't have done：表示本不应该做，却做了
I shouldn't have told you that. （字面意思：我本来不应该告诉你这个，但告诉了。）我又说漏了嘴。
本色
1. will — would
will
（1）对将来的一种推测（自信心最强）
We will win the last war. （强烈的相信会赢最后一场战争）我们会赢得最后一场战争。
This play will be popular in China. （play：戏剧。）这个剧在中国一定会火起来。
（2）意愿（本色含义）
A: Someone's knocking at the door. B: That'll be Frank.（will表示推测，而且很肯定：不用想，一定是Frank）
I'll open it.（will表示意愿，主观上乐意去开门）
I won't resort to lying. 我不会说谎。（表示意愿）
would
（1）对未来不太确定的推测
Tomorrow would be fine.
（2）委婉的意愿、请求、希望—“会”
Would you mind if I ask you a question?
Would you marry me? VS Will you marry me?求婚不能用would, 要用will，因为求婚问的是意愿，如果是请求的话，表示对方可能有些不太情愿，帮忙的时候用would。
（3）表示过去的某种习惯
When I was young, I'd listen to the radio, waiting for my favorite song.—摘自歌曲Yesterday Once More《昨日重现》（I'd →I would ：过去常做的事情；为什么是waiting而不是waited：现在分词作状语，因为是主动，所以是waiting。）
我小的时候我妈妈经常在晚上给我讲故事。（不用often) When I was a kid/child, my mom would tell me story at night.
2. may — might
may
（1）表许可（本色含义）
You may kiss the bride.
我能进来吗？（能：允许，准许的概念，而不是能力。）May I come in?
你不能在这抽烟。（能：许可）You may not smoke here.
你只能选一个。（能：许可）You may only choose one.
（2）推测—可能，或许
现在大概十点。It may be 10 o'clock.
他可能昨天走的。（may leave ：leave时态错误；may left：形式错误，情态动词后+动词原形）He may have left yesterday.
你肯定在别处被下药了，也许在实验室里。（dose n.剂量； v. 下药。对过去推测用have done。）You must have been dosed with it elsewhere. In the lab, maybe?
might
与may同义，语气更委婉。
3. can —could
can
核心思维：潜在的可能性，有某种知识和技能而能办到。
（1）能力（有做…的潜力，具备做某事的条件，强调能力而不强调具体动作）
中国移动 — 我能。I can.
I can speak Italian.
Can you get it done?（can：具备做的能力，而不是一定要做某事。）
（2）可能 — 理论上的可能、偶然的可能（与说话现状无关，“有时可能会”）
I think everything that happens can be a lesson.我认为发生的所有事情都是一堂课。
那的冬天可能会很冷。（理论上的推断）Winter there can be cold.
人有时像野兽一样残忍。Man can be cruel as wild beasts.
could
（1）过去的能力（注意区分be able to）
be able to侧重具体动作，暗含成功的可能
我年轻的时候能喝14瓶啤酒。I could drink 14 bottles of beer when I was young.
他四岁就能写诗了。He could write poetry when he was four。
（2）表示不确定的可能
看看这乌云密布的，说不定随时下雨。Look at those dark clouds, it could start raining at any minute.
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