文/沐沐
建议考前两周背诵
1. 四级作文三段论
(一)、现象描述型
第一段:描述现象,引出话题
第二段:阐述正反观点
第三段:观点结论
(二)、问题解决型
第一段:问题描述
第二段:解决问题的原因
第三段:解决问题的措施
(三)、对比观点型
第一段:正方观点+理由
第二段:反方观点+理由
第三段:观点结论
(四)、应用文
第一段:写信目的
第二段:写信内容
第三段:结束语
(五)、引语类
第一段:引语含义
第二段:观点阐述
第三段:观点结论
(六)、漫画/图表作文
第一段:描述漫画/图表内容
第二段:分析原因/观点阐释
第三段:展望未来/解决问题
(七)、记叙文
第一段:描述概况
第二段:描述事件经过细节
第三段:得出结论
2. 八种万能功能段
(一)、现象/问题描述功能段
- In recent years, …is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.
中文:近年来,…越来越流行。(现象描述功能句)
- …. has attracted extensive attention of the society, which can be found in TV programs, newspapers, university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.
中文:当今,…得到了大家的广泛关注,并可以在…被发现.(现象描述功能句)
- Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problem is …
中文:随着社会的发展,越来越多的问题已经得到关注,其中最严重的是…(问题描述功能句)
- It is generally agreed that the …has been playing an increasingly important role in our life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has triggered some enormous problems as well.One of the serious troubles facing us at present is…(问题描述功能句)
中文:人们一致认为,…已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。目前,我们面临的严重问题之一是…。
(二)、原因分析功能段
- 总原因的阐述(三选一)
(1) A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
(2) A number of factors might contribute to/account for the phenomenon/problem.
(3) The answer to this problem involves many factors.
中文:许多原因导致这个问题、现象。
- 分析原因功能句(由具体原因数量决定)
(1) One of the most common factor is …
(2) Another contributing cause is…
(3) Perhaps the primary reason is …
(4) But the fundamental element is …
中文:第一个原因是..; 第二个原因是…; 第三个原因是…;最后一个原因是…
(三)、观点阐述功能段
- 观点主旨句(三个功能句选择之一)
(1) People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards ...
(2) People have different opinions on this problem.
(3) People take different views on the question.
中文:不同的人有不同的观点。
- 观点1
According to a survey, some people are in favor of the idea of doing …. They point out the fact that (+支持…的第一个原因) they also argue that… (+支持…的另一个原因)
中文:根据调查,一些人支持…,他们认为…,他们还认为…
- 两个观点之间的衔接句
(1) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
中文:上述阐述有很多正确性,但是他们忽略了一个重要的事实。
(2) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
中文:最近的调查会显示出这个观点有多么的荒谬。
- 观点2
(1) Other people who stand on a different ground consider that… . They firmly point out that… (+反对x的第一个理由。)
(2) An example can give the details of this argument:例子
中文:然而,其他的人有相反的观点,他们认为…
(四)、观点结论功能段
- From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…
中文:综上所述,我们可以得出下面的结论。
- It is difficult to say whether… is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…. However, from a personal point of view.
中文:我们很难说…是好还是坏,因为它取决于…。然而,在我看来。
(五)、解决问题功能段
- 措施主题句(三个句子选择之一进行背诵)
(1) In view of the seriousness of the problem of… , effective measures should be taken.
中文:面对这个问题的严重性,我们一定要采取措施解决。
(2) Confronted with… ,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
中文:面对…问题,我们需要采取一系列的措施加以解决。
(3) We should solve the problems that we are confronted with.
中文:我们应该采取措施来解决我们正在面临的问题。
- 分措施
First and foremost, government should establish some regulations to… What’s more, people should get ready to… After all, it is necessary to advocate the whole society to…
中文:首先,政府需要建立规则…,老百姓需要做…,整个社会需要做…
- 解决问题总结句(三个句子选择一个背诵即可)
(1)In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
中文:总之,如果我们继续忽略上述问题,会有更多问题出现。
(2)With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
中文:在大家的共同努力之前,问题一定会被解决。
(3)All in all, we must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by it, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.
中文:总之,我们一定要警惕它给我们带来更多的问题,因为这个负面影响积聚到一定的程度,它一定会威胁我们社会的发展。
(六)、未来展望功能段
- ….is crucial for every individual. With its seemingly magic power, it can not only…, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to …
中文:…对每个人来说都是重要的,有了它的神奇力量,它不仅…还可以…
- It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization and indirectly spurs continuous development of the individuals. And eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.
中文:它可以直接促进… 还可以带来…
(七)、漫画/图表描述功能段
- According to the figure/ number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that…
- As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, …
中文:如图所示…
(八)、引语解释功能段
- There is an old saying____. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
中文:古话说:“…”,但是现今仍然是准确的。
3. 语言丰富
(一)长句短句错落有致
1. 短句
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主语+谓语
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主语+谓语+宾语
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主语+谓语+表语
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主语+谓语+双宾
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主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
2. 长句
(一)、定语从句
- 单词(名词/代词)、短语、分句、句子都可以作为先行词
补充1:只能用that,不能用which:
-
先行词all,few,little,nothing,everthing,anything等不定代词时
-
先行词被only,no,any,all等词修饰时
-
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词
-
先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词
-
先行词既包括人又包括物
补充2:只能用which,不能用that:
-
在非限制性定语从句中
-
定语从句由介词+关系代词引导
(二)、状语从句
记忆方法:
时间,地点是一对儿
原因,结果为一家
条件,目的有虚拟
我比较喜欢让步的方式
1. 时间状语从句:
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When I arrived home,I had a little rest.
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He sang as he danced.
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I had **hardly /scarely got home when it began to rain.
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I had no sonner got home than it begain to rain.
2. 条件状语从句:真实条件句和虚拟条件句
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You will fail unless you study hard.
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You will not fail if(on condition that/provided that) you study hard.
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You may go there,as long as you keep quite.
注意:
lest,in case,for fear that 所引导的状语从句中,动词可以用虚拟语气,形式为should +动词原形
3. 让步状语从句
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/db55ca149e91ed7b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/d9680961aeee964e.jpg)
4. 原因状语从句
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/6998cd3e8e4f1aaa.jpg)
5. 目的状语从句
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/36ab4186eb178b73.jpg)
6. 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that,so...that,such...that等
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He is so young that he can not go to school.
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He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.
7. 比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有:as...as,than,not so ...as,the more...the more
He speaks English as fluently as his brother(does).
I can't jump as high as he(does).
补充常用句型:
-
so+adj/adv+that 从句
-
so +adj+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
-
such+a/an+adj +单数可数名词
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such+adj+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
8. 地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有:where,wherever,以及where构成的复合词等。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/f74d4cea10f8b483.jpg)
9. 方式状语从句
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Just do as you are told.
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The workers went on working as if nothing had happened
(三)、名词性从句
-
主语从句
-
宾语从句
-
表语从句
-
同位语从句
补充:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/754ebf6ec2f6d243.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/258126b269ae499e.jpg)
(二)、主动被动适当穿插
1. 被动语态构成:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/b6a10138b9523c79.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/22105bf8d3f3cd75.jpg)
2. 被动语态用法:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/d2ec93b13bd0bfd9.jpg)
3. 主动语态变为被动语态方法:
第一步,把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
第二步,把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
第三步,把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格变为宾格
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+be+done”
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/e5f66fe1df245ddf.jpg)
5. 主动语态变为被动语态需要注意的几个问题:
(1)、时态保持一致
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/2186edac2d5abd72.jpg)
(2)、被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/16cb2797012499e8.jpg)
(3)、若双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。make/buy/get用for;give/send/lend/take用to
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/7de82f186af750be.jpg)
(4)、复合宾语,将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/39c0dcaadb261b7f.jpg)
(5)、“动词+宾语+宾补”,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/0bab8b00c6644eb6.jpg)
(6)、It is said that+从句及类似句型
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/83a8a22aba4ab05f.jpg)
(三)、比较结构巧妙使用
- 同级比较
(1)、as...as;the same as;the identical with;“与...一样”
- She has written as many as essays as her brother(has).
(2)、no more...than;not...any more than “和...一样不”
- The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
- the more...the more句型
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i21160414/4a719d1eb6f556be.jpg)
(四)、强调倒装恰当运用
(五)、句和句之间衔接紧密
整理自有道
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