英语学习

A Brief History Of The Hamburger

The hamburger, in some form or another, has appeared throughout history since the early 4th century.

It survived through war, economic crises, and over a dozen centuries of time. Traveling from Europe across the Atlantic, the hamburger rose to fame in the US, emerging as an icon in the culinary world.

While its story is long and tiresome — from Mongol horsemen to American county fairs — here's how America's favorite sandwich became what we know and love today.

汉堡包简史

从4世纪初开始，汉堡包以某种形式出现在整个历史中。

它经历了战争、经济危机和十几个世纪的时间。从欧洲穿越大西洋，汉堡包在美国声名鹊起，成为烹饪界的偶像。

从蒙古骑兵到美国的乡村集市，它的故事是漫长而乏味的，以下是美国最受欢迎的三明治是如何成为我们今天所知道和喜爱的。

Before the hamburger came to America, it was a popular culinary tradition in Europe.

Some historians believe it was the Mongols that spread the tradition in the 13th century. It spread throughout the empire and across Europe, with Moscow adopting a raw version — known today as steak tartare. Russians brought the recipe to the Germans in the 17th century, arriving via the port of Hamburg.

In the 1840s, German immigrants fleeing political revolutions in their country left for the New World. The Hamburg steak is said to have been eaten on the ships before arriving in the US. By 1873, it appeared for the first time on a menu at Delmonico's in New York City.

A few short years later, Frank and Charles Menches from New York and Charlie Nagreen from Wisconsin — both claim to be its creators — served a version of the patty-on-a-bun at their respective local fairs.

But whatever its genesis, the hamburger didn't receive significant attention until it was featured by Louis' Lunch at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, known for introducing wild and new foods to Americans.

Led by McDonald's, American-style franchised fast food spread globally. By the 2000s, America had become a burger-obsessed nation. Today, the US alone eats more than 40 billion burgers annually.

在汉堡包来到美国之前，它是欧洲流行的烹饪传统。

一些历史学家认为是蒙古人在13世纪传播了这一传统。它蔓延到整个帝国和整个欧洲，莫斯科采用了一种生的版本-今天称为鞑靼牛排。俄罗斯人在17世纪通过汉堡港将菜谱带给德国人。

19世纪40年代，逃离本国政治革命的德国移民前往新世界。据说汉堡牛排在到达美国之前已经在船上吃过了。到1873年，它第一次出现在纽约德尔莫尼科餐厅的菜单上。

几年后，来自纽约的弗兰克和查尔斯门切斯和威斯康星州的查理·纳格林都声称是其创造者，在各自的当地集市上提供了一种版本的小馅饼。

但不管它的起源是什么，直到1904年在圣路易斯世界博览会（St.Louis World's Fair）上路易的午餐（Louis's Lunch）上，汉堡包才受到重视，因为它向美国人介绍了野生和新的食物而闻名。

以麦当劳为首的美式特许快餐在全球范围内传播开来。到了21世纪，美国已经成为一个痴迷汉堡的国家。如今，仅美国每年就吃掉400多亿个汉堡。

美文阅读

㈠真正考验一个人品格和成熟度的方法，是永远善待他人，对他人永远胜过他们待你。

引用甘地的名言，“以眼还眼，全世界的人都会失明”。

㈡盛夏，荷叶让西湖的水面缩小了，西湖垂柳依依的岸边挤满了荷，像几千个小孩藏在水里，撑着一柄柄绿伞。荷花的红里有一点点蓝，红更亮了，可称之为艳。树上的花开花，要把身子靠在枝上，不胜单薄，而荷花单腿站在高高的茎上，茎下的荷叶如圆圆的舞台。荷花绽放要有台子，这并非矜持，而为端庄。未开放时，荷的花瓣双掌合拢，白白的花苞顶尖晕红。打开后，花瓣捧出恬静的、鲜美的、果实般的红。

荷叶让鱼虾感受到水下森林的乐趣，红鱼、黑鱼在荷叶下享受绿的阴凉。风把荷香、藕香送到十里八乡，荷让江山多一分和气，大度安详。

㈢刘震云的《一句顶一万句》里有一段话，“人活一辈子，不图啥，为个说得着的人。有的人从前说不着，过些年却说得着了；有的人从前说得着，说着说着却忽然就说不着了。”

他们深度介入彼此的生活和成长。在诉说、交流和回应这种“谈得来”的层面之上，更有参与、见证、互动、依存，有点点滴滴的时间、朝朝暮暮的陪伴、生生死死的经历积累出来的情分，有彼此不停歇的交互的能量。

作为一种浅关系，谈得来也是一种容易趋于倦怠和半途夭折的关系。它确实能给人带来愉悦感。但是，如果仅仅停留在愉悦，短暂的满足和享受之后，你会意识到时间并不是无限的，话题也不是没有边界的。如果不能深入，止于浮泛和高蹈，渐渐陷入没什么好谈的境地，也不让人意外。又或者，热烈的谈得来的阶段，不知道怎么就过去了。

倾盖如故，秉烛夜谈，都是人生难得之乐。谈得来永远令人欢喜，值得珍惜。但，不要在谈得来上寄托虚妄的期冀。以为有谈得来就有一切？那可还远着呢。