Unit 14 汉译英
合并译法（一）：从句
英语-形合，汉语-意合
1. 状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
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when, as, while 两种情况同时发生
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before, after 先后关系
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since 从某个时间点开始
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until 到某个时间点为止
E.g.1.冬天，所有的花草都已凋零，只有松竹梅挺立于冰雪中。
When all the other plants have withered in the cold winter, the pine, the bamboo and the plum tree are alive in the wind and snow.
岁寒三友：three companions in cold winter.
E.g.2.冬天还没有结束前，树枝上的绿芽、地上的绿草，给大地带来了春天的信息。
Before the winter is over, the green buds on the branches and the green grass on the ground , bring the message of spring to the world.
(二)地点状语从句
E.g.1.现在，哪里有中国人住，哪里就有儒教。
Now, where Chinese people live, there will be Confucianism.
Confucianism儒教Taoism道教
(三)原因状语从句
Because,since, as
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for 跟在主句之后
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now that 既然 in that 在这些方面，在某些方面
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given that 考虑到
E.g.1.黄色是皇室的象征，故宫的主色调就是黄色。
Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City.
E.g.2.科举考试中，书法是考试展示文学才能的重要方式，这会给考官留下第一印象。
--书法重要是因为是第一印象imperial帝国的
In the imperial Examination，calligraphy was the important means for a candidate to manifest his literacy talent, for it gave the first impression to the examiners.
examiner/ɪɡˈzæmɪnər/ 检查官，审查官manifest v.显示，表明
（四）结果状语从句
so…that,so that, such…that, such that
E.g.1.九寨沟如此美丽神奇，难怪所有人都喜欢。
picturesque/ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/古雅的, 风景如画的
miraculous /mɪˈrækjələs/奇迹般的
The jiuzhai Valley is so picturesque and miraculous that all the visitors love it.
（五）条件状语从句
If, unless—如果，如果不是
as long as----只要，so long as---
provided that--, in case that –
E.g.1. 只要全面深化互利合作，就能把问题解决好，就能获得双赢的结果。
As long as we deepen mutually-beneficial cooperation in all areas, we will be able to settle these problems and create win-win outcomes.
E.g.2.尽管外面冰天雪地，寒风刺骨，人们还是会出去看灯笼、猜灯谜。
Though everything outside is covered with ice and snow amid the chilly wind, people still go out to admire the lanterns and guess the riddles on them.
（六）目的状语从句
so that, in order that, for the purpose that,
E.g.1.人们怕屈原的身体会被鱼儿吃掉，就往水里扔粽子喂鱼，这样鱼儿就不会咬屈原。
For fear that Qu Yuan’s body would be eaten by the fish, people threw Zongzi into the river to feed them so that they wouldn’t bite his body.
处理汉语中重复的信息-they,them
（七）目的状语从句
the more…the more… 越…越…
just as…两者相似…
no more than …两者都不…
while…对照
E.g.1.中国有底蕴深厚的历史人文资源，英国有表现力强大的现代技术手段。
China has rich historical and cultural resources while the UK has impressive modern technologies.
（八）定语从句
中国有五千多年的文明史。在这五千年中，中国人发明了印刷术、指南针、火药和纸，修建了长城和运河。
China has a civilization of over 5,000 years, during which Chinese people invented printing, compass, gun powder ,and built the Great Wall and the Great Canal.
印刷术printing、指南针compass、火药gun powder纸paper长城the Great Wall
运河the Grand Canal 大运河
（九）主语一致
中国结是中国特有的民间手工编织装饰品，始于上古先民的结绳记事。
Traditional Chinese knots are the folk hand-knit ornaments, which originates from the ancient Chinese’s practice of recording events by knitting knots.
中国结：traditional Chinese knots 手工编织hand-knit装饰品ornaments
结绳：knit knots 记事record events 上古先民：the ancient Chinese
分析动词短语之间的联系
通过结绳来记事-knit knots to record events
（10）重复词语
E.g.1.红包是一种礼金，中国人一般会在节日或一些特殊场合送红包。
A red envelope is a monetary gift(gift money)that is given by Chinese people on festivals or other special occations.
人：who,that,
红包: red envelope, gift money, a red envelope with gift money.
monetary /ˈmʌnɪtri/ adj.货币的，金融的；
国之交在于民相亲，民相亲在于心相通。
The key to sound relations between states lies in the affinity between their people, which largely stems from mutual understanding.
国之交the relathions between states
民相亲: the affinity between the people
affinity n. /əˈfɪnəti/喜好，喜爱；类同，密切关系；亲近感
心相通：mutual understanding
在于：lie in, come from, stem from
（11）其中: among which
E,g.1.中国功夫有许多不同流派，其中最有名的是少林功夫。
There are many schools in Chinse kung fu, among which the most famous one is Shaolin kung fu.
（12）这: which
今后五年中中国进口总规模有望超过8万亿美元，这将给世界各国带来更多商机。
China’s total import in the next five years is estimated to top US$8 trillion, which will offer a lot more opportunities for business around the world.
（13）利用名词性从句
（一）同位语从句（二）主语从句和宾语从句（三）表语从句
（一）同位语从句
e.g.1.发展是硬道理，我们都必须坚持这一原则。
-原则—这:同位语that 连接
We should all embrace the principle that development is the absolute truth.
用汉语，用到的将不只是成语和典故，还有中国看自己、看世界的角度和思路。
（二）主语从句和宾语从句
In using Chinse language, you will get not only the idioms but also how China sees the world and itself.
that ,
what , who, when, where，which:汉语中名词不知如何翻译时用
what you like/have
what they do militarily/ˈmɪlətrəli/ adv.在军事上；
e.g.2.人们之所以喜欢绿色，是因为这绿色的花草树木，能让人感到生命的存在，能美化人们的生活环境。
（三）表语从句
The reason why people like the color green is that it can make people aware of the existence of life and beautify people’s environment.
合并译法-----
状语从句
定语从句
名词性从句
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