12.3-《超越感觉》-反应错误之转换举证责任

12.3-Errors of Reaction-Shifting the Burden of Proof

反应错误之转移举证责任

The error of shifting the burden of proof consists of demanding that others disprove our assertions.

1. 转移举证责任错误在于【他人反驳我们的断言】的要求；

Let's say Bill asserts,"The greatest single cause of exploding health care costs in this countryis unnecessary referral of patients for costly medical testing." Barbara then ask Bill to explain why he believe that to be the case. He responds,"Can you cite any evidence to disprove it? If you can't, then say so."

2. 让我们说一下比尔的断言，“在这个国家【医疗费用激增】最大的单一原因是不必要转诊的病人进行昂贵的医疗检测。”
3. 然后芭芭拉问比尔解释为什么他认为是这样的；
   4.他回应说“你能举出任何证据来反驳它吗？如果你不能，那就是这样的。”

Bill is guilty of shifting the burden of proof. He made an assertion; he should be ready to support it if asked and not demand that others refute it.

5. 比尔犯了【转移举证责任】的错，他做出了一个断言，
6. 如果有人问，他应该随时准备支持，而不是要求别人反驳。

The rule is that whoever makes the assertion bears the burden of supporting it, and the more the assertion departs from what knowledgeable people believe, the greater the responsibility of the person making the assertion to support it.

7. 规则是，做出断言的人必须承受【支持它的】负担，
   8.而且断言越偏离知识分子的信念，做出断言支持它的人的责任越大。

You will be less likely to shift the burden of proof if you learn to expect your idea to be questioned and criticized and prepare to support them before you express them.

9. 如果你学会期待你的想法被质疑和批判，你不太可能转移举证责任，而且你会在解释它们之前准备好支持。