前言:
1.关于PureMVC:
MVC框架在很多项目当中拥有广泛的应用,很多时候做项目前人开坑开了一半就消失了,后人为了填补各种的坑就遭殃的不得了。嘛,程序猿大家都不喜欢像文案策划一样组织文字写东西,也不喜欢看别人留下不清不楚的文档,还不如看代码来得实在。刚开始新人看代码是看得头晕,因为这样那样的东西不一定能完全猜得透。而老人家就算有经验和阅历,也没有这么多的体力去看一个庞大而又复杂的糟糕项目。因为这种需求,Unity3D的程序猿就统一组织起来,想做一个完整规范的程序框架,而这时,PureMVC就诞生了。我个人喜欢PureMVC的原因也很简单,因为它简单粗暴,和Unity3D之间没有依赖性,加上又开源,真的遇到Bug能拿到源代码来调试也是很容易执行的。Unity3D应用商店还有一个同类产品叫uFrame Game Framework,它对Unity版本有着依赖,拖视图虽然方便,但是一旦出bug真的改得够呛的,所以不推荐使用它。下文便是使用PureMVC和Unity3D的UGUI制作一个简单的员工管理系统实例。
2.通过MVC模式在Unity项目当中应用的特别提醒:
(1)Unity3D是基于组件设计的,如果没有好的规划,组件之间会产生复杂的调用关系,导致组件之间复杂的依赖,从而破坏了整个系统结构,因此需要设计时确定组件的层次关系,确保依赖关系只存在于下层对上层。而这个是业务逻辑设计问题,PureMVC帮不了你。
(2)仅仅用上MVC,解决不了什么问题,或许解决了1%,剩下的99%就被挪到了MVC的C里,当你庆祝MVC竣工时,99%的问题在那里默默的微笑的看着你。(话说以前写PHP的CI框架时候,一堆东西扔到XxxAction.Class.php里面,发现和摆的乱七八糟的架构没区别,只是大家都习惯了这套框架的规矩,看代码找某个东西稍微好找而已,本质上还是考验基本功和对项目的熟悉程度的,23333)
3.PureMVC通过4种pattern实现隔离变化:
(1)facade非常适合将UI界面对游戏数据的依赖解耦,将UI操作数据的请求封装在facade 接口里面,同时数据变化对UI的影响可以通过notification事件通知来实现,该模式应用得非常常见。
(2)command模式统一对对象的操作,将键盘输入,网络输入输出统一成command来操控游戏对象。
(3)proxy维护数据,提供某块数据统一的初始化,访问和修改接口。
(4)mediator没怎么用过,我们的游戏中的UI界面每次变化一般都是整体更新的,不常用局部更新。
以上4中pattern请务必牢牢记住,请务必牢牢记住,请务必牢牢记住。重要的事情要说3便。
4.PureMVC的流程示意图
(1)在puremvc中,model/view/controller统一是由Facade类的单件实例来统筹管理的。
(2)PureMVC的基本流程:启动PureMVC—>建立Mediator来操作视觉元素(按钮与文本框)—>点击按钮发送Notification->文本框接收Notification改变内容。
(3)大致流程可理解为:通过Facade类的单件实例(即:统一的门面) 启动 puremvc环境,启动同时注册Command对象(相当于asp.net mvc中的controller),然后Command通过与之关联的facade(即前面的单件实例)来注册Mediator(中介者:用于把View与Command联系起来)。
(4)当UI界面(即View)上有动静时(比如按钮点击了之类),与之关联的Mediator(中介者)会发送通知给facade,然后facade会调用command对象执行相关的处理。(即:消息响应)
PureMVC示意图.png
一.引入PureMVC的插件
1.下载PureMVC
请访问地址
https://github.com/PureMVC/puremvc-csharp-standard-framework/wiki
安装
2.把PureMVC.DotNET.35.dll放到Plugins里面就好了。
QA
3.这里有一个很简单的基本案例可以参考一下
http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1452657515480.html
二.动手配置文件
1.需要完成的实例如下:
实现的界面效果.png2.具体实现的目标:
(1)在Scripts文件夹下,分别设置模型、视图、控制器对应的文件夹Model、View、Controller,分别放置处理数据模型的脚本、处理显示视图的脚本、处理逻辑控制的脚本。
(2)如界面,一个Unity3D和UGUI制作的简单员工管理系统,Employee Admin,其中员工界面Users显示有哪些员工在登记范围内,而New和Delete分别是添加和删除某个员工的信息。然后下面的员工信息界面User Profile则是对员工信息的一个具体编辑和修正。
三.主要实现步骤
1.启动文件AppFacade.cs 作为PureMVC框架的入口文件。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
//Facade模式的单例
public class ApplicationFacade : Facade
{
//实例化函数,保证单例模式(Singleton)运行该函数
public new static IFacade Instance
{
get
{
if(m_instance == null)
{
lock(m_staticSyncRoot)
{
if (m_instance == null)
{
Debug.Log("ApplicationFacade");
m_instance = new ApplicationFacade();
}
}
}
return m_instance;
}
}
//启动PureMVC的入口函数
public void Startup(MainUI mainUI)
{
Debug.Log("Startup() to SendNotification.");
SendNotification(EventsEnum.STARTUP, mainUI);
}
//该类的构造器
protected ApplicationFacade()
{
}
//设置静态
static ApplicationFacade()
{
}
//初始化控制器函数
protected override void InitializeController()
{
Debug.Log("InitializeController()");
base.InitializeController();
RegisterCommand(EventsEnum.STARTUP, typeof(StartupCommand));
RegisterCommand(EventsEnum.DELETE_USER, typeof(DeleteUserCommand));
}
}
2.对PureMVC需要处理的事件用EventsEnum.cs存放
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//处理事件的枚举
public class EventsEnum
{
public const string STARTUP = "startup";//启动事件
public const string NEW_USER = "newUser";//新建用户
public const string DELETE_USER = "deleteUser";//删除用户
public const string CANCEL_SELECTED = "cancelSelected";//取消选择
public const string USER_SELECTED = "userSelected";//选择用户
public const string USER_ADDED = "userAdded";//添加用户
public const string USER_UPDATED = "userUpdated";//更新用户
public const string USER_DELETED = "userDeleted";//删除用户
public const string ADD_ROLE = "addRole";//添加角色
public const string ADD_ROLE_RESULT = "addRoleResult";//查询添加角色的结果
}
3.然后在Unity的场景中创建一个MainUI.cs文件,挂在需要启动PureMVC的组件上。就可以启动了。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//处理该UI场景的入口
public class MainUI : MonoBehaviour
{
public UserList userList;
public UserForm userForm;
//启动函数
void Awake()
{
//启动PureMVC程序,执行StartUP()方法
ApplicationFacade facade = ApplicationFacade.Instance as ApplicationFacade;
facade.Startup(this);
}
}
4.对Controller部分进行处理
然后我们对执行逻辑的处理事件进行补充。新建一个文件夹Controller,暂时先放置StartupCommand.cs和DeleteUserCommand.cs。处理上述所说的逻辑事件
首先,处理启动事件
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
//启动事件
public class StartupCommand : SimpleCommand, ICommand
{
//复写原有的Execute执行函数
public override void Execute(INotification notification)
{
//注册统一的数据接口UserProxy,给其他事件处理
Debug.Log("StartupCommand.Execute()");
Facade.RegisterProxy(new UserProxy());
//注册局部界面Mediator,给其他事件处理
MainUI mainUI = notification.Body as MainUI;
Facade.RegisterMediator(new UserListMediator(mainUI.userList));
Facade.RegisterMediator(new UserFormMediator(mainUI.userForm));
}
}
其次,处理删除用户事件
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
//删除用户事件
public class DeleteUserCommand : SimpleCommand, ICommand
{
//复写原有的Execute执行函数
public override void Execute(INotification notification)
{
//获取要删除的对象user
UserVO user = (UserVO)notification.Body;
//获取处理数据操作的userProxy
UserProxy userProxy = (UserProxy)Facade.RetrieveProxy(UserProxy.NAME);
//操作数据,删除user
userProxy.DeleteItem(user);
//删除完毕,广播USER_DELETED进行通知
SendNotification(EventsEnum.USER_DELETED);
}
}
5.对Model部分进行处理
然后是对Model模型数据的定义哈,首先要记录的信息用UserVO来表示
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//显示用的数据信息UserViewObject
public class UserVO
{
//用户名
public string UserName
{
get { return m_userName; }
}
private string m_userName = "";
//名字
public string FirstName
{
get { return m_firstName; }
}
private string m_firstName = "";
//姓氏
public string LastName
{
get { return m_lastName; }
}
private string m_lastName = "";
//邮箱
public string Email
{
get { return m_email; }
}
private string m_email = "";
//密码
public string Password
{
get { return m_password; }
}
private string m_password = "";
//部门
public string Department
{
get { return m_department; }
}
private string m_department = "";
//是否合法
public bool IsValid
{
get
{
return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(UserName) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Password);
}
}
//合并名字
public string GivenName
{
get { return LastName + ", " + FirstName; }
}
//构造器
public UserVO()
{
}
//构造函数
public UserVO(string uname, string fname, string lname, string email, string password, string department)
{
if (uname != null) m_userName = uname;
if (fname != null) m_firstName = fname;
if (lname != null) m_lastName = lname;
if (email != null) m_email = email;
if (password != null) m_password = password;
if (department != null) m_department = department;
}
}
接着对操作数据的UserProxy进行补充
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
//数据操作
public class UserProxy : Proxy, IProxy
{
public new const string NAME = "UserProxy";
//返回数据操作类
public IList<UserVO> Users
{
get { return (IList<UserVO>) base.Data; }
}
//构造函数,添加几条数据进去先
public UserProxy():base(NAME, new List<UserVO>())
{
Debug.Log("UserProxy()");
//添加几条测试用的数据
AddItem(new UserVO("lstooge", "Larry", "Stooge", "larry@stooges.com", "ijk456", "ACCT"));
AddItem(new UserVO("cstooge", "Curly", "Stooge", "curly@stooges.com", "xyz987", "SALES"));
AddItem(new UserVO("mstooge", "Moe", "Stooge", "moe@stooges.com", "abc123", "PLANT"));
AddItem(new UserVO("lzh", "abc", "def", "lzh@stooges.com", "abc123", "IT"));
}
//添加数据的方法
public void AddItem(UserVO user)
{
Users.Add(user);
}
//更新数据的方法
public void UpdateItem(UserVO user)
{
for (int i = 0; i < Users.Count; i++)
{
if (Users[i].UserName.Equals(user.UserName))
{
Users[i] = user;
break;
}
}
}
//删除数据的方法
public void DeleteItem(UserVO user)
{
for (int i = 0; i < Users.Count; i++)
{
if (Users[i].UserName.Equals(user.UserName))
{
Users.RemoveAt(i);
break;
}
}
}
}
6.接下来对VIew部分进行实现
显示用户界面列表的UserList和填写用户具体信息的UserForm
列表单条数据部分
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
//UserList列表当中单条数据信息
public class UserList_Item : MonoBehaviour
{
//定义UI组件
public Text txt_userName;//用户名文本框
public Text txt_firstName;//名字文本框
public Text txt_lastName;//姓氏文本框
public Text txt_email;//邮件文本框
public Text txt_department;//部门文本框
//定义User信息类
public UserVO userData;
//更新User类
public void UpdateData(UserVO data)
{
//获取需要更改的User信息
this.userData = data;
//更改UI的文字信息
txt_userName.text = data.UserName;
txt_firstName.text = data.FirstName;
txt_lastName.text = data.LastName;
txt_email.text = data.Email;
txt_department.text = data.Department;
}
}
用户列表部分
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
//UserList用户界面列表部分
public class UserList : MonoBehaviour
{
//定义UI组件
public Text txt_userCount;//用户列表文本框
public UGUI_MyToggleGroup myToggleGroup;//用户列表滑动条
public Button btn_New;//新建按钮
public Button btn_Delete;//删除按钮
public UserList_Item itemPrefab;//单个列表文件的预置体
List<UserList_Item> itemList = new List<UserList_Item>();//临时存列表
//定义事件操作
public System.Action NewUser;//添加用户事件
public System.Action DeleteUser;//删除用户事件
public System.Action SelectUser;//选择用户事件
//定义数据
public UserVO SelectedUserData;//列表中选择好的用户
private IList<UserVO> m_currentUsers;//当前选择的用户
//开始函数
void Start ()
{
itemPrefab.gameObject.SetActive(false);
myToggleGroup.onToggleChange.AddListener(onSelectUserItem);
btn_New.onClick.AddListener(onClick_btn_New);
btn_Delete.onClick.AddListener(onClick_btn_Delete);
UpdateButtons();
}
//加载用户
public void LoadUsers(IList<UserVO> list)
{
m_currentUsers = list;
RefreshUI(list);
}
//点击新建
void onClick_btn_New()
{
if (NewUser != null) NewUser();
}
//点击删除
void onClick_btn_Delete()
{
if (DeleteUser != null) DeleteUser();
}
//选择物体
void onSelectUserItem(Toggle itemToggle)
{
if (itemToggle == null)
{
return;
}
UserList_Item item = itemToggle.GetComponent<UserList_Item>();
this.SelectedUserData = item.userData;
UpdateButtons();
if (SelectUser != null) SelectUser();
}
//取消选择
public void Deselect()
{
myToggleGroup.toggleGroup.SetAllTogglesOff();
this.SelectedUserData = null;
UpdateButtons();
}
//刷新UI
void RefreshUI(IList<UserVO> datas)
{
ClearItems();
foreach (var data in datas)
{
UserList_Item item = CreateItem();
item.UpdateData(data);
itemList.Add(item);
}
txt_userCount.text = datas.Count.ToString();
}
//新建列表项目
UserList_Item CreateItem()
{
UserList_Item item = GameObject.Instantiate<UserList_Item>(itemPrefab);
item.transform.SetParent(itemPrefab.transform.parent);
item.gameObject.SetActive(true);
item.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
item.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
return item;
}
//清空列表
void ClearItems()
{
foreach(var item in itemList)
{
Destroy(item.gameObject);
}
itemList.Clear();
}
//更新按钮
private void UpdateButtons()
{
btn_Delete.interactable = (SelectedUserData != null);
}
}
用户个人信息部分
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;
//用户个人信息表单模式?编辑:新增
public enum UserFormMode
{
ADD,
EDIT,
}
//用户个人信息表单
public class UserForm : MonoBehaviour
{
//UI项的定义
public InputField txt_firstName;
public InputField txt_lastName;
public InputField txt_email;
public InputField txt_userName;
public InputField txt_password;
public InputField txt_confirmPassword;
public InputField txt_department;
public Button btn_updateUser;
public Button btn_cancel;
//其他
public System.Action AddUser;
public System.Action UpdateUser;
public System.Action CancelUser;
//用户信息获取
public UserVO User
{
get { return m_user; }
}
private UserVO m_user;
//用户信息表单
public UserFormMode Mode
{
get { return m_mode; }
}
private UserFormMode m_mode = UserFormMode.ADD;
//开始
void Start ()
{
//设置UI
btn_updateUser.onClick.AddListener(btn_updateUser_Click);
btn_cancel.onClick.AddListener(btn_cancel_Click);
txt_userName.onValueChange.AddListener(InputField_onValueChange);
txt_password.onValueChange.AddListener(InputField_onValueChange);
txt_confirmPassword.onValueChange.AddListener(InputField_onValueChange);
UpdateButtons();
}
//显示当前用户信息
public void ShowUser(UserVO user, UserFormMode mode)
{
m_mode = mode;
if (user == null)
{
ClearForm();
}
else
{
m_user = user;
txt_firstName.text = user.FirstName;
txt_lastName.text = user.LastName;
txt_email.text = user.Email;
txt_userName.text = user.UserName;
txt_password.text = txt_confirmPassword.text = user != null ? user.Password : "";
txt_department.text = user.Department;
//txt_firstName.ActivateInputField();
EventSystem.current.SetSelectedGameObject(txt_firstName.gameObject);
//txt_firstName.MoveTextEnd(false);
txt_firstName.caretPosition = txt_firstName.text.Length - 1;
UpdateButtons();
}
}
//更新按钮
private void UpdateButtons()
{
if (btn_updateUser != null)
{
btn_updateUser.interactable = (txt_firstName.text.Length > 0 && txt_password.text.Length > 0 && txt_password.text.Equals(txt_confirmPassword.text));
}
}
//清空表单
public void ClearForm()
{
m_user = null;
txt_firstName.text = txt_lastName.text = txt_email.text = txt_userName.text = "";
txt_password.text = txt_confirmPassword.text = "";
txt_department.text = "";
UpdateButtons();
}
//更新用户信息
void btn_updateUser_Click()
{
m_user = new UserVO(
txt_userName.text, txt_firstName.text,
txt_lastName.text, txt_email.text,
txt_password.text, txt_department.text);
if (m_user.IsValid)
{
if (m_mode == UserFormMode.ADD)
{
if (AddUser != null) AddUser();
}
else
{
if (UpdateUser != null) UpdateUser();
}
}
}
//取消信息
void btn_cancel_Click()
{
if (CancelUser != null) CancelUser();
}
//输入
void InputField_onValueChange(string value)
{
UpdateButtons();
}
}
最后,对局部更新UI的行为进行完善Mediator
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
using System.Collections.Generic;
//更新UserList部分
public class UserListMediator : Mediator, IMediator
{
private UserProxy userProxy;
public new const string NAME = "UserListMediator";
private UserList View
{
get { return (UserList)ViewComponent; }
}
public UserListMediator(UserList userList)
: base(NAME, userList)
{
Debug.Log("UserListMediator()");
userList.NewUser += userList_NewUser;
userList.DeleteUser += userList_DeleteUser;
userList.SelectUser += userList_SelectUser;
}
public override void OnRegister()
{
Debug.Log("UserListMediator.OnRegister()");
base.OnRegister();
userProxy = Facade.RetrieveProxy(UserProxy.NAME) as UserProxy;
View.LoadUsers(userProxy.Users);
}
void userList_NewUser()
{
UserVO user = new UserVO();
SendNotification(EventsEnum.NEW_USER, user);
}
void userList_DeleteUser()
{
SendNotification(EventsEnum.DELETE_USER, View.SelectedUserData);
}
void userList_SelectUser()
{
SendNotification(EventsEnum.USER_SELECTED, View.SelectedUserData);
}
public override IList<string> ListNotificationInterests()
{
IList<string> list = new List<string>();
list.Add(EventsEnum.USER_DELETED);
list.Add(EventsEnum.CANCEL_SELECTED);
list.Add(EventsEnum.USER_ADDED);
list.Add(EventsEnum.USER_UPDATED);
return list;
}
public override void HandleNotification(INotification notification)
{
switch(notification.Name)
{
case EventsEnum.USER_DELETED:
View.Deselect();
View.LoadUsers(userProxy.Users);
break;
case EventsEnum.CANCEL_SELECTED:
View.Deselect();
break;
case EventsEnum.USER_ADDED:
View.Deselect();
View.LoadUsers(userProxy.Users);
break;
case EventsEnum.USER_UPDATED:
View.Deselect();
View.LoadUsers(userProxy.Users);
break;
}
}
}
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using PureMVC.Patterns;
using PureMVC.Interfaces;
using System.Collections.Generic;
//更新UserForm部分
public class UserFormMediator : Mediator, IMediator
{
private UserProxy userProxy;
public new const string NAME = "UserFormMediator";
private UserForm View
{
get { return (UserForm)ViewComponent; }
}
public UserFormMediator(UserForm viewComponent)
: base(NAME, viewComponent)
{
Debug.Log("UserFormMediator()");
View.AddUser += UserForm_AddUser;
View.UpdateUser += UserForm_UpdateUser;
View.CancelUser += UserForm_CancelUser;
}
public override void OnRegister()
{
base.OnRegister();
userProxy = Facade.RetrieveProxy(UserProxy.NAME) as UserProxy;
}
void UserForm_AddUser()
{
UserVO user = View.User;
userProxy.AddItem(user);
SendNotification(EventsEnum.USER_ADDED, user);
View.ClearForm();
}
void UserForm_UpdateUser()
{
UserVO user = View.User;
userProxy.UpdateItem(user);
SendNotification(EventsEnum.USER_UPDATED, user);
View.ClearForm();
}
void UserForm_CancelUser()
{
SendNotification(EventsEnum.CANCEL_SELECTED);
View.ClearForm();
}
public override IList<string> ListNotificationInterests()
{
IList<string> list = new List<string>();
list.Add(EventsEnum.NEW_USER);
list.Add(EventsEnum.USER_DELETED);
list.Add(EventsEnum.USER_SELECTED);
return list;
}
public override void HandleNotification(INotification note)
{
UserVO user;
switch (note.Name)
{
case EventsEnum.NEW_USER:
user = (UserVO)note.Body;
View.ShowUser(user, UserFormMode.ADD);
break;
case EventsEnum.USER_DELETED:
View.ClearForm();
break;
case EventsEnum.USER_SELECTED:
user = (UserVO)note.Body;
View.ShowUser(user, UserFormMode.EDIT);
break;
}
}
}
补充,UI的选择部分
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
[RequireComponent(typeof(Toggle))]
public class UGUI_MyToggle : MonoBehaviour
{
[SerializeField]Toggle toggle;
[SerializeField]UGUI_MyToggleGroup myToggleGroup;
void Start()
{
if (toggle == null) toggle = this.GetComponent<Toggle>();
if (myToggleGroup == null) myToggleGroup = toggle.group.GetComponent<UGUI_MyToggleGroup>();
toggle.onValueChanged.AddListener(onToggle);
}
void onToggle(bool value)
{
if(value)
{
myToggleGroup.ChangeToggle(toggle);
}
}
}
//[lzh]
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using UnityEngine.Events;
using System.Collections;
public class ToggleEvent : UnityEvent<Toggle> { }
[RequireComponent(typeof(ToggleGroup))]
public class UGUI_MyToggleGroup : MonoBehaviour
{
public ToggleGroup toggleGroup;
public ToggleEvent onToggleChange = new ToggleEvent();
void Start()
{
if (toggleGroup == null) toggleGroup = this.GetComponent<ToggleGroup>();
}
public void ChangeToggle(Toggle toggle)
{
onToggleChange.Invoke(toggle);
}
}
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