连接副词
连接副词可以连接两个结构上独立、但是语义上有关系的句子,比如however可以表达“然而”,连接两个语义上有转折关系的句子,比如:He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班,并且努力集中精神工作。
连接副词在使用的时候有三个特点:
1. 连接副词可在句子中移动。比如:He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.也可以说:He was feeling bad. However, He went to work and tried to concentrate.
2. 两个句子不能换顺序,比如:He was feeling bad. However, He went to work and tried to concentrate.不可以说:However, He went to work and tried to concentrate. He was feeling bad.
3. 两个句子不能用逗号连接:He was feeling bad. However, He went to work and tried to concentrate.不可以说:He was feeling bad, however, He went to work and tried to concentrate.
根据两句话语义上的不同,连接副词可以分为六种类型:
有“增加额外信息(adding information)”的连接副词,比如:also(也), furthermore(而且), besides(而且), in addition(而且), moreover(而且);
有表达“因果关系(cause and effect)”的连接副词,比如:accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus;
有表达“对比关系(contrast)”的连接副词,比如:instead(反而), however(然而), nevertheless(不过), nonetheless(然而);
也有表达“相似关系(similarity)”的连接副词,比如:similarly(同样地);
也有表达“强调关系(emphasis)”的连接副词,比如:indeed(确实), in fact(事实上), undoubtedly(毫无疑问地);
还有表达“改变话题(changing direction)”的连接副词,比如:anyway(不管怎样), incidentally(顺便说一下), meanwhile(与此同时)。
要注意的是以上只是说明这些副词有连接副词的用法,不代表它们只有这么一种用法,比如also既可以做连接副词使用,比如:I didn't like it that much. Also, it was much too expensive.又可以作为普通副词使用,比如:Her father is also a doctor.
句子副词
句子副词用在句子的开头,表达作者的情感和态度。比如:Clearly, this will cost a lot more than we realized. 显而易见,这将比我们以前了解到的花费要多得多。Sadly, after eight years of marriage they had grown apart. 不幸的是,结婚八年后,他们的感情日渐淡漠了。Frankly , I don't blame you. 说实话,我并不怪你。
要注意的是,这类副词也通常既可以做句子副词,比如:Honestly, I am not upset. 老实说,我没有不高兴。也可以做普通的副词使用,比如:We earned the money honestly. 这钱是我们老老实实挣来的。
写在最后
副词部分的内容写到这就结束了,在这里没有按照副词表达的语义进行分类,因为考虑到这个角度偏向于词汇知识,这里从副词用法角度分类,对于我们整体把握句子间的关系和作者的情感态度有很重要的作用,这些知识对于阅读能力的提高是很有帮助的。
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