常见连词: unless, once, in case
It is always the best policy to speak the truth-unless, of course, you are an exceptionally good liar.
very——perfectly, extremely, intensely, exceedingly,extraordinarily,more than adj
more than handsome=very handsome
All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is how to discover them.
Take more money, in case(that)some accident happens.
状从的省略
当状从的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有系动词，则将从句主语和系动词一起省略(注意:必须一起)
When(he was)asked why he was late, he kept silent.
While(they are)visiting the city, they received a warm welcome.
Once (it is)begun, it must be done well.
Write to me if(it is)necessary.
让步状从的要点
Whatever/however/whenever/whereever/ whichever既可以引导n性从句，也可以引导状从
no matter what/how/when/where/which 只可以引导状语从句
Whoever he is isn't so important.
I didn't want to know whatever he thought.
Whatever he needs, we will satisfy him at one.
= No matter what he needs, we will satisfy him at once.
三大难点
1.while
引导时间状从
当…时候(后面v一定是持续性v)强调时间段
引导让步状从——一般位于句首，尽管
While I disapproved of what you say, I would defend to death your right to say it.
Strike while the iron is hot.
While so many people are out smelling the flowers, someone is taking the time to plant some.
句首可以可以是当…
句中的while 表前后事物或情况的对比，“然而”
You can wear out iron shoes in fruitless search, while you may hit on what you need without even looking for it.
We judge oursevles by what we feel capable of doing, while others judges by what we have already done.
While the leading actor on the stage capture our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.(while体现作者态度)
While warning are often appropriate and necessary–the dangers of drug interactions, for example–and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect teh manufactures and sellers from liability if a customer is injuried.(结构式阅读法)
2.since
引导时间状从，自从(主句为完成时态)
引导原因状从，因为
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
(定从:拆——重复先行词)
Faith is a bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark.
Open since spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.
tell right from wrong 明辨是非
3.as后面接句子
引导时间状从， 随着(强调两个动作同时发生)
As self-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminshes.
How we see ourselves as we try to a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.(中文的逻辑词都在前面)
引导原因状从
As there was very little support, the strike was not successful.
状从的应用——询问信正文
1.As I am particularly interested in…,I would like to obtain/request about some relevant information as regards…(regard=about)
2.万能句 I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects. First,…, and second.
3.必要时增加这句
Meanwhile, I wonder if it is convenient for you to send me…, and your instant assistance will contribute to my project/plan/paper.
投诉信
1.事件大概经过，which has put me into great inconvenience.
2.加分句 Given well-deserved reputation of your store, I am sure you will do everything possible to resolve this problem instantly.
第三段
1.感谢看信
I am indebted to you for your attention to my letter.
I appreciate your attention to my letter.
I would like to express my gratitude to you for your attention to my letter.
2.诸多不便打扰了
Let me apologize for any inconveniences I may have casued.
3.期待回信+再次感谢
I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.
Words fail me when I want to express my heartfelt gratitude.
4.有疑问者请联系
I hope these information will be helpful, and please feel free/don't hesitate to contact for more information.
落款 公务信函
Your sincerely, /truly, /respectfully,
私人信函 Your sincerely,/cordinally,/faithfully,
署名
I would not exchange the sorrows of my heart
For the joys of the multitude.
And I would not have the tears that sadness makes
To flow from my every part turn into laughter
I would that my life remain a tear and a smile.(纪伯伦)
我不愿用世俗的欢娱来换取内心的悲戚
也不愿让我忧伤的眼泪变成浅薄的嬉笑
我宁愿生活里有眼泪也有微笑
3.主+谓+间宾(人)+直宾(物)
直接宾语指的是与谓语动词发生直接联系的名词，通常是物
间接宾语指的是动作所指向的方向通常是人
give sb sth(sb是间宾，sth是直宾)=give sth to sb
句子变长的四大原则
句内扩展:1.并列无处不在
2.修饰无处不在
3.万能定语从句(下定义)
university which is considered/regarded/ defined as a place for higher education can provide us with teh professional knowledge, the cherished opportunity as well as the enormous challenge.
The plane which is considered as teh fastest transportation save teh precious time, the enormous energy as well as the limited time.
4.句子外加状语(句外扩展)
In our modern and high-industrialized society,
As a result of development of prolificacy and progress of civilization,
In the age of information and communication,
Every culture should be accepted, respected, appreciated and advocated.
指代的基本理解
1.辨识:it; they; this; that; which
2.本质:逻辑完整——语言简洁
the Principle of Economy
3.原则:词义对应，句意通顺
4.功能: 避免重复，增强连贯性
For example=
I can think of no better illustration than the following ones.
This case effectively clarify the fact that…
举不出例子:
Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list.
建议措施
Therefore, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.
From my perspective, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to reverse the disturbing trend (illustrated in the picture).
Initially additionally Accordingly
Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.
网友评论