UNIT 4 GROWING UP

TEXT A: The Doctor's Son

Good Usage(Para.1)

settled quietly into hismedical practice

accepted him as one of theirown

Word passes quickly

greeted my father as

as long as

would always be known as “DoctorEppley’s son”

Good Usage(Paras. 2-3)

crowded around me

If you’re anything like yourfather

couldn’t stop beaming

Somewherein the midst of

I wasgrowing up to be an honorable and industrious young man

livingan honest life just like my father

Good Usage(Paras.4-8)

how I

would ever fit in with ……

hated

being followed by ……

managequite well on my own

an actof rebellion

call myfather by his first name

actingso stubborn

in themidst of an argument

everybodyexpects me to be just like

you

I wantto be myself.

Good Usage(Paras.9-10)

I survived my last years ofhigh school

I enrolled in college.

I chose to attend a school far from …

I sat with a group of students

shared stories about our lives

the things we hated most

I couldn’t stand growing up ina town …

compared me with my father

Good Usage(Paras.11-13)

I’d be proud to have a fatherwho’s so well respected

Her eyes filled with tears

give anything to be called myfather’s child

an awkward silence

changed the subject

returned home for winter break

feeling proud of myself

made a number of new friends

become popular in my own right

Good Usage(Paras.14-19)

enjoyed being back

The main topic of interest

take it out for a drive

glared at him

sick of being treated like a child

Good Usage(Paras.20-23)

hopped into the car

headed down the road

savoring the beauty of …

jumped out

surveyed the damage

sat there like a guilty child

choked back my tears

Good Usage(Paras.24-26)

a smile of recognition

Good Usage(Paras.27-30)

trudged into the house

headed toward the door

Hold your head up.

Good Usage(Para.31)

attended a small party

celebrate the beginning ofanother year

stepped toward him

wrapped my arms around hisshoulders

for the first time in years

Key Words and Expressions for TextA

settle in/into sth.:

get used to (new surroundings, a new job, etc.)习惯于（新环境、新工作等）

e.g.1. It didn’ttake her long to settle into a new routine.

2. We only moved house last week and we haven’tsettled in yet.

NB:settle (sb.) in/into sth.在这个短语中，动词settle后也可以加宾语；介词into和in可以互换，例如：

We settled the children in/into new schools when we moved to London.

beam:

1.v.

1) smile brightly and happily笑，眉开眼笑

e.g. (1)Maggie beamed at her

friend with admiration.

(2) He beamed on his visitors.

2) emit or transmit发射，发送

e.g.(1) This program is beamed to European countries at 10:00daily.

(2) The news was beamed to the whole globe by satellites.

这条新闻由卫星向全世界传送。

2.n.

1)a bright and happy look or smile容光焕发，展颜而笑

e.g.The old lady opened the door with a beam.

2) a ray or shaft of light（光）束；（光）线

e.g.Suddenly the beam of an electric torch wasflashed into his face.

Collocation:

beam withsatisfaction满意地微笑

beam with joy眉飞色舞,笑逐颜开

a beam of light一束光线

a beam of delight笑逐颜开

fit in with:

(cause to) match or agree（使）符合，适合，适应

e.g. 1.His ideas didn’t quite fit

in with our aims.

2. His good moodfit in with the joyful occasion.

Collocations:

fit in (with)适合；适应；符合；协调

fit into适应；协调

fit on装上；把……置于原处；试穿

fit oneself for作好……的准备

on one’s own:

without help独立地，无援地

e.g.1. Shelives on her own.

2.Traveling onmy own, I can decide when to start on my way and where to linger a littlelonger.

我独自去旅游,我可以决定什么时候出发上路,在什么地方多玩一会儿。

stubborn:adj.

determined, esp. to an unreasonable

degree; with a strong will固执的，顽固的，执拗的；倔强的

e.g.He is a stubborn child who won’tobey his mother.

Collocation:

as stubborn as a mule像骡子一样顽固;非常固执

a stubborn resistance顽强的抵抗

a stubborn illness顽疾

a stubborn problem棘手的问题

NB:名词形式为stubbornness。

survive:

[if !supportLists]1.[endif]vt.continue to live or exist afterexperiencing a difficult situation, a dangerous or unhappy event,

etc.比…活得长，经历（危险、不快事件等）之后还存在

e.g.1) Only two people survived the firethat took place last night.

2) The house survived the storm.

[if !supportLists]2.[endif]vi.remain alive or in existence幸存，活下来

e.g.1) The manwas very ill, but he survived.

2)Few survived after the flood.

洪水过后，生还者极少。

NB:名词形式为survival。

enroll:v.

[(as, in)] make (oneself or another

person) officially a member of a group[常与as或in连用]吸收（某人）为成员；（使）入会（入学，入伍）；登记，注册

e.g. 1. She decided to enroll in the historycourse.

2.We enrolled him as a member of

the society.

我们吸收他为会员。

NB:enroll为American

English拼法，在British

English中，该词拼写为enrol，二者对应的名词形式分别为enrollment和enrolment。

comparewith:

examine or judge (one thing) in

relation to another thing in order to show the points of similarity or

difference（与…）作比较；（与…）对照

e.g. I compared the copy with the original but found no difference.

Collocation:

compare one thing with another将一物与另一物比较

compare favorably with优于；不亚于

not to be compared with相差极远，远不如

CF: compare,compare to,compare with&contrast

这些动词和动词短语均含“比较”之意。

compare侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。

compareto指两物有类似或相似之处，从而“把（一物）比作（另一物）”。

comparewith指“把……用……作比较”以便找出差异或好坏。

contrast指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。

Directions: Fill in the blanks withthe words or phrases above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The poetcompareshislovertoa rose in his poems.

2. Her actionscontrastedsharplywithher promises.

3. If youcompareher workwithhis, you’ll find hers is much better.

4. Scientists sometimescomparethe human braintoa computer.

frown:vi.

bring the eyebrows together in

anger or effort, causing lines to appear on the forehead（表示愤怒或烦心而）皱眉，蹙额

e.g. 1)He frowned with

displeasure as he read his son’s school report.

2) The teacher frowned angrily at the noisy class.

Collocations:

frown at (on,

upon)不赞成，不以为然

frown with displeasure不快地皱起眉头

would give anything/a lot/the world (to do sth.):

would very much

like (to do or have sth.)非常愿意做（或拥有某事物），愿付出一切做（拥有）

e.g.People tend to give anything for money

when they are young; but when they get old they would give anything for health.

NB:一个类似的短语是would give the world to know sth.为了知道某事愿付出一切代价

awkward:adj.

1. causing difficulty or

uncomfortable feelings; inconvenient or embarrassing尴尬的，为难的，麻烦的；棘手的

e.g. 1)Aunt Lenacame to visit us at an awkward time.

2) There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.

2. not smooth or grateful; ungainly（行动）笨拙的；（姿势）别扭的

e.g.The childis still awkward with his chopsticks.

Collocation:

an awkwardremark令人窘迫的评论

an awkwardsilence令人尴尬的沉默

an awkwardtime不方便的时间

an awkwardquestion棘手问题

an awkwardsituation困难处境

in one’s own right:

because of a

personal claim that does not depend on anyone else根据自己的能力或合法权利（而不依赖其他因素）

e.g. 1)He was born into a farmer’s

family and became a scientist in his own right through hard work.

2) Elizabeth II is Queen in her own right.

Collocation:

as of right/by right基于正当的权利

stand on one’s own rights坚持自己的权利

within one’s rights不超越自己的权利范围

glare:v.

(at, on, upon) look in an angry way怒目而视

e.g. 1)She glaredat me.

2) The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket and didnot say a word.

这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视,一句话也没有说。

CF: glare,stare,gaze&peer这些动词都有“看，瞧”之意。

glare指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。

stare侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。

gaze指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。

peer指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。

Directions: Fill in the blanks withthe words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The old ladypeeredthrough her spectacles at the contract.

2. He didn’t shout or swear, butjustglaredsilently at me.

3. The childgazedat thetoys in the shop window.

4. Hestaredat the wordtrying to remember what it meant.

5. Heglaredfuriously at mewhen I contradicted him.

be sick of:

feel annoyance,

dislike, and impatience from too much of sth.感到厌倦；对……厌烦

e.g. 1)I am sick of your complaints, be quiet!

2) Get out! I am sick of the sight of you.

出去，我一见到你就烦。

Collocation:

sick ofwaiting等得不耐烦

sick of itall完全厌倦了这一切

sick andtired筋疲力尽的

be sick and tired(of)十分厌倦

be sick of doingnothing闲得发腻

wander:vi.(in, off)

1. walk or move in a leisurely,

casual or aimless way漫步，闲逛，游荡

e.g. The children wandered in thewoods.

2. (of a person or an animal) leave

the right place or way; stray from one’s group（指人或动物）离开原处或正道，离群，失散

e.g. The child wandered off and gotlost.

3. (of a person or thoughts) be or become confused and

unable to make or follow ordinary conversation（人或思想）走神，开小差；错乱

e.g. He realized his audience’s attention wasbeginning to wander.

Collocation:

wander about/over the world漫游世界

wander from the subject/point离题

wander from the path ofrighteousness迷失了正途

NB:注意wander和wonder是形近词，但是意思不相同。wonder表示“惊讶,怀疑,想知道”。

survey:

1.v.look at, examine, or consider sth.

as a whole纵览，审视，全面地观察

e.g. 1)She surveyed me unhappily over

the top of her glasses.

2) Have the house surveyed before you offer to buy it.

在你出价买那房子之前,先找人鉴定一下。

2.n.a detailed inspection or

investigation调查

e.g.According to a recent survey, in Shanghaithere are about 2.5 million migrant workers.

Collocations:

a survey of air pollution空气污染调查

an annual survey年度调查

NB:surveyorn.测量员，检查员

sustain:v.

1. suffer (harm or loss)蒙受，遭受（伤害或损伤）

e.g.He sustained a severe blow on the head.

Collocations:

sustain a fatal injury遭受致命的伤害

sustain losses蒙受损失

2. keep (sb. or sth.) alive or in

existence支持，维持

e.g.You shouldeat good sustaining food, i.e. food that gives strength.

CF:back,uphold,support&sustain

这些动词均有“支持，支援，拥护”之意。

back通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。

uphold既可指积极努力支持陷入困境者，也可指在行动、道义或信仰上给某人支持。

support含义广泛，指在道义上或物质上支持某人，也可指对某项事业的支持。

sustain侧重指连续不断的支持。

Directions: Fill in the blanks withthe words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The book’s weakness is theauthor’s inability tosustainhis theory.

2. You mustbacktheargument with facts.

3. Shesupportsher husbandwith the money she earns from teaching.

4. The judgeupheldthelower court’s decision.

NB:名词sustenance表示“营养、食物”。

There’s not muchsustenance in a glass of orange juice.

guilty:adj.

[(of)] having broken a law or disobeyed a rule[常与of连用]有罪的，犯罪的

e.g. 1)He was found guilty of

passing on secret paper to a foreign power.

2) Four men werefound guilty of breach of the peace.

四名男子被判扰乱治安罪名成立。

Collocation:

be guilty of a crime犯罪

plead guilty to a crime认罪

a guiltyconscience负罪感

complain:v.

express feelings

of annoyance, dissatisfaction, unhappiness, etc.; say in an annoyed, unhappy,

dissatisfied way投诉，抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦

e.g. Ourneighbour said that if we made any more noise he’d complain to the police.

Collocatons:

complain about / of

e.g. 1)Theycomplained about the food.

2) Jean is always complaining about something.

3) Almostimmediately he began to complain about the weather.

NB:complain常与that从句连用。

e.g.1) Theycomplained that the wages were too low.

2) They complained that the price of books had increased.

他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。

protest:v.

express one’s

disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc.抗议，反对

e.g. 1)We protested against his

being released from prison.

2) The tourists protested about the bad service at the restaurant.

游客们对那家饭店低劣的服务表示不满。

3) They protested with one accord (一致地) that they had not used any drug.

Collocations:

protest about/at/against

protest that …

chokeback:

control (esp. violent or very sad feelings) as if by

holding them in the throat抑制,强忍住

e.g. 1)I could tell she tried hard to chokeback her tears.

2) It is very difficult to choke back her anger.

Collocations:

choke down用力咽下，强抑制住，按捺住

choke to death噎死；窒息而死

insurance:n.

[U (against)] guarantee of

compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death, etc. in return for regular

payment[常与against连用]保险

e.g. 1)All drivers in Britain must havethird-party insurance.

2)He claimed to be an insurancesalesman but later was found to be a fraud.

他自称是个保险公司的推销员,但后来发现原来是个骗子。

3) A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.

Collocation:

provide insurance against提供防止……的措施

an insurance policy保险单

labor insurance劳动保险

accident insurance意外保险

automobile insurance汽车保险

insurance for medical care医疗保险

panic:

1.v.(panicked, panicking) (cause to)

feel sudden uncontrollable, quickly-spreading terror or anxiety（使）恐慌

e.g. 1) The crowd panicked at thesound of the gunfire.

枪炮声使群众惊慌失措。

2) He panicked and ran as fast ashe could to safety.

3) The banks were panicked intoselling dollars.

Collocations:

panic at / over

sth.对……感到惊慌失措

2.n.a sudden, overpowering terror,

often affecting many people恐慌

e.g.1) When the theater caught fire, there was a panic.

2) He got into a panic that he would forget his lines on stage.

他慌张起来，怕自己在台上会忘记台词。

rarely:adv.

not at all often不常，很少，难得

e.g. 1)He rarelycomes here anymore.

2)Big Ben has rarely

gone wrong.

大本钟很少出差错。

CF:rarely,hardly,scarcely&barely

这些副词均含“几乎不”之意。

rarely强调不经常，多指频率。

hardly指接近最低限度，差不多没有多余，强调困难和程度。

scarcely指不太充分，不太够，不足，不能令人满意，强调数量。

barely指仅仅够，一点不多，强调没有多余。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the formwhere necessary.

1. There isscarcelyenough food.

2. Irarelyeat in restaurants.

3. They hadbarelytime to catch the plane.

4. I couldhardlyhearthe speaker.

TEXT B: The Needs of Teenagers

apart ad.separated

by a distance; in or into two or more separate parts分开，相距，相隔；拆开，分开

e.g. 1.You never see them apart these days.

2. We planted the treeswide apart.

independent a.[(of)]usu. apprecnot depending on the help, advice, or opinions of others; habitually takingactions or decisions alone[常与of连用]〖一般褒〗不依赖别人帮助的；不受他人影响的，有独立见解的；惯于单独行动的

e.g. 1.She often goes on holiday alone—she’s very independent.

2. Judges must be independent ofpolitical pressure.

instance n.a single fact, event, etc., expressing ageneral idea; example; case例子，实例，事例

e.g. 1.In most instances the pain soon goes awaywhen the drug takes effect.

2. She cited an instance where theirtraining had been a marvelous help in dealing with problems.

adapt v.make orbecome suitable for new needs, different conditions, etc.（使）适应，（使）适合

e.g. 1.When we moved to France, the children adaptedvery well.

2.They havehad to adapt themselves to a war economy.

figure n.any of the number signs

from 0 to 9; (the shape of) a whole human body数字符号 （即从0到9）；人像；人形；人影

e.g. 1.Write the number in words and in figures.

2.I could seea figure in the far distance, but I could not make out who it was.

ambitious a.having a strong desire for success, power,

wealth, etc.有抱负的，有雄心（志气）的；野心勃勃的

e.g. 1.He’s a very ambitious man and he wants to bethe number one in our company.

2.She is politicallyambitious.

frustrated a.discouraged;

not satisfied挫败的；失望的；失意的；泄气的

e.g. 1.I’m feeling rather frustrated in my presentjob; I need a change.

2. He felt extremelyfrustrated when things went against him.

restless a.unwilling or unable to stay still, esp.

because of anxiety or lack of interest不安静的，焦虑的；不耐烦的

e.g. 1.After listening to him for three hours theaudience became restless.

2. He’s been feeling very restless lately andis applying for a job abroad.

drag v.pull (sth. heavy) along with great effort用力拖(拉)(重物)

e.g. 1.He got up and dragged his chair towards thetable.

2. The protesters were dragged away by thepolice.

tighta.&ad.closely fastened, held,knotted, etc.; firmly fixed in place; closely; firmly; tightly紧的，牢的；紧紧地，牢牢地

e.g. 1.The drawer is so tight that I can’t open it.

2. She held the baby tight in her arms.

whereas conj.(used to show an opposite or different fact, situation, etc.) but但是，而，却（用于引出相反的或不同的事实、情况等）

e.g. 1.He earns 8,000 dollars a year whereas shegets at least 20,000 dollars a year.

2. They want a house, whereas we would ratherlive in a flat.

grow apart if two people grow apart, their relationship becomes less close关系逐渐疏远

e.g.1.It’s hard to believe that she grew apart from her husband after twentyyears of marriage.

2. It sounds as if you have grown apart fromTom.

for instance: for example例如

e.g. 1.You can’t rely on her; for instance,she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.

2. Theyput so much emphasis on so many wrong things. Fame, for instance.

(it’s) no / small / little wonder(that)it is not surprising; naturally并不奇怪，不足为奇，十分自然

e.g. 1.It’s no wonder you have got aheadache since you drank so much last night.

2. Hefailed the math test. No wonder he was so upset.

stay up: remain awake; not go to bed仍然醒着，不就寝

e.g. 1.To finish my term paper, I had to stayup late for several days running.

2. Iwill make this radio work even if I have to stay up all night.

(be) scared of (doing) sth.full of fear; frightened惊慌的，吓坏了的，害怕…的

e.g. 1.What are you scared of?

2. Everybodyis scared of him.

(be) annoyed at / with sb.rather angry有点生气的，恼火的

e.g. 1.She tapped her forehead and lookedannoyed with herself.

2. I was annoyed with him because he keptinterrupting.

sit up[(for)] stay up late; not go to bed[常与for连用]熬夜，不睡

e.g. 1.We sat up drinking and talking,for we would say good-bye to each other early next morning.

2. Don’tsit up for me if I’m late.

have / keep a tightrein on:control firmly抑制，严加控制

e.g. 1.Thefinance director keeps a tight rein on our spending.

2.Shekeeps a tight rein on her son.

get hold of: find and

make use of ; find sb. for a reason找来使用，找到某人，与某人联系

e.g. 1.In the midst of the flood, he managedto get hold of the branch of a tree and saved his own life.

2. Ihave been ringing his office all day, but I can’t get hold of him.

end up: be in the end (in the stated place, condition, etc.)最后成为（处于）

e.g. 1.We didn’t like it at first, but weended up cheering aloud.

2. Wasteful people usually end up in debt.

in deep/big trouble: in a situation that involves danger,

punishment, pain, worry, etc.处于危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑的境地

e.g. 1.We got into deep trouble during our

trip when a flood occurred suddenly.

2.If you run out of cash, you are in big trouble.