注：
以下内容在自己的基础上多处根据史妍的 I Have a Dream 晨读笔记 一文查漏补缺，修订与补充而成（然而还没有她详细和归纳整理得清晰...），向史妍学习~
鸡汤：凡是过去，皆为序章。勿忘初心，方得始终。
Tomorrow is another day！Add oil！
daybreak drill
the crack（破茧） of dawn 破晓
1015
用happy不用elated, delighted, glad, joyful, overjoyed, thrilled等
与joyous同样表示高兴，互换就不合适(cheesy)
真诚:平时怎么说就怎么说,用最简单、日常说话的方式真诚表达。
不需要look/sound smart
join with和...一起
go down in history 名留青史
用词:
五载春秋 五个春夏秋冬
five scores（20年）百年:致敬葛底斯堡演讲
插入语可以使表达更有层次；头韵体现韵律美，例如 ..., in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
层次 主/次:插入语()减缓句子节奏 慢！
momentous=important
记语块:beacon light of hope
sear （literary,书面语）水深火热中
曲终人散
When the songs end, people scatter.
This mind map came as a textbook example教科书式范例of daily note.
1016
rhetorical figures修辞手法
tropes反复出现的意象
motif母题
register语域
etymology词源
sadly crippled
parallel structure:巧妙的v. 尾韵 意思相近
lonely island of poverty贫穷的孤岛
material prosperity
被翻牌been bedded by the emperor=emperor's summons
suffer=languish
enter society 无定冠词！
high/polite society上流社会
the elephant in the room视而不见
roll learning 死记硬背
dramatize finalize paralyze idealize deamonize moneytize变现
1017
architect:设计师，发起者
fall heir:h不发音， 继承
as well as连读
guarantee保证
重复:yes,...as well as...
a bad check,a check which....
NSF:no sufficient funds余额不足
cash a check兑现支票 和 sign/default on
the promissory note签/违约期票
对应 insufficient funds余额不足（表示只说不做，空头支票）
1018
this sacred obligation誓言:指The Declaration of Independence独立宣言
Talk the talk,walk the walk.
eustress积极压力，distress消极压力
morally bankrupt道德沦丧
应景的表达:
great vaults金库 of
the brake on the demand of... 需求低迷
a hard act to follow太好了，望尘莫及
insofar as 在...范围内
the riches of freedom and the security of justice
hollow空洞的
hallowed/sacred神圣的 spot
替换（变化）的重复
This is no time... no time 在语言上更优美，态度上更坚决。no 比 not any更有强调意味。
pros and cons
cool off淡定
make real...玩真的
make justice a reality 与前文的make sth. real 呼应，指要说话算话。
factor in...
dark and desolate valley of
平行结构，用词讲究。例如 This is no timeto engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. 时间紧、任务急，我们要彻底的变化，不要三分钟热血。the luxury of cooling off 在文中指视而不见、安于天命比为维护自己的权益而搞点事情要舒服；the tranquilizing drug 是镇定剂。
首语重复(anaphora)的修辞方法，对应的意象，前后呼应。例如Nowis the timeto lift our nation from thequicksandsof racial injustice to thesolid rockof brotherhood.Nowis the timetomake justice a realityfor all of God's children.
加之上句连续三句以Nowis the time开头，强调现在是时候了。这让人联想到林肯的 We cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground 和丘吉尔的 We shall fight...we shall fight...。
quick sands流沙，这里意指时间越久越危险 /solid rock
solid 干货多，人很靠谱
My father is my rock.父爱如山（可依靠的人）
《圣经》中有这样两段：
The LORD is my solid rock, my fortress, my rescuer. My God is my rock— I take refuge in him!— he's my shield, my salvation's strength, my place of.
He plucked me out of a pit of confusion, even out of the quick sand; he placed my feet on a rock and established my steps.
children发音
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
欢乐满人间，最长的字
1019
unalienable right/part 不可剥夺的权益/不可分割的一部分（台湾）
legitimate 合理的，可以理解的，有必要的
legitimate discontent合理的不满，legitimately credible非常靠谱的
sweltering summer,invigorating autumn
Did I butcher念错/搞砸 your name?
短句承上启下，可缓解听觉疲劳，例如 Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. 其中end和beginning形成对比，此时语调变化的核心重点在两个对比词上。
blow off steam出气，发泄怨气，泄愤
rude=unexpected,suddenly突如其来的
a rude awakening突如其来的醒悟
woke up with a start猛然惊醒
It came as a rude PDA.猝不及防的狗粮
public display of affection公然秀恩爱
学一个句式：There will be neither...nor...until...
原文：And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
造句：There will be neither having breakfast nor taking a rest until I finish my After-Action Review.
造句：如果背不完就不吃不喝
There will be neithor eating nor drinking until I have recited this text.
guarantee=grant
shake改头换面 (简单形象);emerge(不及物v.短促有力)
make a sentence on the spot现场造句
bright day of
warm 还是worn 【事实/观点】
前后对比，形成对称。例如 In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 正当的地位和错误的行为通过对称形成对比。be guilty of 有...之罪。
The end doesn't justify the means.
business as usual 泰然处之
thirst for/long for/eager for violence渴求暴力
罗素 What I have lived for:
The longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
非暴力 不合作
This is my share, you should do your share.
1022
Any taker?有人接受挑战吗？
conduct our struggle
plane高度
high plane=majestic heights
degenerate into降级/退化，这里指变味/质
physical force/violence;soul force指Satyagraha坚持真理――甘地提出的非暴力主义
marvelous new militancy指前文creative protest,即通过语言表达思想
creative protest
好词:形象，准确，音韵美
engulf:吞没，情绪像潮水般涌上心头。
The feeling of homesickness engulfed me.
evidenced by通过...体现
get to know,come to realize逐渐...，强调过程
想想在婚礼上:
be tied up with...destiny荣辱与共 ==
be inextricably bound to息息相关
前后对应，强调同命相连、荣辱与共。...have come to realize that their destiny is tied up withour destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. （their 和 our形成对比，朗读时强调）
quick and dirty answer不假思索的答案
march ahead 前进-->不放弃，非暴力
There's no turning back.开弓没有回头箭，没有退路
police brutality（城管暴力执法）
be heavy/filled with充满
I'm heavy on salt.口味重
light on ice少冰
fatigue of travel奔波的疲乏
social mobility社会等级移动，社会流动性
寒门是否能出贵子,阶级固化
slum=ghetto
最后谈到孩子的问题，引起大家的重视和共鸣，共情以说服，博得理解和认可。只有打动人才能促使大家展开行动。We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." self-hood 原意为自我，在这里指人格、教育和更多的可能性。
引用圣经中的句子。例如 "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." 公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。
1023
vote for/against
英文中数秒时常说:One Mississippi,two Mississippi,Three Mississippi.为了凑够一秒...
双重否定表示强调： It's not uncommon...
trails and tribulations大灾大难
FOB:fresh off the boat初来乍到
come fresh from narrow cells刚刚走出狭小的牢房
quest for freedom
battered by the storms of persecution andstaggered by the winds of police brutality 这里batter指连续击打，而battered做形容词指破旧的；stagger 步履蹒跚；persecution 迫害
storms/winds of
veteran老司机
creative/imaginable suffering历尽苦难
slums and ghettos 贫民区
祈使句（省略Let us）。例如 Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. 基督教中相信苦难是种救赎，终会苦尽甘来。
can and will be changed
wallow in the valley of despair 深陷绝望不可自拔。wallow 可指沉浸/沉湎/沉溺在负面情绪中（如 wallow in self-pity/grief）；还可指打滚（如 wallow in mud）
1024
动之以情结束，晓之以理开始。
be deeply rooted in their mind
make it up as he went along=improvise=on the spot 即兴:厚积薄发，感情真挚
get it out of your chest说出心里话
live out...践行,实践
truths:只读s音
self-evident =crystal clear =clear-cut=It goes without saying...不言而喻的、不证自明的、显而易见的
注意发音:created equal one son
使用累赘重复（Redundancy）的修辞突出作者的感慨，加深读者的印象。
例如： I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia,the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
这里 at the table of brotherhood 指情同手足，共叙兄弟情谊，让人联想到前文的 the solid rock of brotherhood。oasis（自由绿洲）是一个新的意象。
前后形成对比；头韵。例如 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judgedby thecolor of their skinbutby thecontent of theircharacter. 再次提到孩子（未来的希望），引起听众共鸣。
don't judge ... by the...,but by...
Don't judge a book by its cover.
隐喻的修辞方法。例如 The fountain of knowledge will dry up unless it is continuously replenished by streams of new learning. 联想：问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来——朱熹。
说肤色:fair pale light白,dark tanned黑，不带种族色彩
Beat him to the punch. 先发制人
run a convincing bluff 令人信服的虚张声势，摆出唬人的架势
人类的强大在于能讲故事，无中生有创造出来。
人类简史里提到:讲故事是能把成千上万人类聚在一起做事的原因。
be conditioned to 习惯于；be wired to 连接到
community ，nation
演讲:Imagine now ,you are in a....代入感！
dream,image
It sticks in your mind. 余音绕梁不绝于耳，萦绕在心
stick/stand up for捍卫维护
nip it in the bud扼杀在萌芽状态
1025
racist 种族歧视者；sexist 性别歧视者
down in Alabama 因为Alabama是美国南部的一个州（deep south 的代表），且种族歧视严重
interposition干涉/插手and nullification废弃/除
be framed 被诳
重音放前/后（意思不同）:
black boy黑人男孩，黑皮肤男孩 girl friend 女朋友，女性朋友
English teacher来自英国，教英语的 white house白宫，白房子
排比的修辞方法（一浪压一浪）。例如I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low,the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together." 与前文共计9个 I have a dream，气势恢宏。整段话来自《圣经》，意思是只有大自然翻天覆地的变化，上帝才会出现。朗读时注意有起有伏、张弛有度。联想到：
上邪，我欲与君相知,长命无绝衰。山无陵,江水为竭。冬雷震震,夏雨雪。天地合,乃敢与君绝。
flesh人
crooked teeth 牙不齐
hew out of A B= hewBout of A 从A上开采B，例如 Hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 同样的还有take out of A B，例如 Take out of the bag a book.
the jangling discords 刺耳的声音、喋喋不休的吵闹，对应后面的 a beautiful symphony
that I连读
体会重复与变化，节奏和韵律。例如With this faith, we will be able towork together, topray together, tostruggle together, togo to jail together, tostand up for freedom together, knowing thatwe will be freeone day. 与前文共计3个 With this faith，荡气回肠。
speak up and stand/stick up for维护,捍卫
no-brainer 傻瓜都知道的问题
come in handy = be useful for a certain purpose
希望自己拥有被讨厌的勇气，不在乎别人的看法，敢于做自己。
苏格拉底:Know thyself.
1026
发音！
men ten when /ein/
children 秋错，抽对
Old habits die hard. 积习难改
pilgrim's soul in you
读歌词，朗朗上口还押韵！
prodigious巨大的，宏伟的
prodigal son浪子回头，迷途知返
Let freedom ring from the....
注意积累连字符a.！
snow-capped银装素裹的 iron-clad坚固的（合同，誓言）
make a mountain out of a molehill（小土堆）小题大做
hamlet = a very small village
allow sth. to do = let sth. (to) do
take...with a grind of salt抱着怀疑态度学...
speed up that day when...表达愿景，获取关注
发音：
在 to, in, as, for 等词前面稍作停顿，通过节奏使表意更清晰。
night of 和 an exile 连读。
that, to which, of, who 弱读。
pursuit, news, student 的元音u英音发/ju:/而美音发/u:/。
default 作“默认的”含义时重音在前 /'di:fɔ:lt/（柯林斯），其他含义重音在后，为 /dɪ'fɔ:lt/。
注意断句、重音和节奏，不要大喘气。轻重缓急、力求自然，不要过于单一。
Martin Luther King Jr. 的读法：Martin - Glottal Stop；Jr. = Junior。
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious /ˌsuːpərˌkælɪˌfrædʒɪˌlɪstɪkˌɛkspiˌæ lɪˈdoʊʃəs/
children /ˈtʃɪldrən/ 的发音，第一个音节与 chill /tʃɪl/ 相同。
captivity, reality, equality 等，t在两个元音之间为 Flap t。
Betty bought a bit better butter. 练习 Flap t。
重音位置：New York 等地名和人名重音在后；固定的复合名词（set phrase）重音第一个词，形容词+名词 重音在名词上，例如 WHITE house 指白宫；white HOUSE 指白色的房子。
truths 的发音，th与s在一起时，由于s过强，th弱化，听上去像/trus/。
crooked place/teeth /ˈkrʊkɪd/，类比learned一起记（过去分词/kt/和形容词/id/发音不同）。
when, ten, men 等词一起练，将鼻音和元音分开。
注意英语和中文发音的舌位区别（一样是不对的）。
方法论:
带着问题和思考去读书
赏析:
1.读懂作者的意思
2.观察积累作者的用词，修辞手法（排比，头韵，重复），句式
3.仿写造句运用，所学化为己用。
按语块学习和背诵,例如 a great beacon light of hope。
学了就用
不用纠结语言中nonsensical的东西，记住就好。
关注修辞手法(Rhetorical figures)，反复出现的意象(Tropes)和主题/母题(Motif)。
注意语域和词源，更地道地用英语。
看到中文向英文怎么说，看到英文想英文还能怎么说。
用词只有是否恰当，没有“高大上”和“小学生”。
推荐阅读太久保幸夫的《12个工作的基本》。
写作时的重复与变化：重复造成不断堆积的效果，形成排山倒海之势；而变化保证了多样性。
恰当使用不及物动词，可以达到短促有力的效果。例如 emerge, prevail, boast, loom, vary, help, count 等。
演讲中常常可以通过提问的方法来引起听众的兴趣和注意。
朗读长句前，先快速扫一眼整体的意思，然后按意群断句（谁干了什么事）。有意识地多练！
推荐阅读唐君毅的《青年与学问》。
推荐《人类简史》、范家才的《英文修辞》和 Simon Sinek 的TED演讲（关于黄金法则 Golden Circle: Why, How, What）。
不要害怕自己因为不知道文化背景而读不懂文章，查就好了。
在参加活动或社群学习时，一定要想法设法让别人能记住你，这样他们才更愿意帮助你，自己也会收获更多。不要做“小透明”！
发音（或语义）但凡有一点不确定，就去查。以教为学。
不要总否定自己，也不要总自以为是。Know thyself!
从别人的反馈中，有则改之无则加勉。要学会学习。
注意积累带连字符(hyphen)的单词，如 bullet-riddled, how-to, know-how, go-getter 等。
背诵佳句
1. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
2. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. （建议背诵）
3. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
4. This note was a promise that all men,yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
5. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
6. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. —— 马博士的理念（甘地倡导非暴力运动）
7. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.（建议背诵）
8. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to ourfreedom.
9. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back.（建议背诵）
10. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to SouthCarolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
11. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
12.With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
13. Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
网友评论