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iOS基础:AVPlayer的入门以及应用(自定义播放管理器的开

iOS基础:AVPlayer的入门以及应用(自定义播放管理器的开

作者: Jabber_YQ | 来源:发表于2016-10-23 16:58 被阅读788次

    一、闲谈

    一直用着网易云音乐这个app,也一直想要模拟着它做一个却总是懒得迈出第一步,最近终于下定决心,打算先做一点最基础的。一个音乐播放器最基础的当然就是播放管理器了。

    二、AVPlayer的入门

    其实AVPlayer用起来很简单,我也就不说废话,直接放上代码。

    第一步:初始化等操作

    // 初始化一个AVPlayer
    self.player = [[AVPlayer alloc] init];
    // 创建一个item
    AVPlayerItem *item =[AVPlayerItem playerItemWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://m2.music.126.net/lpeVipLJshTxA-T7xjFI2g==/1046735069650768.mp3"]];
    // 监听status属性
    [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    // 监听loadedTimeRanges属性
    [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    // 设置player的item
    [self.player replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem:item];
    

    下面再补充一下监听的两个属性。

    1.status

    这个属性指的是item的状态,状态一共有三种,如下:

    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, AVPlayerItemStatus) {
        AVPlayerItemStatusUnknown,
        AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay,
        AVPlayerItemStatusFailed
    };
    

    显然,当status为AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay的时候,就说明可以播放了。

    2.loadedTimeRanges

    这个属性主要是用在获取缓冲的进度的,具体的使用在下文会说到。

    第二步:响应监听

    既然有监听,那就肯定要响应。先上代码:

    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context
    {
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"status"]) {
            AVPlayerItemStatus status =[change[@"new"]integerValue];//change为string类型
            switch (status) {
                case AVPlayerItemStatusUnknown:
                    NSLog(@"AVPlayerItemStatusUnknown");
                    break;          
                case AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay:
                    //调用播放方法
                    [self.player play];
                    break;
                case AVPlayerItemStatusFailed:{
                    NSLog(@"AVPlayerItemStatusFailed");
                    break;
                }          
                default:
                    break;
            }
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"loadedTimeRanges"]) {
            // 计算缓冲的进度百分比
            float timeInterval= [self availableDuration];
            NSInteger totalDuration = [self fetchTotalTime];
            // 打印缓冲进度的百分比
            NSLog(@"进度百分比%f", timeInterval / totalDuration);
        }
    }
    

    其中监听item的状态的代码就不需要说了,只需要在AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay后加上

    [self.player play];
    

    就可以了。
    下面讲一下计算缓冲的进度百分比的思路,其实也很简单,先获取到缓冲的进度,再获取到总的时间,然后 缓冲的进度/总时间 就是缓冲的百分比。

    自己写一个获取总时间的方法:
    // 获取总时间,总秒数
    - (NSInteger)fetchTotalTime
    {
        //获取当前播放歌曲的总时间
        CMTime time = self.player.currentItem.duration;
        
        if (time.timescale == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        //播放秒数 = time.value/time.timescale
        return time.value/time.timescale;
    }
    
    自己写一个获取缓冲总进度的方法:
    - (float)availableDuration
    {
        NSArray *loadedTimeRanges = [[self.player currentItem] loadedTimeRanges];
        CMTimeRange timeRange = [loadedTimeRanges.firstObject CMTimeRangeValue];// 获取缓冲区域
        float startSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.start);
        float durationSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.duration);
        float result = startSeconds + durationSeconds;// 计算缓冲总进度
        return result;
    }
    

    补充一点CMTimeRange的知识:

    typedef struct
    {
        CMTime          start;      /*! @field start The start time of the time range. */
        CMTime          duration;   /*! @field duration The duration of the time range. */
    } CMTimeRange;
    

    start表示的是开始时间,duration表示的是时间范围的持续时间。所以这边缓冲的总进度就是两者相加了。

    入门写到这里,下面是自定义一个播放管理器

    三、自定义播放管理器

    1.创建类并声明方法

    想象一下一个播放管理器会有哪些方法,播放,暂停,开始播放网络音乐,开始播放本地音乐,甚至还有拉进度条来快进快退。代码如下:

    //单例
    + (instancetype)sharedPlayerManager;
    
    //暂停
    - (void)pasuseMusic;
    
    //播放
    - (void)playMusic;
    
    //准备去播放
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithUrl:(NSString *)url;
    
    //本地播放方法
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithFilePath:(NSString *)musicFilePath;
    
    //快进快退方法
    - (void)playMusicWithSliderValue:(CGFloat)peogress;
    

    2.相关方法的实现

    趁热打铁,先写播放歌曲方法

    // 播放网络歌曲
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithUrl:(NSString *)url
    {
        if (!url) {
            return;
        }
        //判断当前有没有正在播放的item
        if (self.player.currentItem) {
            //移除观察者
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status"];
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges"];
        }
        //创建一个item
        AVPlayerItem *item =[AVPlayerItem playerItemWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
        //观察item的加载状态
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        //替换当前item
        [self.player replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem:item];
        //播放完成后自动跳到下一首
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(nextMusic) name:AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification object:nil];
    
    }
    
    // 播放本地歌曲
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithFilePath:(NSString *)musicFilePath
    {
        //判断当前有没有正在播放的item
        if (self.player.currentItem) {
            //移除观察者
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status"];
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges"];
        }
        //创建一个item
        AVPlayerItem *item =[AVPlayerItem playerItemWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:musicFilePath]];
        
        //观察item的加载状态
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        //替换当前item
        [self.player replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem:item];
        //播放完成后自动跳到下一首
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]addObserver:self selector:@selector(nextMusic) name:AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification object:nil];
    }
    

    再写相关私有方法

    #pragma mark - 私有方法
    // 获取当前时间
    - (NSInteger)fetchCurrentTime
    {
        CMTime time = self.player.currentItem.currentTime;
        if (time.timescale == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        return time.value/time.timescale;
    }
    
    // 获取总时间时间
    - (NSInteger)fetchTotalTime
    {
        CMTime time = self.player.currentItem.duration;
        if (time.timescale == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        return time.value/time.timescale;
    }
    
    // 获取当前播放进度
    - (CGFloat)fetchProgressValue
    {
        return [self fetchCurrentTime]/(CGFloat)[self fetchTotalTime];
    }
    
    // 获取缓冲进度
    - (float)availableDuration
    {
        NSArray *loadedTimeRanges = [[self.player currentItem] loadedTimeRanges];
        CMTimeRange timeRange = [loadedTimeRanges.firstObject CMTimeRangeValue];// 获取缓冲区域
        float startSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.start);
        float durationSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.duration);
        float result = startSeconds + durationSeconds;// 计算缓冲总进度
        return result;
    }
    
    //将秒数转化成类似00:00的格式,用于界面显示
    - (NSString *)changeSecondsTime:(NSInteger)time
    {
        NSInteger min =time/60;
        NSInteger seconds =time % 60;
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2ld:%.2ld",min,seconds];
    }
    

    监听响应

    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context
    {
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"status"]) {
            AVPlayerItemStatus status =[change[@"new"]integerValue];//change为string类型
            switch (status) {
                case AVPlayerItemStatusUnknown:
                    NSLog(@"未知错误");
                    break;
                case AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay:
                    //调用播放方法
                    [self.player play];
                    break;
                case AVPlayerItemStatusFailed:{
                    NSLog(@"错误");
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    break;
            }
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"loadedTimeRanges"]) {
            float timeInterval= [self availableDuration];
            NSInteger totalDuration = [self fetchTotalTime];
            NSLog(@"==%f", timeInterval / totalDuration);
        }
    }
    

    由于始终要刷新界面的进度条,所以我们要创建一个timer来时刻返回当前的时间。这里我用的是代理模式。同时加两个开关定时器的私有方法。

    // timer懒加载
    - (NSTimer *)timer {
        if (!_timer) {
            _timer =[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        }
        return _timer;
    }
    
    //定时器方法
    - (void)timerAction {
        if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:currentTime:progress:)]) {
            //1.总时间  2.当期时间 3.当前进度
            NSString *totalTime = [self changeSecondsTime:[self fetchTotalTime]];//总时间
            NSString *currentTime =[self changeSecondsTime:[self fetchCurrentTime]];//当前时间
            CGFloat progress = [self fetchProgressValue];
            
            [self.delegate playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:totalTime  currentTime:currentTime  progress:progress];
        }
    }
    
    //开启定时器
    - (void)startTimer
    {
        [self.timer fire];
    }
    
    //关闭定时器
    - (void)closeTimer
    {
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;  //置空
    }
    

    最后完成剩下的方法

    // 暂停
    - (void)pasuseMusic
    {
        [self.player pause];
        [self closeTimer];
    }
    
    // 播放
    - (void)playMusic
    {
        [self.player play];
        [self startTimer];
    }
    
    //快进快退
    - (void)playMusicWithSliderValue:(CGFloat)peogress{
        //滑动之前 先暂停音乐
        [self pasuseMusic];
        [self.player seekToTime:CMTimeMake([self fetchTotalTime] * peogress, 1) completionHandler:^(BOOL finished) {
            if (finished) {
                //活动结束继续播放
                [self playMusic];
            }
        }];
    }
    

    好了,到这边所有的方法都完成了。我把代码全部再贴上。
    .h文件

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
    
    @protocol YQPlayerManagerDelegate <NSObject>
    // 传递播放时间总时间等信息
    -(void)playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:(NSString *)totalTime currentTime:(NSString *)currentTime progress:(CGFloat)progress;
    // 传递播放的进度百分比
    - (void)playManagerDelegateFetchLoadedTimeRanges:(CGFloat)loadPercent;
    // 下一首歌
    - (void)playNextMusic;
    @end
    
    @interface YQPlayerManager : NSObject
    
    @property (nonatomic, weak) id <YQPlayerManagerDelegate> delegate;
    
    //单例
    + (instancetype)sharedPlayerManager;
    
    //暂停
    - (void)pasuseMusic;
    
    //播放
    - (void)playMusic;
    
    //准备去播放
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithUrl:(NSString *)url;
    
    //本地播放方法
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithFilePath:(NSString *)musicFilePath;
    
    //快进快退方法
    - (void)playMusicWithSliderValue:(CGFloat)peogress;
    @end
    

    .m文件

    #import "YQPlayerManager.h"
    
    @interface YQPlayerManager()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) AVPlayer *player;
    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *timer;
    @end
    
    @implementation YQPlayerManager
    
    // timer懒加载
    - (NSTimer *)timer {
        if (!_timer) {
            _timer =[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
        }
        return _timer;
    }
    
    //定时器方法
    - (void)timerAction {
        if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:currentTime:progress:)]) {
            //1.总时间  2.当期时间 3.当前进度
            NSString *totalTime = [self changeSecondsTime:[self fetchTotalTime]];//总时间
            NSString *currentTime =[self changeSecondsTime:[self fetchCurrentTime]];//当前时间
            CGFloat progress = [self fetchProgressValue];
            [self.delegate playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:totalTime  currentTime:currentTime  progress:progress];
        }
    }
    
    //开启定时器
    - (void)startTimer
    {
        [self.timer fire];
    }
    
    //关闭定时器
    - (void)closeTimer
    {
        [self.timer invalidate];
        self.timer = nil;  //置空
    }
    
    
    //player懒加载
    - (AVPlayer *)player
    {
        if (_player == nil) {
            _player = [[AVPlayer alloc] init];
        }
        return _player;
    }
    
    
    //单例
    + (instancetype)sharedPlayerManager {
        static YQPlayerManager *handle = nil;
        static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
        dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
            handle = [[YQPlayerManager alloc] init];
        });
        return handle;
    }
    
    // 暂停
    - (void)pasuseMusic
    {
        [self.player pause];
        [self closeTimer];
    }
    
    // 播放
    - (void)playMusic
    {
        [self.player play];
        [self startTimer];
    }
    
    // 播放网络歌曲
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithUrl:(NSString *)url
    {
        if (!url) {
            return;
        }
        //判断当前有没有正在播放的item
        if (self.player.currentItem) {
            //移除观察者
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status"];
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges"];
        }
        //创建一个item
        AVPlayerItem *item =[AVPlayerItem playerItemWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];
        //观察item的加载状态
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        //替换当前item
        [self.player replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem:item];
        //播放完成后自动跳到下一首
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(nextMusic) name:AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification object:nil];
    
    }
    
    // 播放本地歌曲
    - (void)prepareToPlayMusicWithFilePath:(NSString *)musicFilePath
    {
        //判断当前有没有正在播放的item
        if (self.player.currentItem) {
            //移除观察者
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status"];
            [self.player.currentItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges"];
        }
        //创建一个item
        AVPlayerItem *item =[AVPlayerItem playerItemWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:musicFilePath]];
        
        //观察item的加载状态
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"status" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        [item addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"loadedTimeRanges" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        //替换当前item
        [self.player replaceCurrentItemWithPlayerItem:item];
        //播放完成后自动跳到下一首
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]addObserver:self selector:@selector(nextMusic) name:AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification object:nil];
    }
    
    //快进快退
    - (void)playMusicWithSliderValue:(CGFloat)peogress{
        //滑动之前 先暂停音乐
        [self pasuseMusic];
        [self.player seekToTime:CMTimeMake([self fetchTotalTime] * peogress, 1) completionHandler:^(BOOL finished) {
            if (finished) {
                //活动结束继续播放
                [self playMusic];
            }
        }];
    }
    
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context
    {
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"status"]) {
            AVPlayerItemStatus status =[change[@"new"]integerValue];//change为string类型
            switch (status) {
                case AVPlayerItemStatusUnknown:
                    NSLog(@"未知错误");
                    break;
                case AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay:
                    // 调用播放方法 
                    // 注意这里要改成[self playMusic];而不是还是原来的[self.player play],否则无法开启定时器!!!
                    [self playMusic];
                    break;
                case AVPlayerItemStatusFailed:{
                    NSLog(@"错误");
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    break;
            }
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"loadedTimeRanges"]) {
            float timeInterval= [self availableDuration];
            NSInteger totalDuration = [self fetchTotalTime];
            float percent = timeInterval /totalDuration;
            if (percent > 1) {
                percent = 1;
            }
            if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(playManagerDelegateFetchLoadedTimeRanges:)]) {
                [self.delegate playManagerDelegateFetchLoadedTimeRanges:percent];
            }
        }
    }
    
    #pragma mark - 私有方法
    - (void)nextMusic
    {
        if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(playNextMusic)]) {
            [self.delegate playNextMusic];
        }
    }
    
    // 获取当前时间
    - (NSInteger)fetchCurrentTime
    {
        CMTime time = self.player.currentItem.currentTime;
        if (time.timescale == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        return time.value/time.timescale;
    }
    
    // 获取总时间时间
    - (NSInteger)fetchTotalTime
    {
        CMTime time = self.player.currentItem.duration;
        if (time.timescale == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        return time.value/time.timescale;
    }
    
    // 获取当前播放进度
    - (CGFloat)fetchProgressValue
    {
        return [self fetchCurrentTime]/(CGFloat)[self fetchTotalTime];
    }
    
    // 获取缓冲进度
    - (float)availableDuration
    {
        NSArray *loadedTimeRanges = [[self.player currentItem] loadedTimeRanges];
        CMTimeRange timeRange = [loadedTimeRanges.firstObject CMTimeRangeValue];// 获取缓冲区域
        float startSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.start);
        float durationSeconds = CMTimeGetSeconds(timeRange.duration);
        float result = startSeconds + durationSeconds;// 计算缓冲总进度
        return result;
    }
    
    //将秒数转化成类似00:00的格式,用于界面显示
    - (NSString *)changeSecondsTime:(NSInteger)time
    {
        NSInteger min =time/60;
        NSInteger seconds =time % 60;
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2ld:%.2ld",min,seconds];
    }
    

    3.使用管理器

    在视图控制器中使用,上代码:

    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        YQPlayerManager *manager = [YQPlayerManager sharedPlayerManager];
        [manager prepareToPlayMusicWithUrl:@"http://m2.music.126.net/lpeVipLJshTxA-T7xjFI2g==/1046735069650768.mp3"];
        manager.delegate = self;
    }
    
    -  (void)playManagerDelegateFetchTotalTime:(NSString *)totalTime currentTime:(NSString *)currentTime progress:(CGFloat)progress
    {
        NSLog(@"%@---%@---%f", totalTime, currentTime, progress);
    }
    
    - (void)playManagerDelegateFetchLoadedTimeRanges:(CGFloat)loadPercent
    {
        NSLog(@"%f", loadPercent);
    }
    
    - (void)playNextMusic
    {
        NSLog(@"playNextMusic");
    }
    

    结果:

    结果展示.gif

    最后

    到这里就全部搞定了,喜欢的点个赞呗~

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