Day 1 Words and Phrases
level
1.N-COUNT Alevelis a point on a scale, for example, a scale of amount, quality, or difficulty. 水平
例：We do have the lowest level of inflation for some years.
我们几年来的确保持最低水平的通货膨胀。
2.N-SING Thelevelof a river, lake, or ocean or thelevelof liquid in a container is the height of its surface. 水位
例：The water level of the Mississippi River is already 6.5 feet below normal.
密西西比河的水位已经比正常水位低6.5英尺。
3.→ see alsosea level
4.N-SINGIf something is at a particularlevel, it is at that height. 水平高度
例：Liz sank down until the water came up to her chin and the bubbles were at eye level.
莉兹下沉直到水漫到她的下巴，泡沫到了她眼睛的高度。
5.N-COUNTAlevelof a building is one of its different storeys, which is situated above or below other storeys. 层
例：Thurlow and Brown's rooms were on the second level, to the rear of the building.
瑟洛和布朗的房间都在大楼背面的第二层。
6.N-COUNT[美国英语]→seespirit level
7.ADJIf one thing islevelwithanother thing, it is at the same height as it. 与…等高的[v-link ADJ]
例：He leaned over the counter so his face was almost level with the boy's.
他俯在柜台上，这样他的脸几乎和那男孩的脸一样高。
8.ADJWhen something islevel, it is completely flat with no part higher than any other. 平坦的
例：The floor was level, but the ceiling sloped toward his head.
地面平平坦坦，但是天花板向他的头部倾斜。
9.ADVIf you drawlevelwith someone or something, you get closer to them until you are by their side. 接近[ADV after v]
例：Just before we drew level with the gates, he slipped out of the jeep and disappeared.
就在我们快接近大门口时，他溜出吉普车不见了。
10.ADJLevelis also an adjective. 接近的[v-link ADJ]
例：He waited until they were level with the door before he pivoted around sharply and punched Graham hard.
他等他们接近门口时才一个急转身用拳头猛揍格雷厄姆。
11.V-TIf someone or something such as a violent stormlevelsa building or area of land, they destroy it completely or make it completely flat. 夷平
例：The storm was the most powerful to hit Hawaii this century. It levelled sugar plantations and destroyed homes.
这是本世纪袭击夏威夷最猛烈的暴风雨。它夷平了甘蔗种植园，也摧毁了家园。
12.V-TIf an accusation or criticismislevelledatsomeone, they are accused of doing wrong or they are criticized for something they have done. (指责或批评) 针对
例：Allegations of corruption were levelled at him and his family.
对腐败的指控是针对他和他的家人的。
13.a level playing field →seeplaying field
level the playing field 创造公平竞争环境
level the paying field 创造公平支付环境
shake up摇匀；重组；震动
startup
n.the act of setting in operation
"repeated shutdowns and startups are expensive"
the act of starting a new operation or practice
"the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes"
同义词：inauguration
levelling the paying field
来源：levelling the playing field
Incommerce, a level playing field is a concept about fairness, not that eachplayer has an equal chance to succeed, but that they all play by the same setof rules. Ina game played on a playing field, such as rugby, one team would have an unfairadvantage if the field had a slope. Since some real-life playing fields do infact have slopes, it is customary for teams to swap ends of the playing fieldat half time.
Ametaphorical playing field is said to be level if no external interferenceaffects the ability of the players to compete fairly.
transaction
n.交易；事务；办理；会报，学报
N-COUNT A transaction is a piece of
business, for example, an act of buying or selling something.
mortgage
vt.抵押
n.抵押；房屋抵押贷款
1.N-COUNT A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or savings and loan association in order to buya house.房屋 抵押贷款
2.V-T If you mortgage your house orland, you use it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them.抵押
predetermine
vt.预先确定；预先决定；预先查明
.V to determine beforehand预先决定
overdraw
vt.透支；拉过度；夸张 vi.透支；夸张
.V to draw on (a bank account) in
excess of the credit balance透支(银行账户)
nudge（上篇文章重点单词）
n.推动；用肘轻推；没完没了抱怨的人
vt.推进；用肘轻推；向…不停地唠叨
vi.轻推；推进；唠叨
1.V-T If you nudge someone, you push them gently, usually with your elbow, in order to draw their attention to something. (常用肘为引起注意)轻推
2.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun. (用肘)轻推
3.V-T If you nudge someone or something into a place or position, you gently push them there
.把…轻轻地推动
4.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun.轻轻的推动
5.V-T If you nudge someone into doing something, you gently persuade them to do it.好言说服
6.N-COUNT Nudge is also a noun.说服
To date至今；迄今为止
dire
adj.可怕的；悲惨的；极端的
[比较级direr最高级direst ]
1.ADJ Dire is used to emphasize how serious or terrible a situation or event is.
严重的;可怕的强调
2.ADJ If you describe something as dire, you are emphasizing that it is of very low quality.
质量低劣的
in dire need of adv. 急需
dire straits恐怖海峡（英国一乐队）
retail banking 零售银行业务
Retail banking is when a bank executestransactions directly with consumers, rather than corporations or other banks.Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages,personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards.
unscathed
adj.未受伤的
If you are unscathed after a dangerous experience, you have not been injured or harmed by it.未受伤的;未受伤害的
mount
vt.增加；爬上；使骑上马；安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）
vi.爬；增加；上升
n.山峰；底座；乘骑用马；攀，登；运载工具；底座
v.登上；骑上
1.V-T If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.组织;发动
2.V-I If something mounts, it increases in intensity.增强
3.V-I If something mounts, it increases in quantity.增加
4.PHRASAL VERB To mount up means the same as to .增加
5.V-T If you mount the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform.登上
6.V-T If you mount a horse or motorcycle, you climb on to it so that you can ride it.骑上
7.V-T If you mount an object on something, you fix it there firmly.安装
8.COMB in ADJ安装在…上的–mounted
9.V-T If you mount an exhibition or display, you organize and present it.举办
10.N-IN-NAMES Mount is used as part of the name of a mountain. (冠于山名之前)山
例 .Mount Everest.…珠穆朗玛峰。
11.N a backing, setting, or support onto which something is fixed (固定东西的)背板;底座;支架
conspicuously
adv.显著地，明显地；超群地，惹人注目地
in a manner that tending to attract attention
incumbent
adj.现任的；依靠的；负有职责的
n.在职者；现任者；领圣俸者
1.N-COUNT An incumbent is someone whoholds an official post at a particular time.在职者
2. ADJ Incumbent is also an adjective.在职的
3.ADJ If it is incumbent on or upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
有责任履行的
resilient
adj.弹回的，有弹力的
adj.能复原的；有复原力的
1. Something that is resilient is strong and not easily damaged by being hit, stretched, or squeezed.
有弹性的
同义词：springy / rubbery
2.N-UNCOUNT弹性resilience
3.ADJ People and things that are resilient are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events.立即复原的
4.N-UNCOUNT 复原能力 resilience
cumbersome
adj.笨重的；累赘的；难处理的
1.ADJSomething that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle.笨重的
2.ADJ A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.不方便的;缺乏效率的
explicit
adj.明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的
1.ADJ Something that is explicit is expressed or shown clearly and openly, without any attempt to hide anything.明确表达的;公开显露的
2.ADV明确表达地;公开显露地 explicitly
3.ADJ If you are explicit about something, you speak about it very openly and clearly.直言不讳的
4.ADV直言不讳地explicitly
authentication
n.证明；鉴定；证实
user authentication用户认证；用户身分鉴定
authentication code标识代码；鉴别代码；认证码
authentication and authorization鉴别与授权；验证和授权
rock-bottom
adj.底层的；最低的
n.最低点
1.N-UNCOUNT If something has reached rock bottom, it is at such a low level that it cannot go any lower.最低谷
2.ADJ A rock-bottom price or level isa very low one, mainly in advertisements.底线的(价格、水平)表赞许
consultancy
n.咨询公司；顾问工作
1.N-COUNT A consultancy is a companythat gives expert advice on a particular subject.咨询公司
2.N-UNCOUNT Consultancy is expertadvice on a particular subject which a person or group is paid to provide to a
company or organization.咨询
dump pipe 笨管道，哑管道
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
With regard to amobile network operator(MNO, oroperator), the term dumb pipe, ordumb network, refers to a network that is used simply to transfer bytes between the customer's device and theInternet, while being completely neutral with regard to the services and applications the customer accesses. The use of the term "dumb" refers to the fact that the network operator does not affect the customer's accessibility of the Internet such as by either limiting the available services or applications to its own proprietary portal (like awalled garden) or offer additional capabilities and services beyond simple connectivity (like asmart pipe, the term with which it contrasts). A dumb pipe primarily provides simple bandwidth and network speed.Among the commonly understood operational models for aMNOare the dumb pipe, thesmart pipe, and thewalled garden.
dump
vt.倾倒；倾卸；丢下，卸下；摆脱，扔弃；倾销
vi.倒垃圾；突然跌倒或落下；卸货；转嫁（责任等）
n.垃圾场；仓库；无秩序地累积
1. If you dump something somewhere, you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly.
2. If something is dumped somewhere, it is put or left there because it is no longer wanted or needed.
3.N-UNCOUNT倾倒;丢弃 dumping
4.To dump something such as an idea, policy, or practice means to stop supporting or using it.
抛弃(念头、政策或惯例)
liability
n.责任；债务；倾向；可能性；不利因素
legitimate
adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的
vt.使合法；认为正当（等于legitimize）
robust
adj.强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的
1.Someone or something that is robust is very strong or healthy.健壮的
2.Robust views or opinions are strongly held and forcefully expressed.强有力的(观点、见解)
water down在…中搀水冲淡；稀释
1.PHRASAL
VERB If you water down a substance, such as food or drink, you add water to itto make it weaker.掺水稀释
2.PHRASALVERB If something such as a proposal, speech, or statement is watered down, it is made much weaker and less forceful, or less likely to make people angry.降低声调;缓和语气
bare one's teeth露出凶相 张牙舞爪
invoice
n.账单，发货单，收款请求
vt.开发票；记清单
1.N-COUNT An invoice is a documentthat lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and
says how much money you owe for them.费用清单;发票
2.V-T If you invoice someone, you sendthem a bill for goods or services you have provided them with.给…开具发票
entrant
n.进入者；新会员；参加竞赛者；新工作者
1.N-COUNT An entrant is a person whois taking part in a competition.参赛者
2.N-COUNT An entrant is a person orcompany who has recently become a member of an institution or market.新成员
Day 2 Logical lines & 神句神词组
笃学奖--Topic 2--B19207--Levelling the paying field
【神句】结合笃师讲解
1. New European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
欧洲的支付新规可能会改组银行
新出台的欧洲支付法规有可能会给银行业带来巨大冲击
Shake up 一般指带来重大改变,Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.
(建议转化为active储备)
2. European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
欧洲将为立一系列分析交易的创新服务规则提供机会
欧洲法规将给交易分析相关的创新服务带来更多机遇
to give someone new opportunities (sometimes + for ) The success of that film opened new doors for him. (sometimes + to ) Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
3. Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
顾客不再需要跟银行打交道
客户几乎都不需要通过银行。
如果这边一定把interact翻成与银行互动,就略显死板了。大家都习惯了互联网金融，那很多事情就不需要通过银行啦~提醒大家双向思考，当你要表达“不需要通过银行”的时候，能否想起interact with the bank这么地道的用法呢？
4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
值得注意的是欧洲零售银行业务在技术驱动干扰下毫发未损
技术带来的变革对欧洲零售银行业产生的影响微乎其微。
欧洲零售银行业几乎并没有受到技术变革的影响。
两句一个意思，第二句形式上更吻合原句，但第一句通过化被动为主动，突出了核心信息remarkably unscathed几乎毫发无伤。所以，翻译并没有完美的答案，只能无限接近而已~
另外,disruption真的是时下太过火爆的热词，比较普遍的译法是：颠覆。
Retail banking, also known as consumer banking, is the provision of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
金融网络业务公司面临挑战，特别是北欧线上支付业务。但在欧洲其他地方发展更加受限。
互联网金融公司已经开始发起挑战，尤其是在北欧线上支付领域。但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多。
我看到群里很多同学对mount a challenge表示不解，记住这个常见搭配，表达的意思就是发起挑战，构成威胁。我要提醒大家的是最后那里的reach,用作名词时候和influence一个意思,用来表达影响的范围，简短好用，建议化作积极储备。
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而，监管部门已着手开始改变目前局势
然而，监管部门即将改变这一现状。
landscape原意是风景，景色，地貌，此处也是暗喻的用法，衍生为局面，局势。
Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
银行牢牢把控客户信息并由此获利
牢牢把控支付领域使得银行轻而易举就能赚钱。
lockhold难住了很多同学，这种用法很少见，大家作为被动词汇即可。 lock锁住， hold紧握，加在一起就是牢牢把控的意思，同样需要大家联想体会哦。倒是后面的handy这一形容词值得重视，表示就在手边，方便容易，唾手可得，联想它的原形hand好好体会一下。
8. Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
对此的抵抗表现在数据保护担忧方面，金融科技的支持者认为此类担忧虽合理但只是银行躲避竞争的好借口
抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧，这是合情合理的。但互联网金融的支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
尽管顾客对银行抱怨不停，他们仍选择相信它并把钱存进去
尽管客户怨声载道，但他们依然更信任把钱放在银行。
For all 表示尽管，虽然，等于despite. Eg. For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy to read.
【神词组】
become overdrawn: 透支
nudge them to save more：促使他们节省
鼓励他们增加储蓄
have easy access to: 便于……
kick-start competition: 发动 引发 竞争
give explicit consent：明确同意
one-click bank transfer: 一键转帐
low-value payments: 小额支付
tighten up security: 加强安全
guide them toward: 引导他们…
rich data: 完善 丰富 的数据
leave them in a weaker position: 使他们处于下风 不利地位
robust data-protection system: 强大的数据保护系统
insured against losses from fraud: 投保以防欺诈造成的损失
perfect on paper: 看起来不错
理论完美！暗示实际操作起来可能困难重重。
team up with: 与….合作
exploit newcomers’ technology: 利用后来者的技术
Day 3 总结
文章通过PSD2这个关键点来对两大支付平台--银行和金融技术公司进行描述。首先对零售银行业务未被psd2影响前的情况进行概述，然后对PSD2进行介绍，进而介绍其对银行和金融公司的不同影响，最后也提及两者对此如何应对。第一遍对文章扫词整理时真是一个头两个大，本身不是学习经济和金融领域的，只好在涉及一些专业名词情况下多问度娘。对我这种不怎么了解金融方面的小白来说文章只看一遍是绝对看不透的，而且因为第一篇文章是用电脑进行的知识点和作业整理，这次我就选择先写在本子上，然后再整理到简书，俗话说呀，好记性不如烂笔头嘛，感觉最原始的方法可以记得更牢固扎实。在听笃师语音讲解对照自己的进行修改和整理的过程中感觉读文章过程中的疑问都一步一步地扫清了，对题目的把握，文章脉络的分析，整体内容的概括，讲解得特别清晰。特别是lockhold这个词困住我的时候（词典和网上都找不到），笃师和其他同学的帮助让我彻底理解了这个词在文中的含义。
金融科技听起来比较神秘，细说起来其实就在我们身边。所谓金融科技是指企业运用科技手段提供更有效率的金融服务。手机银行、保险公司甚至传统的银行，都能给客户提供此类服务。便利化和智能化是金融科技公司的“卖点”。新金融科技公司的崛起有其必然性。随着互联网的普及，各种网上商业和社交活动不断拓展，现代人越来越习惯在网上建立身份认证，使得在网上开展对交易隐私性具有较高要求的金融活动成为可能。较之传统银行，新金融科技公司有其独特优势。一是网络商业与社交活动形成的海量数字信息，被许多网络平台收集，并据此对人们的行为模式和日常偏好进行分析，形成相对于传统银行的信息优势；二是区块链等新网络技术为网络金融活动提供了技术基础，可大幅降低互联网金融服务的成本，并显著改善用户体验。
随着以大数据、云计算等为代表的新兴互联网技术在金融领域的应用，行业也迎来了新一轮的金融科技革命。传统金融机构应该加快转型步伐，从内部管理和经营策略进行重要调整。在过去，传统银行或许还能将互联网作为业务和渠道的补充，填补其服务的空白。但在未来，数字渠道将逐渐成为客户的首选，竞争者将利用互联网不断推进资金端和资产端业务的创新，推动金融交易的全面互联网化。因此，传统银行必须明确互联网化转型的战略定位，完善互联网交易型银行的组织架构和资源整合。在“互联网+”时代，各行各业间的边界日渐模糊，所有的产品开发都将以客户需求为中心，而所有的服务入口会进一步整合，金融服务将嵌入各类高频交易场景，随时随地满足客户的资产和资金需求。因此，传统银行必须深化与各类渠道和场景的外部合作，积极展开同业合作和异业联盟。未来，互联网交易型银行业务大量、高频、碎片化的特点也对传统银行的IT战略部署提出了更高的要求。而建立线上交易平台和大数据动态风控体系所需要的技术支撑，对于银行而言将是非常巨大的成本投入。为提高IT系统的灵活性和开放性，传统银行应使用基于云计算的服务实施其IT部署。另一方面，线上化的大数据风控的实现，也需要银行加强与外部的数据和技术合作。金融科技革命的确让银行业陷入了动荡。但不可否认的是银行依旧拥有一些重要的优势，只要它们能够快速采取行动来应对新挑战，它们就不会在重要的领域轻易被取而代之。
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