-2,前言
最近我们公司突然开始涉足react-native开发,老实说,我内心是拒绝的。其一,是因为目前我对于原生开发还不够精通,不想突然转向,其二是因为react-native目前还没有1.0的正式版本,仍然处于探索期不稳定。其三,我特么开发react-native用的是windows啊,人家facebook的工程师开发这玩儿用的都是mac。看在工资的份儿上,我开始探索react-native。
-1,解释说明
- 说实话,一开始就上这么难的话题,我也是没办法。关于环境集成,跑demo等等遇到的这些坑,虽然积攒了一点经验,但是很多时候,我是懵逼的,所以总结这些经验而不说出问题的根源,不去探究为什么,这不是我的风格。而通信机制则是一整套严肃的设计,知根知底,而且随着对于原理的深究,以后对于问题的根源就会更加明了(不过windows环境下还是不要立这种flag比较好)。
- 其次,作为react-native的菜鸟,我驾驭这个问题是有一些难度的,但是,这也正好是另一种优势,那就是,我能以一个react-native的菜鸟的角度,去解释Java与js的通信机制,应该是对于刚接触react-native的原生开发的工程师更加友好。
- 最后,我在探究这个问题的过程中,找到了很多很棒的博文,比如其实没那么复杂!探究react-native通信机制等,对于这些前辈,我只有献上自己的膝盖。 我目前用的RN的最新版本,而他们的版本应该是有点老,因此代码其实跟上面的作者分析有出入。
0,铺垫
首先我们要明白以下几点:
- 在react-native中的通信,主要是Java与JavaScript之间的通信,而实际上,Java与Js之间是根本没办法直接对话的,别看他们看起来好像是亲戚,实际上他们的关系就相当于雷锋和雷峰塔的关系
- 那么Java和Js之间想要能听懂对方的话,有两个必备条件:
- 双方的信息要能够传达到对方那里去,就是,先不管听不听的懂 ,你首先要把话传过去
- 信息传达前需要经过翻译,才能被接受方正确理解。
- 第一个条件的解决方案是通过C++来做这个传话筒,Java通过JNI来call到c++层,然后c++层再把信息传到js,反之亦然;第二个条件的解决方案就是通过在初始化的时候构造两本“词典”,约定好以后说话只说对方的“词典”上的单词。
所以我们的问题其实只有两点:那就是集中精力观察“词典”是怎么传递到双方手里的,以及两方是怎么传递数据的。
1,开篇
1.1,Java传递“词典”
首先,对于词典还是正确解释一下,它是某种config,某种配置文件,每次Java层收到js层传来的的信息,都会读取这个文件,然后才能理解Java层的意思。Java层也是一样。他们对应RN的代码的类分别是:NativeModuleRegistry和JavaScriptModuleRegistry
初始化的开端源自ReactActivity,这是react-native中的类,它的onCreate()方法中是这么做的:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (getUseDeveloperSupport() && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
// Get permission to show redbox in dev builds.
if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);
startActivity(serviceIntent);
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE);
Toast.makeText(this, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
mReactRootView = createRootView();
//这是最重要的一步
mReactRootView.startReactApplication(
getReactNativeHost().getReactInstanceManager(),
getMainComponentName(),
getLaunchOptions());
setContentView(mReactRootView);
mDoubleTapReloadRecognizer = new DoubleTapReloadRecognizer();
}
mRootView是一个layout,继承自FrameLayout,一切的js渲染从这个Layout上开始,它的startReactApplication()方法如下:
public void startReactApplication(
ReactInstanceManager reactInstanceManager,
String moduleName,
@Nullable Bundle launchOptions) {
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
// TODO(6788889): Use POJO instead of bundle here, apparently we can't just use WritableMap
// here as it may be deallocated in native after passing via JNI bridge, but we want to reuse
// it in the case of re-creating the catalyst instance
Assertions.assertCondition(
mReactInstanceManager == null,
"This root view has already been attached to a catalyst instance manager");
mReactInstanceManager = reactInstanceManager;
mJSModuleName = moduleName;
mLaunchOptions = launchOptions;
//这是关键
if (!mReactInstanceManager.hasStartedCreatingInitialContext()) {
mReactInstanceManager.createReactContextInBackground();
}
// We need to wait for the initial onMeasure, if this view has not yet been measured, we set which
// will make this view startReactApplication itself to instance manager once onMeasure is called.
if (mWasMeasured) {
attachToReactInstanceManager();
}
}
这里有一个ReactInstanceManager,它的作用就是管理CatalystInstance的实例,CatalystInstance是什么?这是一个上层抽象的调用接口),Java和Js都可以通过这个去调用对方,当然,那两个类都是抽象的,实际上都是通过它们的XXXXImpl类来实现具体的功能。
那么我们接着往下,注意我们的目的:了解初始化时如何传递那两本“词典”的,mReactInstanceManager.createReactContextInBackground();这个方法就直接调用到了它的实现类:XReactInstanceManagerImpl中的createReactContextInBackground然后接下来的流程就是:
createReactContextInBackground()------> recreateReactContextInBackgroundInner(); -------> recreateReactContextInBackgroundFromBundleLoader(); ---------> recreateReactContextInBackground() ;
到了recreateReactContextInBackground()这个方法大概是这样的:
private void recreateReactContextInBackground(
JavaScriptExecutor.Factory jsExecutorFactory,
JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader) {
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
//构造参数
ReactContextInitParams initParams =
new ReactContextInitParams(jsExecutorFactory, jsBundleLoader);
if (mReactContextInitAsyncTask == null) {
// No background task to create react context is currently running, create and execute one.
//执行了一个AsyncTask.......
mReactContextInitAsyncTask = new ReactContextInitAsyncTask();
mReactContextInitAsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, initParams);
} else {
// Background task is currently running, queue up most recent init params to recreate context
// once task completes.
mPendingReactContextInitParams = initParams;
}
}
好我们接下来看这个线程内部的细节,重点看doInBackground()这个方法:
@Override
protected Result<ReactApplicationContext> doInBackground(ReactContextInitParams... params) {
// TODO(t11687218): Look over all threading
// Default priority is Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND which means we'll be put in a cgroup
// that only has access to a small fraction of CPU time. The priority will be reset after
// this task finishes: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/
d630f105e8bc0021541aacb4dc6498a49048ecea/core/java/android/os/AsyncTask.java#256
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT);
Assertions.assertCondition(params != null && params.length > 0 && params[0] != null);
try {
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor = params[0].getJsExecutorFactory().create();
//createReactContext()这个方法被执行
return Result.of(createReactContext(jsExecutor, params[0].getJsBundleLoader()));
} catch (Exception e) {
// Pass exception to onPostExecute() so it can be handled on the main thread
return Result.of(e);
}
}
接下去看createReactContext(jsExecutor, params[0].getJsBundleLoader())这个方法:
/**
* @return instance of {@link ReactContext} configured a {@link CatalystInstance} set
*/
private ReactApplicationContext createReactContext(
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader) {
FLog.i(ReactConstants.TAG, "Creating react context.");
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_REACT_CONTEXT_START);
mSourceUrl = jsBundleLoader.getSourceUrl();
//你瞧,之前提到的两本“词典”,他们的Builder已经露面了。
NativeModuleRegistry.Builder nativeRegistryBuilder = new NativeModuleRegistry.Builder();
JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder jsModulesBuilder = new JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder();
final ReactApplicationContext reactContext = new ReactApplicationContext(mApplicationContext);
if (mUseDeveloperSupport) {
reactContext.setNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler(mDevSupportManager);
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(PROCESS_PACKAGES_START);
Systrace.beginSection(
TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE,
"createAndProcessCoreModulesPackage");
try {
//CoreModulesPackage里面定义了RN框架核心的一些Java和JS的module
//通过processPackage()方法写入到两本“词典”的Builder中
CoreModulesPackage coreModulesPackage =
new CoreModulesPackage(this, mBackBtnHandler, mUIImplementationProvider);
processPackage(coreModulesPackage, reactContext, nativeRegistryBuilder, jsModulesBuilder);
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}
// TODO(6818138): Solve use-case of native/js modules overriding
//这里是开发者自己定义或封装的一些组件或者事件的package
for (ReactPackage reactPackage : mPackages) {
Systrace.beginSection(
TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE,
"createAndProcessCustomReactPackage");
try {
processPackage(reactPackage, reactContext, nativeRegistryBuilder, jsModulesBuilder);
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(PROCESS_PACKAGES_END);
ReactMarker.logMarker(BUILD_NATIVE_MODULE_REGISTRY_START);
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "buildNativeModuleRegistry");
NativeModuleRegistry nativeModuleRegistry;
try {
//好了,创建了用于翻译Java端的“词典”
nativeModuleRegistry = nativeRegistryBuilder.build();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(BUILD_NATIVE_MODULE_REGISTRY_END);
}
NativeModuleCallExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler != null
? mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler
: mDevSupportManager;
CatalystInstanceImpl.Builder catalystInstanceBuilder = new CatalystInstanceImpl.Builder()
.setReactQueueConfigurationSpec(ReactQueueConfigurationSpec.createDefault())
.setJSExecutor(jsExecutor)
.setRegistry(nativeModuleRegistry)
//创建了用于翻译JS端的“词典”
.setJSModuleRegistry(jsModulesBuilder.build())
.setJSBundleLoader(jsBundleLoader)
.setNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler(exceptionHandler);
//到目前为止。两本“词典”都已经创建完毕,而且全部都在CatalystInstance这个类的**实现类的Builder中**,此时你可以回忆一下整个过程,理清一下思路。
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_START);
// CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_END is in JSCExecutor.cpp
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "createCatalystInstance");
final CatalystInstance catalystInstance;
try {
//这个Build()很关键,它用实现类的Builder创建了一个CatalystInstance类。
catalystInstance = catalystInstanceBuilder.build();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_END);
}
if (mBridgeIdleDebugListener != null) {
catalystInstance.addBridgeIdleDebugListener(mBridgeIdleDebugListener);
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(RUN_JS_BUNDLE_START);
try {
catalystInstance.getReactQueueConfiguration().getJSQueueThread().callOnQueue(
new Callable<Void>() {
@Override
public Void call() throws Exception {
reactContext.initializeWithInstance(catalystInstance);
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "runJSBundle");
try {
//在这里就运行js代码说明至少在这个方法之前,“词典”应该传过去了
//于是我们刻印回去聚焦到catalystInstance = catalystInstanceBuilder.build();这段代码
catalystInstance.runJSBundle();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(RUN_JS_BUNDLE_END);
}
return null;
}
}).get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
if (e.getCause() instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) e.getCause();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return reactContext;
}
//将package中的关于Java和js的东西分别添加到两本“词典”的builder中
private void processPackage(
ReactPackage reactPackage,
ReactApplicationContext reactContext,
NativeModuleRegistry.Builder nativeRegistryBuilder,
JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder jsModulesBuilder) {
for (NativeModule nativeModule : reactPackage.createNativeModules(reactContext)) {
nativeRegistryBuilder.add(nativeModule);
}
for (Class<? extends JavaScriptModule> jsModuleClass : reactPackage.createJSModules()) {
jsModulesBuilder.add(jsModuleClass);
}
}
catalystInstanceBuilder.build()这段代码具体实现如下:
public CatalystInstanceImpl build() {
return new CatalystInstanceImpl(
Assertions.assertNotNull(mReactQueueConfigurationSpec),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSExecutor),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mRegistry),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSModuleRegistry),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSBundleLoader),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler));
}
这个方法的作用就是直接new了一个CatalystInstanceImpl类,那么我们接下去看CatalystInstanceImpl类的构造方法:
private CatalystInstanceImpl(
final ReactQueueConfigurationSpec ReactQueueConfigurationSpec,
final JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
final NativeModuleRegistry registry,
final JavaScriptModuleRegistry jsModuleRegistry,
final JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader,
NativeModuleCallExceptionHandler nativeModuleCallExceptionHandler) {
FLog.d(ReactConstants.TAG, "Initializing React Xplat Bridge.");
mHybridData = initHybrid();
mReactQueueConfiguration = ReactQueueConfigurationImpl.create(
ReactQueueConfigurationSpec,
new NativeExceptionHandler());
mBridgeIdleListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
//这个就是Java层要传递给Js层的“词典”
mJavaRegistry = registry;
mJSModuleRegistry = jsModuleRegistry;
mJSBundleLoader = jsBundleLoader;
mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler = nativeModuleCallExceptionHandler;
mTraceListener = new JSProfilerTraceListener(this);
//在这个方法里,就把Java暴露给Js的词典传了进去
initializeBridge(
new BridgeCallback(this),
jsExecutor,
mReactQueueConfiguration.getJSQueueThread(),
mReactQueueConfiguration.getNativeModulesQueueThread(),
//getModuleRegistryHolder()这个方法不过是一种holder,对“词典”做了一些封装。
mJavaRegistry.getModuleRegistryHolder(this));
mMainExecutorToken = getMainExecutorToken();
}
//你瞧,native方法,直接call到C++层,接下来,由C++层通过各种折腾,然后生成某种配置文件,转发到Js端
private native void initializeBridge(ReactCallback callback,
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
MessageQueueThread jsQueue,
MessageQueueThread moduleQueue,
ModuleRegistryHolder registryHolder);
好了,关于“词典”是如何传递过去的,就解释到这里,虽然C++层可能有更多操作,但是目的就是一个,把Java类转化成一个JS读得懂的格式的文件。
那么我们接下来看看C++是如何做好传声筒的
1.2,数据传递过程
初始化完成之后,Java端和Js端都有了“词典”,就可把自己的意图翻译成对方能听得懂的话了,这个时候交流就会畅通了。
1.2.1,Java --> Js
这个问题首先Java层应该做的是找到那本Js的词典,所以我们应该寻找Java层是在哪里调用到了JSModuleRegistry这个类的,
让我们退回到ReactContextInitAsyncTask的doInBackground方法中,在词典传递完毕之后,这个方法基本执行完毕,接下来是
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Result<ReactApplicationContext> result) {
try {
setupReactContext(result.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
mDevSupportManager.handleException(e);
} finally {
mReactContextInitAsyncTask = null;
}
// Handle enqueued request to re-initialize react context.
if (mPendingReactContextInitParams != null) {
recreateReactContextInBackground(
mPendingReactContextInitParams.getJsExecutorFactory(),
mPendingReactContextInitParams.getJsBundleLoader());
mPendingReactContextInitParams = null;
}
}
setupReactContext(result.get())这个方法,然后这个方法又会调用attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance()方法:
private void attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance(
ReactRootView rootView,
CatalystInstance catalystInstance) {
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance");
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
// Reset view content as it's going to be populated by the application content from JS
rootView.removeAllViews();
rootView.setId(View.NO_ID);
UIManagerModule uiManagerModule = catalystInstance.getNativeModule(UIManagerModule.class);
int rootTag = uiManagerModule.addMeasuredRootView(rootView);
rootView.setRootViewTag(rootTag);
@Nullable Bundle launchOptions = rootView.getLaunchOptions();
WritableMap initialProps = Arguments.makeNativeMap(launchOptions);
String jsAppModuleName = rootView.getJSModuleName();
WritableNativeMap appParams = new WritableNativeMap();
appParams.putDouble("rootTag", rootTag);
appParams.putMap("initialProps", initialProps);
//在这里,Java找到了那本Js的“词典”,然后runApplication
catalystInstance.getJSModule(AppRegistry.class).runApplication(jsAppModuleName, appParams);
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}
其实catalystInstance.getJSModule(AppRegistry.class).runApplication(jsAppModuleName, appParams)这段代码比较复杂,首先getJSModule方法具体实现在catalystInstanceImpl中,然后会调用到mJSModuleRegistry.getJavaScriptModule(this, executorToken, jsInterface)中,代码如下:
public synchronized <T extends JavaScriptModule> T getJavaScriptModule(
CatalystInstance instance,
ExecutorToken executorToken,
Class<T> moduleInterface) {
HashMap<Class<? extends JavaScriptModule>, JavaScriptModule> instancesForContext =
mModuleInstances.get(executorToken);
if (instancesForContext == null) {
instancesForContext = new HashMap<>();
mModuleInstances.put(executorToken, instancesForContext);
}
JavaScriptModule module = instancesForContext.get(moduleInterface);
if (module != null) {
return (T) module;
}
JavaScriptModuleRegistration registration =
Assertions.assertNotNull(
mModuleRegistrations.get(moduleInterface),
"JS module " + moduleInterface.getSimpleName() + " hasn't been registered!");
//关键
JavaScriptModule interfaceProxy = (JavaScriptModule) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
moduleInterface.getClassLoader(),
new Class[]{moduleInterface},
new JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(executorToken, instance, registration));
instancesForContext.put(moduleInterface, interfaceProxy);
return (T) interfaceProxy;
}
什么动态代理不用理他,看 new JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(executorToken, instance, registration)这个类:
private static class JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private final WeakReference<ExecutorToken> mExecutorToken;
private final CatalystInstance mCatalystInstance;
private final JavaScriptModuleRegistration mModuleRegistration;
public JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(
ExecutorToken executorToken,
CatalystInstance catalystInstance,
JavaScriptModuleRegistration moduleRegistration) {
mExecutorToken = new WeakReference<>(executorToken);
mCatalystInstance = catalystInstance;
mModuleRegistration = moduleRegistration;
}
//关键
@Override
public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args) throws Throwable {
ExecutorToken executorToken = mExecutorToken.get();
if (executorToken == null) {
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, "Dropping JS call, ExecutorToken went away...");
return null;
}
NativeArray jsArgs = args != null ? Arguments.fromJavaArgs(args) : new WritableNativeArray();
mCatalystInstance.callFunction(
executorToken,
mModuleRegistration.getName(),
method.getName(),
jsArgs
);
return null;
}
}
}
invoke方法通过mCatalystInstance调用了callFunction()方法;不用多想,我们直接在实现类中去找这个方法:
@Override
public void callFunction(
ExecutorToken executorToken,
final String module,
final String method,
final NativeArray arguments) {
if (mDestroyed) {
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, "Calling JS function after bridge has been destroyed.");
return;
}
if (!mAcceptCalls) {
throw new RuntimeException("Attempt to call JS function before JS bundle is loaded.");
}
callJSFunction(executorToken, module, method, arguments);
}
private native void callJSFunction(ExecutorToken token,String module, String method,NativeArray arguments);
callFunction()方法里面调用了callJSFunction()这个本地方法,然后由C++做转发,这个本地方法传递的参数有token,包名,方法名,和参数,
至此,从Java端调用到Js端的过程,到这里可以宣告结束了。
1.2.2,js-->Java
待续。
2,矫正
- 暂无
3,总结
- 首先这里没有分析js端到java端的过程,是因为我目前对于js还不是十分熟悉,目前还没有把我能用自己的话吧这件事说清楚,所以先挖坑,到时候一定填上。
- 从开发的角度来看整个react-native两端通信,其实我们最终是避不开这些框架层的东西的,架构在原生Android的系统之上的js无论如何都是需要和Java沟通的,虽然react-native封装了一些事件和组件,但是假如业务需要而框架没有封装,那你就不得不直面这种通信了。
- 还是原生开发好,windows说。
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