浅复制与深复制

最近在看设计模式，看到原型模式，里面讲到了这两个东西，就顺便来仔细研究一下这个。

怎么说

浅复制：被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有的对其他对象引用对任然指向原来的对象。就是改变原来对象引用值是会同时改变复制出来的对象中的值。
深复制：把引用对象的变量指向复制过的新对象，而不是原有的被引用的对象。简单的说就是把引用中的值也一起复制了。

ICloneable

这个接口是C#系统自带的一个复制的接口，只用实现它就可以了。具体内容如下

public interface ICloneable{
  object Clone();
}

实例

这个是MSDN里给的例子，稍微改动了一下。

public class IdInfo:ICloneable
{
    public int IdNumber;

    public IdInfo(int IdNumber)
    {
        this.IdNumber = IdNumber;
    }
    public object Clone()//浅复制
    {  
        return (IdInfo)this.MemberwiseClone();
    }
}

public class Person 
{
    public int Age;
    public string Name;
    public IdInfo IdInfo;

    public Person ShallowCopy()//浅复制
    {
       return (Person) this.MemberwiseClone();
    }

    public Person DeepCopy()//深复制
    {
        //new IdInfo的做法
       //Person other = (Person) this.MemberwiseClone();
       //other.IdInfo = new IdInfo(IdInfo.IdNumber);
       //other.Name = String.Copy(Name);
     
        //new Person 的做法
       //Person other =new Person();
       //other.IdInfo =this.IdInfo.Clone();
       //other.Name = String.Copy(Name);
       //other.Age= this.Age;
       return other;
    }
}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create an instance of Person and assign values to its fields.
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.Age = 42;
        p1.Name = "Sam";
        p1.IdInfo = new IdInfo(6565);

        // Perform a shallow copy of p1 and assign it to p2.
        Person p2 = p1.ShallowCopy();

        // Display values of p1, p2
        Console.WriteLine("Original values of p1 and p2:");
        Console.WriteLine("   p1 instance values: ");
        DisplayValues(p1);
        Console.WriteLine("   p2 instance values:");
        DisplayValues(p2);

        // Change the value of p1 properties and display the values of p1 and p2.
        p1.Age = 32;
        p1.Name = "Frank";
        p1.IdInfo.IdNumber = 7878;
        Console.WriteLine("\nValues of p1 and p2 after changes to p1:");
        Console.WriteLine("   p1 instance values: ");
        DisplayValues(p1);
        Console.WriteLine("   p2 instance values:");
        DisplayValues(p2);

        // Make a deep copy of p1 and assign it to p3.
        Person p3 = p1.DeepCopy();
        // Change the members of the p1 class to new values to show the deep copy.
        p1.Name = "George";
        p1.Age = 39;
        p1.IdInfo.IdNumber = 8641;
        Console.WriteLine("\nValues of p1 and p3 after changes to p1:");
        Console.WriteLine("   p1 instance values: ");
        DisplayValues(p1);
        Console.WriteLine("   p3 instance values:");
        DisplayValues(p3);
    }

    public static void DisplayValues(Person p)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("      Name: {0:s}, Age: {1:d}", p.Name, p.Age);
        Console.WriteLine("      Value: {0:d}", p.IdInfo.IdNumber);
    }
}

运行结果