【教书匠阿伦-原创干货】- 托福听力 - 高频出题点

作者: 教书匠阿伦 | 来源:发表于2019-07-03 09:42 被阅读1次

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，教书匠阿伦为大家带来托福听力考试高频出题点，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多托福备考精彩干货敬请关注教书匠阿伦。

1. 利弊分析

此类题目一般集中于典型的生命科学类话题，尤其是动物学/微生物听力以及自然科学包括地球科学，资源污染当中。

比如TPO 44听力考到了可再生能源利用的文章，教授开篇提出如今对海洋能源来产新能源，费用不高还节能环保，接着提出在入海口修建大坝能实现。学生接着提出如果泥摊受影响的话，海洋生物将会随之受牵连。接着教授说这只是大坝潜在的问题，但大坝也会减少潮汐。所以，对于此类文章，一定要明白其相关的结构，这样才可以在考试中游刃有余。

TPO 44 Renewable energy sources:

So when you proposed a construct a barrage, you have lots of issues to consider. For example, it would change the exciting water levels in the estuary, since a lot of water is getting held up by the barrage， the incoming tides won’t go as high, but they wouldn’t be as low during low tide either. This might help prevent flooding, but it would also affect the mud flats, those areas of mud that normally are exposed when the tide recedes.

所以当你提议建造水坝时，你有很多问题要考虑。举例来说，这将改变河口的刺激性水位，因为许多水位都被大坝挡住，潮汐的冲击不会像高潮一样高，但它们不会像低潮一样高。这可能有助于防止浮动，但也会影响到泥平面，这些泥平面在潮汐接收时通常会暴露。

2. 专业名词

在托福听力中，我们经常会听到一些抽象名词或者是专业名词。

TPO 46 Precious Blue Pigment:

Anyway, not only was lapis lazuli hard to get, it was also hard to process. The recipe was difficult. The stone had to be ground finely, not easy to do with a rock, then mixed with melted wax, resins and oils, wrapped in a cloth and knitted like bread dough. The fine particles of ultramarine were then separated from the rest. The process was time-consuming, which also contributed to the high cost of producing ultramarine, and it didn't even yield much usable pigment.

总之，天青石不仅很难得到，而且也很难加工。配方很难。石头必须磨细，不容易用石头做，然后与融化的蜡、树脂和油混合，用布包裹，编织成面包面团。然后将群青的微粒与其他微粒分离。该工艺费时，也造成了生产超海蓝颜料的高成本，甚至没有产生多少有用的颜料。

题目：

What two points does the professor make about the process of turning lapis lazuli into ultramarine? (Click on 2 answers.)

It took a lot of time

It required expensive tools

It did not produce much pigment

It was perfected by the French.

教授以一个艺术家的作品开场，表达了这位艺术家创作的不易，因为他使用了大量的蓝色颜料，然后引出了蓝色颜料在那时是非常稀缺的，接着又继续进一步说明后来人们才开始找到方法人工合成这种颜料。因此多选题考到了天青石的两个属性：1. 难以加工，配方很难；2. 制作工艺费时。

3. 原因、结果

任何类型的lecture题目当中都有可能会考到此类问题。一般来讲，在托福听力中，表示原因的听力内容值得我们的关注，在托福听力有较多的表达原因的逻辑词，其中包括because，since, as, for等表达方式。这些词的出现需要我们特别予以关注。

TPO 18 European History:

It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat.

We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives.

人们普遍认为中世纪的欧洲人想要香料来掩盖变质肉的味道。但事实并非如此。任何一个担心变质肉的人一开始都买不起香料。如果你买得起香料，你肯定买得起新鲜的肉。

我们也有证据表明，中世纪的各个市场都雇用了一种警察来确保人们不会出售变质的食品，如果你被抓到这样做，你将受到各种各样的罚款和羞辱性的公共处罚。所以事实上是这样的：为了过冬，人们会把肉放在盐里保存，而不是放在香料里。香料实际上并不是很有效的防腐剂。

What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat? Click on 2 answers

A. Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were.

B. Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume.

C. The sale of spoiled food was prohibited.

D. Salt was cheaper than most spices were.

此题就有明显的因果关系，其中Spice不可能用来掩盖变质肉的气味由于两个主要的因素：1. 香料的价格比肉贵；2. 有严格的惩罚，因为市场不允许销售变质肉。

4. 例子

在托福听力中，通常会使用不同的例子来加强教授内容的学术严谨性。

在托福听力心理学话题中，就会使用海豚来听低音和高音的例子来感知动物面对不确定性的能力，从而来说明何为心理学中的元认知。同时，以荷兰“郁金香”泡沫为例讲解经济“Boom and bust”的条件：经济繁荣，人们手里有闲钱，都想靠钱生钱。所以，当听力中出现for example，for instance，let’s say，let’s put it this way，just like， just as，as we all know等说法时，我们一定要保持足够的警觉。

TPO 50 Ancient Egyptian Glass:

Why does the professor say this: I said they were making glass objects, right?

To emphasize that glass objects were only made in ancient Egypt.

To find out what the student does not understand.

To indicate that there was no contradiction in her previous statement.

To correct what she said in her previous statement.

学生显然把制作玻璃原材料和制作玻璃制品当成了一件事情，他在质疑教授是不是说了自相矛盾的话。教授在这里是在强调，埃及人制造的是玻璃物品，是拿到玻璃以后二次加工做出的装饰物，不是玻璃这种原材料本身。

TPO 48 Mutualism

Now, why would the ants go through all this trouble? What's their benefit?Mary?

Student: It's probably related to food?

Professor: Uh-huh?You are onto something.

Student: Ok, ants feed on sweet stuff, right? So the caterpillar must have some kind of special access to honey or sugars, or something like that. Maybe caterpillars produce honey somehow. On second thought, um, I'm probably way off

Professor: You are pretty close actually. The caterpillars have a honey gland, an organ that secretes an amino acid and carbohydrate liquid. The caterpillar secretes the liquid from the honey gland, rather large quantities, enough to feed several ants.

此处教授进行提问为什么毛毛虫要克服重重困难。学生就拿蚂蚁吃甜食进行类比，所以毛虫必须有某种特殊的途径获得蜂蜜或糖，或类似的东西。也许毛虫会以某种方式产蜜。

之后教授就以这个例子来讲出毛毛虫有一个蜜腺，一个分泌氨基酸和碳水化合物液体的器官。毛虫分泌蜂蜜腺中的液体，数量相当大，足以喂养几只蚂蚁。

5. 数字的作用

此类题目一般会出现我们所谓的多选题，一般会考到具体的细节的作用、表现形式、逻辑关系等。比如考到艺术类话题中，某种绘画的三种作用，常见的四种排水系统等，或者是工业革命对于早期农业的消极影响的三个方面等。

比如TPO 28

白嘴鸦藏东西主要有两个原因。一是为未来作打算，藏在将来能发现的地方，二是把自己的偷盗倾向投射到其他的鸟身上。

Well, corvids and some mammals have the ability to plan for the future, to store food for instance, in places where they can find it later. It’s been suggested in fact that jays, corvids known for stealing each other’s food, may hide their food precisely because they are projecting their own tendency to steal onto other jays.

白嘴鸦和一些哺乳动物有能力为未来做计划，比如把食物储存在他们以后能找到的地方。事实上，有人认为，以偷对方食物而闻名的乌鸦，可能会把自己的食物藏起来，因为它们正把自己的偷盗倾向投射到其他的鸟身上。

以上就是为大家整理的“托福听力考试高频出题点”，更多精彩内容请关注教书匠阿伦托福干货!