Day11: 常用动词三

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Have

-- have作为主动词

1. 用have谈论我们拥有某物：

   I have a car.

2. 用have谈论事件、动作、经验、活动等：

   I am going to have a bath.

   Let's have a party to celebrate your birthday!

   We have a break at 10 am.

   Do you have a nice time in London?

3. 用have谈论吃东西：

   Shall we have lunch together sometime?

4. 用have谈论说话：

   I need to have a chat with Joan about your hours.

   They had a big argument about money.

5. 用have谈论睡眠：

   She has a rest in the afternoon.

   Did you have a good night's sleep.

   I used to have terrible dreams when I was young.

6. 用have谈论事故和问题等：

   She had a accident when she was young. She fell off a horse.

   They had a crash but luckily on one was injured.

   We had a breakdown on the motorway once.

7. 用have谈论旅行等：

   They have a 15-hour fight from Rome.

   Did you have a pleasant journey?

8. 其实have作为万能动词能表达很多，其它一些常见的表达：

   have a baby	have a think	have a try	have a problem
   have a go	have a feeling/sense	have an operation	have a clue/idea
   have a long wait	have a laugh(informal, a good time)	have a shock	have a surprise

9. have进行时表示事件或行为正在进行或重复：

   She was having nightmares for a year after the accident.

   I've been having discussions with my boss about a transfer to Shanghai.

10. have进行时表示未来计划的活动：

    I'm having lunch with Tony on Wednesday.

    She's having baby in June.

-- have作为助动词

1. 英语中有三个助动词have、do、be。助动词have用于时态表达中：

   They have moved house.

   We had paid in advance.

Happen

1. happen意味着“发生”，并且常见的是“偶然发生”：

   What will happen if it rains?

2. happen + to动词不定式在礼貌请求中很常见，或描述偶然发生的事件：

   You don't happen to have any stamps? do you? (你碰巧没有邮票，不是吗？)

   They just happened to driving past so they stopped and had lunch. (他们刚好开车经过...)

3. happen + to + object 表示意外发生的事或者我们不想要发生的事：

   Something happens to my bike. The brakes keep squeaking.

   What's happen to your jacket? it's all covered in mud.

Hope

1. hope后面跟动词的一般时态，及时动作指向未来：

   We hope she passes her driving test next week.

   I just hope the bus is on time tomorrow.

2. 通常不使用hope的否定，这一点和think否定前移有所区别：

   I hope it doesn't rain.

   Not: I don't hope it rains.

3. hope的过去进行时用来做礼貌的称述，特别是礼貌的请求：

   I was hoping to have a word with you, Professor O'Malley.

   I was hoping you could lend us your car while you were in America.

4. hope除了动词也可以做可数名词：

   After the election, their hopes were high, but five years later nothing has changed.

5. hope作为广义一般的概念表达希望时，hope前不使用冠词：

   You must never give up hope.

   Not: You must never give up the hope.

Know

1. 常见形式 know + 名词短语 / that从句 / wh从句(who、where等等)：

   Do you know the music shop just by the market square?

   We know that this must be a difficult desicion for you.

   Do you know where to buy batteries for the watch?

2. 不使用know的进行时：

   We've known each other since we were chirldren.

   Not: We've been knowing each other ...

3. 通常使用 know + how + to-infinitive(to动词不定式) 而不是使用 know + to-infinitive：

   Does he know how to play classic guitar music.

   Not: Does he know to play...

4. 在非常正式的英语中：我们会用know + object + to-infinitive：

   I have worked with Jim for five years and know him to be reliable and hard-working. (我和吉米一起工作五年了，并且知道他是可靠勤奋的)

5. know不加宾语表示习得一般性的知识，加宾语表示通过个人经验习得一些知识：

   A: They’re opening a new terminal at Amsterdam airport.

   B: Yes, I know. (I know that they are opening a new terminal)

   B: Yes, I know it . (I know the one you mean. I have been there and seen the airport)

   我们有时也会用know about、know of表达我们习得的一些经验等，know of更正式一点：

   What do you know about the origins of American Civil War?

   Not: What do you know the origins ...

6. you know在口语中经常使用，表达一种要想看一下对方是否分享相同的知识或理解我们说的话：

   It's impossible to find time to go to the gym, you know, every day, isn't it?