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自定义控件(三步搞定switch)

自定义控件(三步搞定switch)

作者: 一字节溢出 | 来源:发表于2016-12-09 17:13 被阅读758次

    概述

    switch控件是我们最常用的控件之一,网上虽有较多源码,但是通常我们的项目中用到的都是他的变种,初学者有时候不知如何修改,希望通过本文的分析,我们可以掌握这个控件的关键点。

    详解:

    我们来做一个下图这样的switch控件。


    ezgif.com-9dd15217dd.gif

    可以分解为下面三个过程:

    • 绘制图像
    • 添加事件
    • 测量布局
    绘制图像:

    此控件的绘制的过程可分解为:

    1.绘制边框线条
    2.绘制填充色
    3.绘制小圆球
      protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            drawFrameRoundRect(canvas);
            drawRect(canvas);
            drawCircle(canvas);
        }
    

    在绘制之前我们需要准备好画笔,我们定义三种画笔。

        /**
         * 初始化画笔
         */
        private void initPaint() {
    
            //填充画笔
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            mPaint.setStrokeWidth(0);
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    
            //边线画笔
            fPaint = new Paint();
            fPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            fPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#BDBDBD"));
            fPaint.setAlpha(255);
            fPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
            fPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    
            //圆圈画笔
            cPaint = new Paint();
            cPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            cPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
            cPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
            cPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        }
    
    1.绘制边框线条

    边线是两边圆弧的矩形,所以我们选择drawRoundRect方法。

        /**
         * 绘制边框线条
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawFrameRoundRect(Canvas canvas) {
            if (rectF == null) {
                rectF = new RectF(OFFSET, OFFSET, getWidth()-OFFSET, getHeight()-OFFSET);
            }
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, fPaint);
        }
    
    2.绘制填充色
    • 绘制填充色和绘制线条的实现几乎一样,不一样的也就是画笔了。
    • 填充色的画笔setStyle设置的是Paint.Style.FILL,边线画笔设置的是Paint.Style.STROKE
    • setARGB设置画笔的色值,通过alpha值的变化使得渐变过度更平缓。
       /**
         * 绘制填充的色值
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawRect(Canvas canvas) {
            mPaint.setARGB(getColorAlpha(), Color.red(fillColor), Color.green(fillColor), Color.blue(fillColor));
            if (rectF == null) {
                rectF = new RectF(OFFSET, OFFSET, getWidth()-OFFSET, getHeight()-OFFSET);
            }
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, mPaint);
        }
    
    3.绘制小圆球
    • setShadowLayer用来实现小圆球的阴影效果,使其更有立体感。
    • isPressed用来区分按下和正常效果,按下之后小圆球变大。
    • drawCircle,drawRoundRect的这些坐标读者可以自己微调,没有固定的规则。
      /**
         * 绘制点击的原点
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawCircle(Canvas canvas) {
            if (isPressed) {
                cPaint.setShadowLayer(12, 0, 12, Color.argb(61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
                canvas.drawCircle(getHeight()/2 + (getWidth() - getHeight())*process, getHeight()/2, (getHeight() - getHeight()/3)/2 + 6, cPaint);
            } else {
                cPaint.setShadowLayer(6, 0, 6, Color.argb(61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
                canvas.drawCircle(getHeight()/2 + (getWidth() - getHeight())*process, getHeight()/2,  (getHeight() - getHeight()/3)/2, cPaint);
            }
        }
    

    至此,静态的switch完成了。为了让其动起来,我们来响应下onTouchEvent事件的实现。

    添加事件:

    一般我们响应onTouch事件,只需处理这几个事件:ACTION_DOWN,ACTION_MOVE, ACTION_CANCEL, ACTION_UP。如果事件不清楚的可以看:View, ViewGroup, Layout

    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            if (!isEnabled()) {
                return false;//控件处于disable状态的时候不处理
            }
    
            switch (event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    lastX = event.getX();
                    lastProcess = getProcess();
                    isPressed = true;
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    setProcess(lastProcess + (event.getX() - lastX)/getWidth());
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    isPressed = false;
                    if (getProcess() > 0.5) {
                        setProcess(1f);
                    } else {
                        setProcess(0f);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return true;
    
    • MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:获取按下时的滑动位置
    • MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:滑动过程中设置坐标,并且刷新界面
    • MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL, MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:事件结束处理
      在滑动过程中,最好将坐标打印出来看看就比较清楚了。
    测量布局:

    添加完响应事件,我们switch控件已经基本可以用了。用户如果在xml中不指定控件的长宽,我们的控件就会铺满全屏,直接变形了,所以我们还需要重写下onMeasure,当然你也可把这个测量布局放在最开始。

        @Override
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            int widthMode  = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
            int widthSize  = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
            int width;
            int height;
            if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
                width = widthSize;
            } else {
                //AT_MOST或者UNSPECIFIED,即用户没有指定宽度时,显示默认宽度
                width = dip2px(getContext(), 128);
            }
    
            if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
                height = heightSize;
            } else {
                //AT_MOST或者UNSPECIFIED,即用户没有指定高度时,显示默认高度
                height = dip2px(getContext(), 48);
            }
            setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
        }
    

    完整代码:

    测试代码不贴了,新建一个工程,将这个类拷贝到工程,和普通button控件用法一样就可以使用了。

    package com.wayne.android.widget;
    
    import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.graphics.Canvas;
    import android.graphics.Color;
    import android.graphics.Paint;
    import android.graphics.RectF;
    import android.util.AttributeSet;
    import android.view.MotionEvent;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.animation.AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator;
    import android.widget.Checkable;
    
    public class Switch extends View implements Checkable {
    
        private static final int FILL_COLOR_1 = Color.parseColor("#EEEEEE");
        private static final int FILL_COLOR_2 = Color.parseColor("#03A9F4");
        private static final int ANIMATION_DURATION = 200;
        private static final int OFFSET = 12;
    
        private ObjectAnimator processAnimator;
        private boolean isChecked;
        private float process = 0;
        private float lastX = 0;
        private float lastProcess = 0;
        private int fillColor;
        private boolean isPressed;
        private Paint cPaint;
        private Paint fPaint;
        private Paint mPaint;
        private RectF rectF = null;
        public Switch(Context context) {
            super(context);
            init();
        }
    
        public Switch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(context, attrs);
            init();
        }
    
        public Switch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
            super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
            init();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            int widthMode  = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
            int widthSize  = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
            int width;
            int height;
            if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
                width = widthSize;
            } else {
                //AT_MOST或者UNSPECIFIED,即用户没有指定宽度时,显示默认宽度
                width = dip2px(getContext(), 128);
            }
    
            if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
                height = heightSize;
            } else {
                //AT_MOST或者UNSPECIFIED,即用户没有指定高度时,显示默认高度
                height = dip2px(getContext(), 48);
            }
            setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
            super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            drawFrameRoundRect(canvas);
            drawRect(canvas);
            drawCircle(canvas);
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            if (!isEnabled()) {
                return false;
            }
    
            switch (event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    lastX = event.getX();
                    lastProcess = getProcess();
                    isPressed = true;
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    setProcess(lastProcess + (event.getX() - lastX)/getWidth());
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    isPressed = false;
                    if (getProcess() > 0.5) {
                        setProcess(1f);
                    } else {
                        setProcess(0f);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setChecked(boolean b) {
            if (isChecked != b) {
                isChecked = b;
                animateSwitch(isChecked);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isChecked() {
            return isChecked;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void toggle() {
            setChecked(!isChecked);
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化
         */
        private void init() {
            isPressed = false;
            process = 0;
            isChecked = false;
            fillColor = FILL_COLOR_1;
            setLayerType(LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE, null);
            initAnimation();
            initPaint();
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化动画对象
         */
        private void initAnimation() {
            processAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(this, "process", 0, 1);
            processAnimator.setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
            processAnimator.setInterpolator(new AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator());
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化画笔
         */
        private void initPaint() {
    
            //填充画笔
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            mPaint.setStrokeWidth(0);
            mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    
            //frame画笔
            fPaint = new Paint();
            fPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            fPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#BDBDBD"));
            fPaint.setAlpha(255);
            fPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
            fPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    
            //圆圈画笔
            cPaint = new Paint();
            cPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
            cPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
            cPaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
            cPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        }
    
        public float getProcess() {
            return process;
        }
    
        /**
         * 设置滑动的进度
         * @param process
         */
        public void setProcess(float process) {
            if (process >= 1f) {
                this.process = 1;
                isChecked = true;
            } else if (process <= 0f) {
                this.process = 0;
                isChecked = false;
            } else {
                this.process = process;
            }
            if (this.process > 0.5) {
                fillColor = FILL_COLOR_2;
            } else {
                fillColor = FILL_COLOR_1;
            }
            postInvalidate();
        }
    
        /**
         * 开关动画
         * @param checked
         */
        private void animateSwitch(boolean checked) {
            if (processAnimator.isRunning()) {
                processAnimator.cancel();
            }
    
            if (checked) {
                processAnimator.setFloatValues(process, 1f);
            } else {
                processAnimator.setFloatValues(process, 0f);
            }
            processAnimator.start();
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取滑动时的alpha值
         * @return
         */
        private int getColorAlpha() {
            int alpha;
            if (getProcess() >= 0 && getProcess() < 0.5) {
                alpha = (int) (255 * (1 - getProcess()));
            } else {
                alpha = (int) (255 * getProcess());
            }
            int colorAlpha = Color.alpha(fillColor);
            colorAlpha = colorAlpha * alpha / 255;
            return colorAlpha;
        }
    
        /**
         * 绘制填充的色值
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawRect(Canvas canvas) {
            mPaint.setARGB(getColorAlpha(), Color.red(fillColor), Color.green(fillColor), Color.blue(fillColor));
            if (rectF == null) {
                rectF = new RectF(OFFSET, OFFSET, getWidth()-OFFSET, getHeight()-OFFSET);
            }
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, mPaint);
        }
    
        /**
         * 绘制边框线条
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawFrameRoundRect(Canvas canvas) {
            if (rectF == null) {
                rectF = new RectF(OFFSET, OFFSET, getWidth()-OFFSET, getHeight()-OFFSET);
            }
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, (getHeight() - OFFSET)/2, fPaint);
        }
    
        /**
         * 绘制点击的原点
         * @param canvas
         */
        private void drawCircle(Canvas canvas) {
            if (isPressed) {
                cPaint.setShadowLayer(12, 0, 12, Color.argb(61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
                canvas.drawCircle(getHeight()/2 + (getWidth() - getHeight())*process, getHeight()/2, (getHeight() - getHeight()/3)/2 + 6, cPaint);
            } else {
                cPaint.setShadowLayer(6, 0, 6, Color.argb(61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
                canvas.drawCircle(getHeight()/2 + (getWidth() - getHeight())*process, getHeight()/2,  (getHeight() - getHeight()/3)/2, cPaint);
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * dip转换的px
         * @param context
         * @param dpValue
         * @return
         */
        private int dip2px(Context context, float dpValue) {
            final float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
            return (int) ((dpValue * scale) + 0.5f);
        }
    }
    
    

    结语:

    为了尽量简单,代码量少些,本文没有按照前面文章中写的那样,如:定义drawable将绘制移入其中,并且定义属性文件。有空的话大家可以改造下,好了,就到这里,周末愉快。
    上篇:自定义控件(progresses)(360手机助手下载进度示例)

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      • 吐尔洪江01:解决了,加了一个监听接口。 感谢楼主
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