在我写的上篇文章 中,介绍了美颜滤镜的实现原理,已经能够体会到[GPUImage](https://github.com/BradLarson/GPUImage) 的强大。本文将要介绍的Faceu贴纸效果也是基于GPUImage实现的,demo我放在了[GitHub](https://github.com/Guikunzhi/YLFaceuDemo)上。
1.核心原理
Faceu贴纸效果其实就是在人脸上贴一些图片,同时这些图片是跟随着人脸的位置改变的。如果我们不强调贴图的位置,这就是一个简单的水印需求。
Faceu原理.png
根据人脸检测的结果动态调整水印贴纸的位置即可实现简单的Faceu效果。
2.水印
在GPUImage的官方demo中就已经有文字水印的实现:
GPUImageFilter *filter = [[GPUImageFilter alloc] init];
[self.videoCamera addTarget:filter];
GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter *blendFilter = [[GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter alloc] init];
blendFilter.mix = 1.0;
NSDate *startTime = [NSDate date];
UIView *temp = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.frame];
UILabel *timeLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 240.0f, 40.0f)];
timeLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:17.0f];
timeLabel.text = @"Time: 0.0 s";
timeLabel.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;
timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
timeLabel.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
[temp addSubview:timeLabel];
uiElementInput = [[GPUImageUIElement alloc] initWithView:temp];
[filter addTarget:blendFilter];
[uiElementInput addTarget:blendFilter];
[blendFilter addTarget:filterView];
__unsafe_unretained GPUImageUIElement *weakUIElementInput = uiElementInput;
[filter setFrameProcessingCompletionBlock:^(GPUImageOutput * filter, CMTime frameTime){
timeLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Time: %f s", -[startTime timeIntervalSinceNow]];
[weakUIElementInput update];
}];
要理解它的实现原理,需要搞懂GPUImageUIElement和GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter。GPUImageUIElement的作用是把一个视图的layer通过CALayer的renderInContext:方法把layer转化为image,然后作为OpenGL的纹理传给GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter。而GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter则是一个两输入的blend filter, 它的第一个输入是摄像头数据,第二个输入则是刚刚提到的GPUImageUIElement的数据,GPUImageAlphaBlendFilter将这两个输入做alpha blend,可以简单的理解为将第二个输入叠加到第一个的上面,更多关于[alpha blend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Alpha_blending)在维基百科上有介绍。下图是整个加水印的过程:
水印.png
3.人脸检测
利用CIDetector即可简单的实现人脸检测,首先是CIDetector的初始化:
NSDictionary *detectorOptions = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:CIDetectorAccuracyLow, CIDetectorAccuracy, nil];
_faceDetector = [CIDetector detectorOfType:CIDetectorTypeFace context:nil options:detectorOptions];
然后通过将摄像头数据CMSampleBufferRef转化为CIImage,对CIImage用CIDetector进行人脸检测:
CVPixelBufferRef pixelBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
CFDictionaryRef attachments = CMCopyDictionaryOfAttachments(kCFAllocatorDefault, sampleBuffer, kCMAttachmentMode_ShouldPropagate);
CIImage *convertedImage = [[CIImage alloc] initWithCVPixelBuffer:pixelBuffer options:(__bridge NSDictionary *)attachments];
NSArray *features = [self.faceDetector featuresInImage:convertedImage options:imageOptions];
上面得到的features数组里的每个元素都是CIFaceFeature对象,根据它就能计算出人脸的具体位置,从而调整中水印图像的位置,达到图像跟随人脸动的效果。
for ( CIFaceFeature *faceFeature in featureArray) {
// find the correct position for the square layer within the previewLayer
// the feature box originates in the bottom left of the video frame.
// (Bottom right if mirroring is turned on)
//Update face bounds for iOS Coordinate System
CGRect faceRect = [faceFeature bounds];
// flip preview width and height
CGFloat temp = faceRect.size.width;
faceRect.size.width = faceRect.size.height;
faceRect.size.height = temp;
temp = faceRect.origin.x;
faceRect.origin.x = faceRect.origin.y;
faceRect.origin.y = temp;
// scale coordinates so they fit in the preview box, which may be scaled
CGFloat widthScaleBy = previewBox.size.width / clap.size.height;
CGFloat heightScaleBy = previewBox.size.height / clap.size.width;
faceRect.size.width *= widthScaleBy;
faceRect.size.height *= heightScaleBy;
faceRect.origin.x *= widthScaleBy;
faceRect.origin.y *= heightScaleBy;
faceRect = CGRectOffset(faceRect, previewBox.origin.x, previewBox.origin.y);
//mirror
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(previewBox.size.width - faceRect.origin.x - faceRect.size.width, faceRect.origin.y, faceRect.size.width, faceRect.size.height);
if (fabs(rect.origin.x - self.faceBounds.origin.x) > 5.0) {
self.faceBounds = rect;
}
}
上面则是计算人脸位置faceBounds的方法,我们再根据faceBounds来更新水印图像的位置:
__weak typeof (self) weakSelf = self;
[filter setFrameProcessingCompletionBlock:^(GPUImageOutput *output, CMTime time) {
__strong typeof (self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
// update capImageView's frame
CGRect rect = strongSelf.faceBounds;
CGSize size = strongSelf.capImageView.frame.size;
strongSelf.capImageView.frame = CGRectMake(rect.origin.x + (rect.size.width - size.width)/2, rect.origin.y - size.height, size.width, size.height);
[strongSelf.element update];
}];
4.延伸
- 问题1:上面用的人脸检测是基于CIDetector的,实际实验发现,当人脸在摄像头中捕获不全时,有可能检测不出人脸,也就没法更新水印图像的位置。因此,更加精准、快速、细致的人脸检测是很有必要的,后面我会尝试使用一些其他的人脸检测方法。
- 问题2:上面的Faceu贴纸效果是静态图像的贴纸效果,如果要做动态效果的Faceu贴纸该怎么处理呢, Gif? CADisplayLink? 这个有待进一步研究,如果有这方面经验的朋友也欢迎在评论区留言,互相交流学习。
网友评论
UILabel *timeLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 240.0f, 320.0f)];
timeLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:10.0f];
timeLabel.text = @"Time: 0.0 s";
timeLabel.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;
timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
timeLabel.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
timeLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
#warning 添加
UIView *tempView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
tempView.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
[tempView addSubview:timeLabel];
#warning end
uiElementInput = [[GPUImageUIElement alloc] initWithView:tempView];
。不知道这样是否合理