1、概念：现在完成时用于过去发生的动作或状态与现在的联系，包括对现在的影响、造成的结果以及动作的持续等。
2、构成：现在完成时的形式是由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。
动词怎样变过去分词？
过去分词也是一种非限定动词，它只有一种形式，无时态和语态的变化。
过去分词的构成方式分为规则变化和不规则变化。
一、过去分词的规则变化。
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“-ed”。
study—studied—studied
cry—cried—cried
try—tried—tried
fry—fried—fried
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母（包括r，但x除外），先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。
stop—stopped—stopped
drop—dropped—dropped
但是：mix——mixed——mixed。
(5)以c结尾的动词，要变c为ck，再加“-ed”。
picnic→picnicked→picnicked
traffic→trafficked→trafficked。
这样做主要是为了避免变化后其原型尾音/k/变成/s/。在英文的发音规则里，c在字母e、i、y之前均要发软音/s/，其他情况下均发硬音/k/。如果直接加“ed”的话，trafficed将会读成/'træfɪst/，而不读/'træfɪkt/。
二、过去分词的不规则变化。
过去分词的不规则变化要死记硬背。如：
bear——bore——borne 负担，生产
get——got——gotten 得到
hang——hung——hung 悬挂
light——lit——lit 点燃
rot——rotted——rotten 腐烂
strike——struck——struck 打击
sink——sank——sunk 下沉。
3、 现在完成时的句式
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词...
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词...
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词...?
1） 现在完成时的肯定句
句型：主语（第三人称单数以外的人称） + have
主语（第三人称单数）+ has +
现在完成时的肯定句由助动词have/has加过去分词构成：
He's gone shopping.他去买东西了。
I've never been to Paris.我从未到过巴黎。
2 ）现在完成时的否定句
句型：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词...
现在完成时的否定句是在助动词have/has后加not，之后是过去分词：
I haven't seen him for a long time.我已经很久没见到他了。
The road hasn't been cleaned since it snowed.自下过雪以后这条路一直没有清扫过。
3） 现在完成时的一般疑问句
句型： Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...?
回答方式：Yes，主语 + have/has.
No，主语 + have/has + not.
现在完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词have/has置于主语之前（大写have/has后的第一个字母），在句尾加问号；这种语序是倒装语序：
Have you done it? —Yes，I have./No，I haven't.你做这件事了吗? ——是的，我做完了。/不，我没有。
Have you ever been to India? —Yes，I have./No，I haven't.你去过印度吗? ——是的，我去过。/不，我没去过。
Have you met your new neighbors? —Not so far.你见过你的新邻居没有? ——至今还没有。
4） 现在完成时的特殊疑问句
句型：疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词...?
现在完成时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词have/has之前（have/has的第一个字母无需大写），和一般疑问句差不多；这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时，将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词have/has之前，在句尾加问号；这种语序是陈述句语序：
Where have you been all this while? 这一阵子你在哪里?
What book shave you read on this subject? 你读过哪些关于这方面的书?
What have you been busy with recently? 最近你在忙什么?
4、现在完成时的用法
1.）表示结束、结果
现在完成时表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响。这一类情况可以细分为下述两种情况：
表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和already（已经），just（刚刚），now（现在），yet（迄今、还），not...yet（还没有）等连用：I've already read that book.我已经读过那本书。
You're too late；the train has just left.你来得太完了，火车刚开走。
表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着；一般不用时间状语：
It has just snowed.刚刚下过雪。（地上有积雪）
I have lost my watch.我把手表丢了。（现在仍未找到）
The concert has started. We have to look for our seats in the dark.音乐会已经开始了，我们得在黑暗中找座位。
The president's sudden death has left the country leaderless.总统突然去世，使该国处于无领袖状态。
2）.表示继续
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，仍要继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间包括现在时间在内的状语连用，如today（今天），this week/month（本周/月），lately（最近），recently（最近），these days（这些日子），in the past few years（在过去的几年里），since（从……以来），since yesterday（从昨天以来），for a long time（很长时间），for a month/several years（一个月/几年），so far（迄今为止），up to now（直到现在），till/until now（直到现在）等：
He's known me for over twenty years.他和我相识已20多年了。
Has he studied French very long? 他学习法语很久了吗?
How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了? （现在仍在学）
Up to now/Until now we've had no problems.直到现在为止，我们没有碰到任何问题。
3）.表示经历和经验
表示从过去到现在之间经历过的事情。常和often（常常），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），before（在……之前），since（自……以来）等连用：
Haven't I seen you before? 我以前见过你吧?
He has known both grief and happiness.悲伤和欢乐的滋味他都尝过。
We have not been to the cinema recently.我们最近没有去过电影院。
I have not seen that film yet.我还没有看过那部电影。
Her husband died ten years ago，but she has since remarried.她丈夫10年前去世，她后来又嫁人了。
I've read the novel twice.这部小说我看了两遍。
I've never been so annoyed in all my life!（=I was extremely annoyed）我这一生从没有这样恼火过!
4）.用于状语从句
在时间或条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时刻前业已完成的动作：
Tell me what you think of the book when you've read it.你看完这本书后，告诉我你的想法。
We'll start at2 o'clock pm if it has stopped raining by then.我们将于下午2点开始，如果那时雨停了的话。
5、 关于现在完成时动词的用法
1.关于短暂动作动词的用法
终止性动词（亦称点动词）如come（来），go（去），leave（离开），buy（买），borrow（借），join（参加），die（去世），marry（结婚），lose（失去），begin（开始），stop（停止），get up（起床）等表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不再延续。也就是说，此类动词只表示短暂的动作，因此不能与表示延续的时间状语连用：
不可以说：I've left New York for three days.
可以说：I've been away from New York for three days.（这时需要 使用be动词来表示延续的状态）
可以说：I left New York three days ago.我是3天前离开纽约的。
如果现在完成时的谓语动词是持续较短的动态动词（点动词），通常用否定结构；在这种情况下可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为点动词的这种否定结构构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的：
They haven't written to me for3years.他们有3年没有给我写信了。
She hasn't left home for several days.她已有几天没有出门了。（表示“足不出户”这一状态）
They haven't visited us since2000.自2000年以来他们就没有拜访过我们。
表示短暂动作的动词用于完成时，通常表示目前的结果：
She's recovered from her illness.她已经痊愈。（含义是：目前状况良好）
I must go back；I've left（=forgotten to bring）my car keys（be-hind）.我必须回去，我忘了带汽车钥匙。（含义是：我现在开不了汽车门。）
English has borrowed words from many languages.英语借用了很多其他语言的词汇。（含义是：仍会借用其他语言的词汇。）
6、现在完成时训练
现在完成时练习题及答案（精华汇总）
2015-11-19 16:39
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _________ _________ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn’t come to school
because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) ______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ⅳ. Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?
Ⅴ. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
二、用since和for填空
1.______two years
2.____two years ago
3.___last month
4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday
6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours
8._____an hour ago
9. ___we were children
10._____ lunch time
11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.
④ close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.
3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.
⑧have / has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier → be a member of the league / the Party → be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He _________________ a _________________ for two years. He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years. He _______________________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.
四、划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________? 4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
现在完成时答案
一．翻译下列句子：
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?
2. I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.
5. Have you seen the movie yet?
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years.
9. I have known them for five years.
10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.
12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.
13. They have known each other since 1999.
14. I have been in this school for over three years.
二、用since或者for填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since
11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
①
1. has been in , five minutes
2. have been in , 2008
3. have been at, two days
4. have been , last week
②
1. have been out, two years
2. have been back , yesterday
③
1. have been , nine years
2. has been , two years
④
1. has been closed , two hours
2. has been open
⑤
1. have been up , two hours ago
2. has been away from
3. has been dead , seven years
4. has been over
5. have been asleep , two hours ago
6. have been married , 1990
⑥
1. have taught , 1995
2. has been on , two minutes
⑦
1. have kept , last week
2. have had , two hours
3. have known , last years
4. have worn , three years
⑧ has been in
⑨ has been , League member
has been , member of , League has been in
2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army
四、划线提问
1. How long have, been there
2. How long has , lived here
3. When did , leave here
4. When did , buy
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where has Li Fei gone?
B: He has gone to Hainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I have never been there.
A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place?
B: He has been there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1. has gone to
2. went to
3. has been in
4. have , been in
5. have been in
6. Have , been to have been
7. have been in / at
8. has gone to
9. did go went
10. go ; have been
11. are , going ; am going
12. goes 13. Did , go
14. Do , go
七、综合练习:
1. never
2. just , already
3. for
4. ever, never
5. yet , just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1. lived / has been living
2. have been
3. went
4. has passed left
5. has lost have , seen
6. Have , found
7. have , had
8. have , returned 9. Have , built
10. haven’t finished
11. has read
12. bought
13. lost
14. have been reading / has read
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