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Instrument of Surrender
日本向同盟国家投降的降书
We, acting by command ofand in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
余等兹对合众国、中华民国、及大不列颠帝国，各国政府首脑，于一千九百四十五年七月二十六日于波茨坦宣而尔后由苏维埃社会主义共和国联邦之参加宣言条款，并根据日本政府，天皇，及日本帝国大本营之命令代表受诺之。右述四国以后称之为联合国。
set forth
其实是高级版的“阐明; 陈述”，英文解释为“to state, express, or utter”，用于正式文体中。它有一个近义表达：set out，同样表示“详述；阐明”，如：
Your contract will set out the terms and conditions of your employment.
你的合同会详细说明聘用的期限和条件。
hereby & hereafter
这两个词都用于正式文体当中，常见于法律文本。前者表示”特此，兹“，”as a result of this statement – used in official situations “；后者表示”在下文中，此后“，”in a later part of an official or legal document law“，如”
I hereby agree to the conditions of this contract.
我同意此合同的条款，特此声明。
the Ulster Democratic Unionist Party (hereafter UDUP)
北爱尔兰民主统一党（以下简称UDUP）
We hereby proclaimthe unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under Japanese control wherever situated.
余等兹布告，无论日本帝国大本营，及任何地方所有之日本国军队，与夫日本国所支配下一切军队，悉对联合国无条件投降。
proclaim
proclaim表示“非常正式地宣布某件事情”，可理解为“宣布；声明”，英文解释更加清晰，“to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists“。proclaim后面可以接单个的名词，也可以接that加从句，如”
Protesters proclaimed that the girl was innocent.
抗议者宣称那个女孩是无辜的。
the unconditional surrender to 无条件投降
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction.
余等兹命令任何地方之一切日本国军队，及日本国臣民，即刻停止敌对行动，保存所有船舶及军用财产，且防止损毁，并服从联合国最高司令官及其指示，对日本国政府之各机关所课之一切要求，应于以应诺。
cease
cease的意思大家应该不陌生，表示“停止”。它可以作及物和不及物动词。
不及物动词：
At two o'clock the rain had ceased.
两点时雨已经停了。
及物动词：后直接接名词，或者to do sth
He never ceases to amaze me.
他总让我惊喜不断。
The Economist ceased publication this week.
《经济学人》于本周停刊。
forthwith，高级版的immediately
preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property
此处原来的语序应该是preserve and save all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property from damage，只不过英文里遇到这种中间成分太长的情况会把它后移
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
余等兹命令日本帝国大本营，对于任何地方之一切日本国军队，及由日本国支配下一切军队指挥官，速即发布其本身或其支配下之一切军队无条件投降之命令。
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, orders and directivesdeemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
余等兹命令所有官厅、陆军及海军之职员，命令其遵守其施行联合国最高司令官为实施此投降文件，认为适当而其自己发出，或根据其委任发出之一切布告其指示，且命令右开职员，除由联合国最高司令官，或根据其事务委任，与解除其任务以外，均须留于各自原有地位，且仍继续行使各个之非战斗任务。
directive
directive表示“官方指示”，英文解释为”A directive is an official instruction that is given by someone in authority.“，如：
Thanks to a new directive, food labelling will be more specific.
由于官方的一项新指令，食品标签将会更明确具体。
deem
deem表示”认为，视为“，常见的用法有如下几种：
deem that
They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
他们认为他没有能力再管理这家企业了。
deem sth necessary/appropriate etc
They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.
他们被告知可采取任何必要的行动。
be deemed to be sth（文中就是此种用法）
They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.
他们被视为非法移民。
be deemed to do sth
UK plans were deemed to infringe EU law.
英国的计划被认为触犯了欧盟的法律。
effectuate
effectuate表示”使发生; 使有效; 完成“，英文解释为”to cause to happen; effect; accomplish“
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever action may be required by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
余等兹为天皇、日本国政府、及其继续者，承约切实履行波茨坦宣言之条款，发布为实施宣言之联合国最高司令官，及其他特派联合国代表要求之一切命令，且实施一切措置。
undertake
undertake可以直接接名词，表示”从事，承担“，经常与task, job等连用，如：
She undertook the task of monitoring the elections.
她承担了监督选举的任务。
它还可以和to do 连用，即”undertake to do sth“，表示”承诺”（文中也是这种用法）如：
He undertook to edit the text himself.
他承诺亲自编辑正文。
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.
余等兹对日本国政府、及日本帝国大本营命令，即速解放现由日本国支配下所有联合国俘虏，及被拘留者，且执行对彼等之保护、津贴、给养，及对指定地点之迅速运输等措置。
措置
这里是翻译里经常用到的方法——增词，具体而言，此处是增加范畴词”措置“。
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of surrender.
天皇及日本国政府统治国家之权限，置于为实施投降条款采用认为适当措置之联合国最高司令官之限制下。
Signed atTOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 09.04 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945.
重光葵
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government.
梅津美治郎
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters.
一千九百四十五年九月二日午前九时四分，于东京湾密苏里号舰上签字之，并根据大日本帝国天皇陛下及日本国政府之命令且以其名义。
重光葵
根据日本帝国大本营之命令且以下名义。
梅津美治郎
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0908 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945, for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other United Nations at war with Japan.
一千九百四十五年九月二日午前九时四分，于东京湾为美利坚合众国、中华民国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，及苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟，及与日本国存在战争状态之其他联合国之利益受诺之。
Douglas MacArthur
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
联合国最高司令官 道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟元帅
C.W. Nimitz
United States Representative
美利坚合众国代表 尼米兹元帅
Hsu Yung-Ch'ang
Republic of China Representative
中华民国代表 徐永昌上将
Bruce Fraser
United Kingdom Representative
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国代表 符立则
Kuzma Derevyanko
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Representative
苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟代表 狄里夫杨柯中将
Thomas Blamey
Commonwealth of Australia Representative
澳大利亚联邦代表 浦列米
L. Moore Cosgrave
Dominion of Canada Representative
加拿大国代表 柯司克列失
Jacques Leclerc
Provisional Government of the French Republic Representative
法兰西国代表 克列克
C.E.L. Helfrich
Kingdom of the Netherlands Representative
荷兰国代表 赫尔佛尼兹
Leonard M. Isitt
Dominion of New Zealand Representative
新西兰代表 依西特
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日本投降书正本（中国）
1945年9月9日，南京中国陆军总司令部礼堂举行了中国战区日本投降签字仪式，中国战区最高统帅蒋中正的特别代表、中国陆军总司令何应钦与日本政府及大本营的代表、侵华日军总司令冈村宁次分别在日本的投降书上签字。
投降书规定：
一、日本帝国政府及日本帝国大本营已向联合国最高统帅无条件投降
二、联合国最高统帅第一号令规定“在中华民国（东三省除外）台湾与越南北纬十六度以北地区内之日本全部陆海空军与辅助部队应向蒋委员长投降
三、吾等在上述区域内之全部日本陆海空军及辅助部队之将领愿率领所属部队向蒋委员长无条件投降
……
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铭记历史 勿忘国耻
不忘初心 牢记使命
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2018年9月3日
第1304天
每天持续行动学外语
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