Active Reading

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

As we said at the beginning, we will be① principally concerned in these pages with the development of skill in reading books; but the rules of reading that, if followed and practiced, develop such skill can be applied also to ②printed material in ③general, to any type of reading matter—to newspapers, magazines, ④pamphlets, articles, ⑤tracts, even advertisements.

principally:adv.主要地,大部分

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

principally  means  more  than  anything  else.

eg:This is because  the  major export  market are  slowing

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

printed:v.打印,印制,刊登,冲洗,用印刷体写,压出痕迹（压印）,印出n.印刷行业,印刷字体,指纹,手印,印花棉布（图案）,花样

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora 甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora 甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora 甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

general:adj.大致的,总的,综合的,全体的,普遍的n.上将,一般,一般原则,常规

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

词组搭配:as  a  general rule 通常in general  普遍地

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora 甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora 甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

pamphlets:n.小册子

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

A pamphlet is a very thin book,with a paper cover ,which gives  information  about  something.

eg.Religious  pamphlets  were found in their posses-sion.他們被發現持有宗教宣傳冊.

同义词.leaflet

.tracts: n.大片土地,地帶,（体内的）道

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

（biology）a system of connected  organs or tissues  along which materials  or messages pass.

eg.Vast tracts of the country are wild and undeveloped.

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Since reading of any sort is an activity, all reading must to some degree be active. Completely passive reading is impossible; we cannot read with our eyes① immobilized and our minds asleep. Hence when we contrast active with passive reading, our purpose is, first, to call attention to the fact that reading can be more or less active, and second, to point out that the more active the reading the better. One reader is better than another in ②proportion as he is capable of a greater range of activity in reading and exerts more effort. He is better if he demands more of himself and of the text before him.

immobilized:v.使不動,使固定

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

to prevent something  from moving or from  working  normally

eg.A device to immobilize the car engine in case of theft.

.proportion  

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除此之外還有很多釋義,eg:部分,比例,大小尺寸,与……成比例

eg .In the tropics plants grow to huge  proportions.

也有不常见的:

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

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Though, strictly speaking, there can be no absolutely passive reading, many people think that, as compared with writing and speaking, which are obviously active undertakings, reading and listening are entirely passive. The writer or speaker must put out some effort, but no work need be done by the reader or listener. Reading and listening are thought of as receiving communication from someone who is actively① engaged in giving or sending it. The mistake here is to suppose that receiving communication is like receiving a blow or a② legacy or a judgment from the court. On the contrary, the reader or listener is much more like the catcher in a game of baseball.

legacy

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora
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engage

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甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora
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甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora
甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

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Catching the ball is just as much an activity as ①pitching or hitting it. The pitcher or batter is the sender in the sense that his activity ②initiates the motion of the ball. The catcher or fielder is the receiver in the sense that his activity ③terminates it. Both are active, though the activities are different. If anything is passive, it is the ball. It is the inert thing that is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit, or catch. The analogy with writing and reading is almost perfect. The thing that is written and read, like the ball, is the passive object common to the two activities that begin and terminate the process.

pitching

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initiates

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terminates

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We can take this ①analogy a step further. The art of catching is the skill of catching every kind of pitch—fast balls and② curves, ③changeups and④ knucklers. Similarly, the art of reading is the skill of catching every sort of communication as well as possible.

analogy:

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甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

change   ups:

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curves

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora
甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

knucklers

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It is① noteworthy that the pitcher and catcher are successful only to the extent that they cooperate. The relation of writer and reader is similar. The writer isn’t trying not to be caught, although it sometimes seems so. Successful communication occurs in any case where what the writer wanted to have received finds its way into the reader’s possession. The writer’s skill and the reader’s skill ②converge upon a common end.

noteworthy

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora

converge

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Admittedly, writers vary, just as pitchers do. Some writers have excellent “control”; they know exactly what they want to convey, and they convey it precisely and accurately. Other things being equal, they are easier to “catch” than a “wild” writer without “control.”

There is one respect in which the analogy breaks down. The ball is a simple unit. It is either completely caught or not. A piece of writing, however, is a complex object. It can be received more or less completely, all the way from very little of what the writer intended to the whole of it. The amount the reader “catches” will usually depend on the amount of activity he puts into the process, as well as upon the skill with which he① executes the different mental acts involved.

executes

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora
What does active reading ①entail? We will return to this question many times in this book. For the moment, it suffices to say that, given the same thing to read, one person reads it better than another, first, by reading it more actively, and second, by performing each of the acts involved more skillfully. These two things are related. Reading is a complex activity, just as writing is. It consists of a large number of separate acts, all of which must be performed in a good reading. The person who can perform more of them is better able to read.

entail

甘比精讀熱身Active Reading...-Zora