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Android Data Binding从抵触到爱不释手

Android Data Binding从抵触到爱不释手

作者: 我是Asha | 来源:发表于2016-04-28 14:17 被阅读7034次

    1 引入

    如何高效地实现以下界面?

    登录/未登录

    有好几年findViewById实战经验的我,感觉并不难啊。一般会

    • 1.先定义一个User的Model类,数据来自JSON解析;
    • 2.创建一个xml,随后在xml中布局完所有View,对头像、标题、积分、登录按钮一个id;
    • 3.在Activity中通过findViewById获取到头像ImageView、标题TextView、积分TextView、登录Button,然后给Button设置监听器,再根据登陆状态展示对应数据;

    实现如下:

    • User.java
    public class User {
        private String name;
        private int score;
        private int level;
        private int avatar;
    
        public String getName() { return name; }
    
        public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    
        public int getScore() { return score; }
    
        public void setScore(int score) { this.score = score; }
    
        public int getLevel() { return level; }
    
        public int getAvatar() { return avatar; }
    
        public void setAvatar(int avatar) { this.avatar = avatar; }
    
        public void setLevel(int level) { this.level = level; }
    
        public static User newInstance() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setName("王大锤:" + (int)(Math.random() * 10));
            user.setScore((int) (Math.random() * 999));
            user.setLevel((int) (Math.random() * 77));
            user.setAvatar(R.drawable.avatar);
            return user;
        }
    }
    
    • activity_detail.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <View
            android:background="@color/detail_background"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="66dp">
        </View>
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/detail_avatar"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:src="@drawable/avatar"
            android:layout_marginTop="-33dp"
            android:layout_width="66dp"
            android:layout_height="66dp" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/detail_name"
            android:textSize="17sp"
            android:textColor="@color/textColorPrimary"
            android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:text="王大锤"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/detail_desc"
            android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
            android:textSize="13sp"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:text="积分:102 金币:0"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/detail_action_button"
            android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:text="退出登陆"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_g_button"
            android:layout_width="220dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
    
    • DetailActivity
    public class DetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        ImageView avatarIV;
        TextView nameTV;
        TextView descTV;
        Button actionBtn;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_detail);
    
            initView();
            login();
        }
    
        private void login(){ fill(User.newInstance()); }
    
        private void logout(){ fill(null); }
    
        private void initView() {
            avatarIV = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.detail_avatar);
            nameTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.detail_name);
            descTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.detail_desc);
            actionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.detail_action_button);
        }
    
        private void fill(final User user){
            final int visibility = user != null ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE;
            if (avatarIV != null){
                avatarIV.setVisibility(visibility);
                if (user != null)
                    avatarIV.setImageDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this,user.getAvatar()));
            }
    
            if (nameTV != null){
                nameTV.setVisibility(visibility);
                if (user != null)
                    nameTV.setText(user.getName());
            }
    
            if (descTV != null){
                descTV.setVisibility(visibility);
                if (user != null)
                    descTV.setText(String.format("积分:%d 等级:%d",user.getScore(),user.getLevel()));
            }
    
            if (actionBtn != null){
                actionBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        if (user == null) login();
                        else logout();
                    }
                });
                actionBtn.setText(user == null ? "登录":"退出登录");
            }
        }
    }
    

    2 去掉烦人的findViewById(View注入)

    可以看到,在Activity中View的定义、find、判空占据了大量篇幅,我们需要更优雅的实现。

    2.1 ButterKnife

    你可能听说过Jake Wharton的ButterKnife,这个库只需要在定义View变量的时候通过注解传入对应id,随后在onCreate时调用ButterKnife.bind(this)即可完成view的注入,示例如下:

    class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
      @BindView(R.id.user) EditText username;
      @BindView(R.id.pass) EditText password;
    
      @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState{
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
      }
    }
    

    2.2 Android Data Binding

    如果使用了Android Data Binding,那么View的定义、find、判空这些都不用写了,如何做呢?

    2.2.1 准备工作

    首先,你需要满足一个条件:你的Android Plugin for Gradle版本必须等于或高于1.5.0-alpha1版本,这个版本位于根目录build.gradle中,示例如下:

    buildscript {
        repositories {
            jcenter()
        }
        dependencies {
            classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.0-rc1'
        }
    }
    

    接着,你必须告诉编译器开启Data Binding,一般位于app:build.gradle的android标签中,示例如下:

    android {
        compileSdkVersion 23
        buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"
    
        dataBinding {
            enabled true
        }
        ...
    }
    

    2.2.2 修改layout.xml

    activity_detail.xml为例,原来的根节点为LinearLayout,如下所示:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <!-- LinearLayout为根节点 -->
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <View
            android:background="@color/detail_background"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="66dp">
        </View>
        ....
    </LinearLayout>
    

    我们拷一份activity_detail.xml,改为activity_detail2.xml,并且需要在外面wrap一层layout标签,修改后的activity_detail2.xml为:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <!-- LinearLayout为原布局根节点 -->
        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">
            <View
                android:background="@color/detail_background"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="66dp">
            </View>
            ...
        </LinearLayout>
    </layout>
    

    2.2.3 开始享受乐趣吧!

    在上述操作完成后,编译器会自动为我们生成
    com.asha.demo.databinding.ActivityDetail2Binding.java类,这个类的命令方式为:包名 + databinding + activity_detail2驼峰命名方式 + Binding.java。随后,使用这个activity_detail2DetailActivity2.java的代码可以简化为:

    public class DetailActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        ActivityDetail2Binding binding;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_detail2);
            
            login();
        }
    
        private void login(){ fill(User.newInstance()); }
    
        private void logout(){ fill(null); }
    
        private void fill(final User user){
            final int visibility = user != null ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE;
            if (user != null){
                binding.detailAvatar.setImageDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this,user.getAvatar()));
                binding.detailName.setText(user.getName());
                binding.detailDesc.setText(String.format("积分:%d 等级:%d",user.getScore(),user.getLevel()));
            }
    
            binding.detailAvatar.setVisibility(visibility);
            binding.detailName.setVisibility(visibility);
            binding.detailDesc.setVisibility(visibility);
            binding.detailActionButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                    if (user == null) login();
                    else logout();
                }
            });
            binding.detailActionButton.setText(user == null ? "登录":"退出登录");
        }
    }
    

    是的,所有View的定义、find、判空都不见了,所有的这些操作都在编译器为我们生成的ActivityDetail2Binding.java中完成,只需要在onCreate时调用如下代码进行setContentView即可实现,

    binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_detail2);
    
    我的天哪

    2.2.4 ActivityDetail2Binding中注入View相关的代码分析

    可以在as中方便的查看编译器自动生成的类,这个类位于/app/build/intermediates/classes/debug/com/asha/demo/databinding/ActivityDetail2Binding.class中,缩减掉Binding逻辑后的代码为:

    public class ActivityDetail2Binding extends ViewDataBinding {
        private static final IncludedLayouts sIncludes = null;
        private static final SparseIntArray sViewsWithIds = new SparseIntArray();
        public final Button detailActionButton;
        public final ImageView detailAvatar;
        public final TextView detailDesc;
        public final TextView detailName;
        private final LinearLayout mboundView0;
        private long mDirtyFlags = -1L;
    
        public ActivityDetail2Binding(DataBindingComponent bindingComponent, View root) {
            super(bindingComponent, root, 0);
            Object[] bindings = mapBindings(bindingComponent, root, 5, sIncludes, sViewsWithIds);
            this.detailActionButton = (Button)bindings[4];
            this.detailAvatar = (ImageView)bindings[1];
            this.detailDesc = (TextView)bindings[3];
            this.detailName = (TextView)bindings[2];
            this.mboundView0 = (LinearLayout)bindings[0];
            this.mboundView0.setTag((Object)null);
            this.setRootTag(root);
            this.invalidateAll();
        }
        ...
        static {
            sViewsWithIds.put(2131492948, 1);
            sViewsWithIds.put(2131492949, 2);
            sViewsWithIds.put(2131492950, 3);
            sViewsWithIds.put(2131492951, 4);
        }
    }
    

    其中全局静态SparseIntArray数组中存放了4个数字,这个四个数字为R.java中生成的对应View的id,

    public final class R {
        ...
        public static final class id {
            ...
            public static final int detail_action_button = 2131492951;
            public static final int detail_avatar = 2131492948;
            public static final int detail_desc = 2131492950;
            public static final int detail_name = 2131492949;
            ...
        }
        ...
    }
    

    ActvityDetail2Binding实例构造的时候调用了mapBindings,一次解决了所有View的查找,mapBindings函数在ActvityDetail2Binding父类ViewDataBinding中实现。

    3 使用表达式在layout.xml中填充model数据

    ActivityDetail2.java中还存在大量的View控制、数据填充代码,如何把这些代码在交给layout.xml完成呢?

    3.1 ModelAdapter类

    第2节中已经定义了User.java类作为Model类,但是我们经常会遇到Model类和真正View展示不一致的情况,本例子中定义一个来ModelAdapter类来完整Model数据到展示数据的适配。示例代码为ActivityDetail3.java的内部类,可以调用ActivityDetail3.java中的函数,代码定义如下:

    public class DetailActivity3 extends AppCompatActivity {
        public class ModelAdapter {
            private User user;
    
            public ModelAdapter(User user) { this.user = user;}
    
            public String getName(){ return user != null ? user.getName() : null;}
    
            public Drawable getAvatar(){
                return user != null ? ContextCompat.getDrawable(DetailActivity3.this,user.getAvatar()) : null;
            }
    
            public String getDesc(){
                return user != null ? String.format("积分:%d 等级:%d",user.getScore(),user.getLevel()) : null;
            }
    
            public String actionText(){ return user != null ? "退出登录" : "登陆"; }
    
            public void clickHandler(View view){
                if (user != null) logout();
                else login();
            }
        }
    }
    

    3.2 activity_detail3.xml中使用model

    同样复制一份activity_detail2.xmlactivity_detail3.xml,在<layout>节点加入<data>节点,并且在里面定义需要用的model类(比如ModelAdapter adapter),当然也可以是基础类型变量(比如int visibility);

    随后,就可以在下面的view中使用表达式了,全部布局文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <data>
            <variable name="adapter" type="com.asha.demo.DetailActivity3.ModelAdapter"/>
            <variable name="visibility" type="int"/>
        </data>
        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">
            <View
                android:background="@color/detail_background"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="66dp">
            </View>
            <ImageView
                android:src="@{adapter.avatar}"
                android:visibility="@{visibility}"
                android:id="@+id/detail_avatar"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_marginTop="-33dp"
                android:layout_width="66dp"
                android:layout_height="66dp" />
            <TextView
                android:visibility="@{visibility}"
                android:text="@{adapter.name}"
                android:id="@+id/detail_name"
                android:textSize="17sp"
                android:textColor="@color/textColorPrimary"
                android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
            <TextView
                android:visibility="@{visibility}"
                android:text="@{adapter.desc}"
                android:id="@+id/detail_desc"
                android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
                android:textSize="13sp"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
            <Button
                android:text="@{adapter.actionText}"
                android:onClick="@{adapter.clickHandler}"
                android:id="@+id/detail_action_button"
                android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:textColor="@color/white"
                android:background="@drawable/selector_g_button"
                android:layout_width="220dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </layout>
    

    3.3 DetailActivity3.java中调用填充

    如下代码所示,只需要在登录状态改变的时候,给viewDataBinding设置所需要的adatper、visibility值,即可完成数据的填充

    public class DetailActivity3 extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        ActivityDetail3Binding binding;
        public class ModelAdapter {
            ...
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_detail3);
            login();
        }
    
        private void login(){
            fill(User.newInstance());
        }
    
        private void logout(){
            fill(null);
        }
    
        private void fill(final User user){
            binding.setAdapter(new ModelAdapter(user));
            binding.setVisibility( user != null ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
        }
    }
    

    3.4 ActivityDetail3Binding中填充相关的代码分析

    同样,ActivityDetail3Binding中,编译器根据activity_detail3.xml中的<data>标签,自动生成了诸如setAdapter、setVisibility的代码,setAdapter相关代码如下:

    public class ActivityDetail3Binding extends ViewDataBinding{
        
        private ModelAdapter mAdapter;
        ...
        public void setAdapter(ModelAdapter adapter) {
            this.mAdapter = adapter;
            synchronized(this) {
                this.mDirtyFlags |= 1L;
            }
    
            this.notifyPropertyChanged(1);
            super.requestRebind();
        }
    
        public ModelAdapter getAdapter() {
            return this.mAdapter;
        }
        ...
    }
    

    非常简单,自动生成了getter和setter,在完成set操作后,调用执行notifyPropertyChangedsuper.requestRebind()

    • notifyPropertyChanged
      ViewDataBinding本身就是一个BaseObservable, 在往ViewDataBinding注册观察某个属性的变化,如果注册了mAdapter的变化,对应的观察器就会接收到回调。相关逻辑与反向Binding相关,谷歌官方还没给出相关使用文档,不再深入分析;

    • super.requestRebind()
      1.此函数为ViewDataBinding中的函数,具体实现为判断现在是否有Rebind请求,如果有则return;如果没有则根据运行时sdk版本交给handler或者choreographer插入到下一帧中执行mRebindRunnable。
      2.在mRebindRunnable中会根据当前sdk版本,如果大于等于KITKAT,则需要在onAttachToWindow后执行executePendingBindings;否则直接执行executePendingBindings。

    public abstract class ViewDataBinding extends BaseObservable {
        protected void requestRebind() {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (mPendingRebind) {
                    return;
                }
                mPendingRebind = true;
            }
            if (USE_CHOREOGRAPHER) {
                mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
            } else {
                mUIThreadHandler.post(mRebindRunnable);
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * Runnable executed on animation heartbeat to rebind the dirty Views.
         */
        private final Runnable mRebindRunnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (this) {
                    mPendingRebind = false;
                }
                if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                    // Nested so that we don't get a lint warning in IntelliJ
                    if (!mRoot.isAttachedToWindow()) {
                        // Don't execute the pending bindings until the View
                        // is attached again.
                        mRoot.removeOnAttachStateChangeListener(ROOT_REATTACHED_LISTENER);
                        mRoot.addOnAttachStateChangeListener(ROOT_REATTACHED_LISTENER);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                executePendingBindings();
            }
        };
    }
    

    3.在父类ViewDataBinding中经过一些的判断,调用到ActivityDetail3Binding中的executeBindings,在executeBindings中根据dirtyFlags执行不同的View属性赋值,以下所有ActivityDetail3Binding相关代码都是编译器自动生成的

    public class ActivityDetail3Binding extends ViewDataBinding{
        ...
    
        protected void executeBindings() {
            long dirtyFlags = 0L;
            synchronized(this) {
                dirtyFlags = this.mDirtyFlags;
                this.mDirtyFlags = 0L;
            }
    
            Drawable avatarAdapter = null;
            ModelAdapter adapter = this.mAdapter;
            String descAdapter = null;
            String nameAdapter = null;
            ActivityDetail3Binding.OnClickListenerImpl androidViewViewOnCli = null;
            String actionTextAdapter = null;
            int visibility = this.mVisibility;
            if((dirtyFlags & 5L) != 0L && adapter != null) {
                avatarAdapter = adapter.getAvatar();
                descAdapter = adapter.getDesc();
                nameAdapter = adapter.getName();
                androidViewViewOnCli = (this.mAndroidViewViewOnCl == null?(this.mAndroidViewViewOnCl = new ActivityDetail3Binding.OnClickListenerImpl()):this.mAndroidViewViewOnCl).setValue(adapter);
                actionTextAdapter = adapter.actionText();
            }
    
            if((dirtyFlags & 6L) != 0L) {
                ;
            }
    
            if((dirtyFlags & 5L) != 0L) {
                TextViewBindingAdapter.setText(this.detailActionButton, actionTextAdapter);
                this.detailActionButton.setOnClickListener(androidViewViewOnCli);
                ImageViewBindingAdapter.setImageDrawable(this.detailAvatar, avatarAdapter);
                TextViewBindingAdapter.setText(this.detailDesc, descAdapter);
                TextViewBindingAdapter.setText(this.detailName, nameAdapter);
            }
    
            if((dirtyFlags & 6L) != 0L) {
                this.detailAvatar.setVisibility(visibility);
                this.detailDesc.setVisibility(visibility);
                this.detailName.setVisibility(visibility);
            }
    
        }
        ...
    }
    

    至此,完成了View数据的填充分析。

    4 Binding

    自动生成的ViewDataBinding类(例如ActivityDetail3Binding)内包含了Model + View,是MVVM中的MV的概念。

    第2章的View注入,第3章的View赋值都是铺垫,他们最后都是为Binding操作进行服务。目前谷歌已经支持双向Binding,但上文已经提到,目前资料比较少。本文只关注单向的Binding,即:Model的变化,自动同步到View上。

    4.1 使用ObservableField

    目前所提供的ObservableField有:

    Observable类型 对应原类型
    ObservableArrayList ArrayList
    ObservableArrayMap ArrayMap
    ObservableBoolean boolean
    ObservableByte byte
    ObservableChar char
    ObservableFloat float
    ObservableDouble double
    ObservableLong long
    ObservableInt int
    ObservableParcelable<T extends Parcelable> <T extends Parcelable>
    ObservableField<T> <T>

    本文使用简单的ObservableInt作为示例,解决visibility的单项绑定问题。

    • 改造activity_detail4.xml:定义类型为ObservableInt的variable,name为visibility,随后赋值给ImageView的android:visibility,示例如下:
    <layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <data>
            <variable name="visibility" type="android.databinding.ObservableInt"/>
        </data>
        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">
           ...
            <ImageView
                android:visibility="@{visibility.get()}"
                android:id="@+id/detail_avatar"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_marginTop="-33dp"
                android:layout_width="66dp"
                android:layout_height="66dp" />
            ...
        </LinearLayout>
    </layout>
    
    • 改造DetailActivity4.java,只需要在onCreate时把visibility赋值给binding(ActivityDetail4Binding)即可,后面对visibility的操作,就会更新到view上,示例代码如下:
    public class DetailActivity4 extends AppCompatActivity {
        ActivityDetail4Binding binding;
        ObservableInt visibility = new ObservableInt();
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_detail4,new MyComponent());
            binding.setVisibility(visibility);
            login();
        }
    
        private void login(){  fill(User.newInstance());  }
    
        private void logout(){ fill(null); }
    
        private void fill(final User user){
            visibility.set(user != null ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
            ....
        }
        ....
    }
    

    4.2 ActivityDetail4Binding中单向绑定相关的代码分析

    与给ActivityDetail4Binding直接set纯Model不同,所有的ObservableField都实现了Observable接口,只要实现了Observable接口,都是单向Binding类型,所以ActivityDetail4Binding中的setVisibility多加了一行代码:this.updateRegistration(1, visibility),其中1为propertyId,目前一共自动生成了2个,0为adatper,1为visibility,代码如下:

    public class ActivityDetail4Binding extends ViewDataBinding {
        ...
        public void setVisibility(ObservableInt visibility) {
            this.updateRegistration(1, visibility);
            this.mVisibility = visibility;
            synchronized(this) {
                this.mDirtyFlags |= 2L;
            }
    
            this.notifyPropertyChanged(3);
            super.requestRebind();
        }
        ...
    }
    

    updateRegistration函数为ViewDataBinding中的函数,会根据 Observable、ObservableList、ObservableMap三种类型,分别创建对应的Listener。ObservableInt为Observable,所以会使用CREATE_PROPERTY_LISTENER,在registerTo函数中创建WeakPropertyListener
    代码如下:

    public abstract class ViewDataBinding extends BaseObservable {
        ...
        private boolean updateRegistration(int localFieldId, Object observable,
                CreateWeakListener listenerCreator) {
            if (observable == null) {
                return unregisterFrom(localFieldId);
            }
            WeakListener listener = mLocalFieldObservers[localFieldId];
            if (listener == null) {
                registerTo(localFieldId, observable, listenerCreator);
                return true;
            }
            if (listener.getTarget() == observable) {
                return false;//nothing to do, same object
            }
            unregisterFrom(localFieldId);
            registerTo(localFieldId, observable, listenerCreator);
            return true;
        }
        ...
    }
    

    在WeakPropertyListener的mListener有个setTarget函数,这个函数会向mObservable(即外面传进来的visibility)注册一个监听器,如果visibility值发生变化,这个listener就会得到通知,回调到WeakPropertyListeneronPropertyChanged,接着通知到binding(ActivityDetail4Binding)的handleFieldChange,在handleFieldChange中调用了ActivityDetail4BindingonFieldChange函数,如果返回值为true,则在handleFieldChange中调用requestRebind(),通知View进行赋值更新界面,onFieldChange相关代码如下:

    public abstract class ViewDataBinding extends BaseObservable {
        ...
       private void handleFieldChange(int mLocalFieldId, Object object, int fieldId) {
            boolean result = onFieldChange(mLocalFieldId, object, fieldId);
            if (result) {
                requestRebind();
            }
        }
        ...
    }
    
    public class ActivityDetail4Binding extends ViewDataBinding {
        ...
        protected boolean onFieldChange(int localFieldId, Object object, int fieldId) {
            switch(localFieldId) {
            case 0:
                return this.onChangeAdapter((ModelAdapter)object, fieldId);
            case 1:
                return this.onChangeVisibility((ObservableInt)object, fieldId);
            default:
                return false;
            }
        }
        ...
    }
    

    4.3 Observable Objects

    与4.1 ObservableField类似,可以改造一下ModelAdapter:为getter方法增加@Bindable注解,为setter方法增加notifyPropertyChanged(com.asha.demo.BR.name)通知。其中,BR是根据@Bindalbe自动生成的类,给getter方法增加@Bindable注解后,BR文件自动会生成一个整型的name。改造后代码如下:

    public class DetailActivity4 extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        ActivityDetail4Binding binding;
        ObservableInt visibility = new ObservableInt();
    
        public class ModelAdapter extends BaseObservable{
            private User user;
    
            public ModelAdapter(User user) {
                this.user = user;
            }
            ...
            @Bindable
            public String getName(){
                return user != null ? user.getName() : null;
            }
    
            public void setName(String name){
                if (user != null) user.setName(name);
                notifyPropertyChanged(com.asha.demo.BR.name);
            }
            ...
        }
        ...
    }
    

    随后,在DetailActivity4.java中调用测试代码,执行完会在1秒后改变adapter上的name值,并且同步到View上,测试代码如下:

    binding.detailActionButton.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            adapter.setName("haha");
        }
    },1000);
    

    具体原理与4.1类似,不再赘述。

    5 layout.xml中View属性的setter

    在下述示例中,detail_name这个TextView想把adapter.name赋值给自身的text属性,就需要调用textView.setText(String)方法,这个方法就是View属性的setter方法。

    <TextView
        android:text="@{adapter.name}"
        android:id="@+id/detail_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    

    5.1 @BindingAdapter

    上述的setter方法,Data Binding库帮我们实现了大部分默认方法,具体方法参见android.databinding.adapters包下的类,下图为ViewBindingAdatper具体实现,

    ViewBindingAdatper
    其中setter方法都为static方法,第一个参数都为自身的实例,后面为xml中传入的参数,只要加入@BindingAdapter注解,编译器就会全局搜索保存在一个temp文件中,并在生成类似ActivityDetail4Binding过程中去查找所需的setter方法的。如果需要自定义,只需要在任意app代码中定义@BindingAdapter即可,例如:
    public class DetailActivity4 extends AppCompatActivity {
        @BindingAdapter("android:alpha")
        public static void globalSetAlpha(View view, float alpha) {
            view.setAlpha(alpha);
        }
    }
    

    5.2 DataBindingComponent

    很多情况下只是某个Binding文件(例如ActivityDetail4Binding)需要自定义setter方法,这个时候就需要使用DataBindingComponent,

    • 首先,定义一个MyComponent,
    public class MyComponent implements android.databinding.DataBindingComponent {
        @BindingAdapter("android:alpha")
        public void setAlpha(View view, float alpha) {
            view.setAlpha(0.5f);
        }
    
        @Override
        public MyComponent getMyComponent() {
            return new MyComponent();
        }
    }
    
    • 接着,在生成Binding对象时传入这个DataBindingComponent实例,代码如下:
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_detail4,new MyComponent());
        ...
    }
    

    完成后,这个ActivityDetail4Binding范围内的所有android:alpha="@{foo}"的方式赋值alpha的setter函数都会使用MyComponent#setAlpha

    5.3 @BindingConversion

    有时候会遇到类型不匹配的问题,比如R.color.white是int,但是通过Data Binding赋值给android:background属性后,需要把int转换为ColorDrawable,实现方式如下:

    • 1.定义一个静态函数,放在项目任意类中,
    @BindingConversion
    public static Drawable convertColorToDrawable(int drawable) {
        return new ColorDrawable(drawable);
    }
    
    • 2.在layout.xml中使用Data Binding,如:
    <View
    android:background="@{adapter.avatar != null ? @color/detail_background : @color/colorAccent }"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="66dp">
    

    对应在ActivityDetail4Binding.java中生成的代码如下所示,其中AvatarAdapterObjectn1为int类型:

    ViewBindingAdapter.setBackground(this.mboundView1, DetailActivity4.convertColorToDrawable(AvatarAdapterObjectn1));
    

    5.4 @BindingMethod

    例如layout.xml中android:onClick属性,在Binding中真正使用setter时,就对应到了setOnClickListener方法,

    @BindingMethod(type = View.class, attribute = "android:onClick", method = "setOnClickListener"),
    

    6 Data Binding利用编译器在背后做的那些事儿

    Data Binding相关的jar包由四部分组成,

    • 1.baseLibrary-2.1.0-rc1.jar
      作为运行时类库被打进APK中;

    • 2.DataBinderPlugin(gradle plugin)
      在编译期使用,利用gradle-api(之前叫transform-api,1.5生,2.0改名)处理xml文件,生成DataBindingInfo.java;

    • 3.compiler-2.1.0-rc1.jar
      在编译器使用,入口类继承自AbstractProcessor,用于处理注解,并生成Binding类,DataBindingCompoent.java,DataBinderMapper.java类;

    • 4.compilerCommon-2.1.0-rc1.jar
      DataBinderPlugincompiler-2.1.0-rc1.jar所依赖

    为了提高运行时的效率,Data Binding在背后做了非常多的工作,下图是我整理的编译流程,如图所示:

    Data Binding编译流程

    6.1 相关对象介绍

    • 白色部分为输入,包括
      1.res/layout;
      2.源代码中的注解;

    • 黄色部分为编译器处理类,包括
      1.aapt编译时处理,入口类名为MakeCopy.java;
      2.gradle-api处理,入口类名为DataBinderPlugin.java;
      3.AbstractProcessor处理,入口类名为ProcessDataBinding.java

    • 蓝色部分为中间产物,包括
      1.data-binding-info文件夹,包含了layout的基本信息,导入的变量,View标签中的表达式,标签的位置索引等等,如下所示为data-binding-info/activity_detail3-layout.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <Layout layout="activity_detail3" modulePackage="com.asha.demo" absoluteFilePath="/Users/Asha/Desktop/AndroidDataBinding/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_detail3.xml" directory="layout" isMerge="false">
      
      <Variables declared="true" type="com.asha.demo.DetailActivity3.ModelAdapter" name="adapter">
        <location startLine="3" startOffset="8" endLine="3" endOffset="83"/>
      </Variables>
    
      <Variables declared="true" type="int" name="visibility">
        <location startLine="4" startOffset="8" endLine="4" endOffset="47"/>
      </Variables>
      <Targets>
    
        <Target tag="layout/activity_detail3_0" view="LinearLayout">
          <Expressions/>
          <location startLine="6" startOffset="4" endLine="51" endOffset="18"/>
        </Target>
    
        <Target id="@+id/detail_avatar" tag="binding_1" view="ImageView">
          <Expressions>
            <Expression text="adapter.avatar" attribute="android:src">
              <Location startLine="15" startOffset="12" endLine="15" endOffset="42"/>
              <TwoWay>false</TwoWay>
              <ValueLocation startLine="15" startOffset="27" endLine="15" endOffset="40"/>
            </Expression>
    
            <Expression text="visibility" attribute="android:visibility">
              <Location startLine="16" startOffset="12" endLine="16" endOffset="45"/>
              <TwoWay>false</TwoWay>
              <ValueLocation startLine="16" startOffset="34" endLine="16" endOffset="43"/>
            </Expression>
          </Expressions>
          <location startLine="14" startOffset="8" endLine="21" endOffset="42"/>
        </Target>
    
        ....
      </Targets>
    </Layout>
    

    2.setter_store.bin,包含所有setter相关信息;
    3.layoutinfo.bin,包含所有layout相关信息;
    4.br.bin,包含所有BR相关信息;
    以上bin文件都以Serializable方式序列化到磁盘上,需要的时候进行反序列化操作;

    • 绿色部分为最终产物,包括
      1.data-binding-layout-out(最终输出到res/layout),即去掉根节点<layout>,去掉节点<data>,与不使用Data Binding时的layout相一致,例如data-binding-layout-out/activity_detail2.xml:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" android:tag="layout/activity_detail2_0" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <View
            android:background="@color/detail_background"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="66dp">
        </View>
        ...
    </LinearLayout>
    

    2.DataBindingInfo.class,一个看似空的类,但在SOURCE阶段包含了一个@BindingBuildInfo注解,包含了基本DataBinding的基本信息,代码如下:

    // DataBindingInfo.class
    public class DataBindingInfo {
        public DataBindingInfo() {
        }
    }
    // @BindingBuildInfo
    @Target({ElementType.TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface BindingBuildInfo {
        String buildId();
        String modulePackage();
        String sdkRoot();
        int minSdk();
        String layoutInfoDir();
        String exportClassListTo();
        boolean isLibrary();
        boolean enableDebugLogs() default false;
        boolean printEncodedError() default false;
    }
    

    3.DataBindingComponent.class,会根据自定义的DataBindingComponent自动生成对应实例化方法,例如:

    public interface DataBindingComponent {
        MyComponent getMyComponent();
    }
    

    4.ViewDataBinding.class的子类(ActivityDetail2Binding.class等)
    5.BR.class,Bindable属性索引表,例如:

    public class BR {
        public static final int _all = 0;
        public static final int adapter = 1;
        public static final int name = 2;
        public static final int visibility = 3;
    
        public BR() {
        }
    }
    

    6.DataBindingMapper.class,Mapper,用于寻找某个layout.xml对应的ViewDataBinding类,例如:

    class DataBinderMapper {
        static final int TARGET_MIN_SDK = 16;
    
        public DataBinderMapper() {
        }
    
        public ViewDataBinding getDataBinder(DataBindingComponent bindingComponent, View view, int layoutId) {
            switch(layoutId) {
            case 2130968602:
                return ActivityDetail2Binding.bind(view, bindingComponent);
            case 2130968603:
                return ActivityDetail3Binding.bind(view, bindingComponent);
           ....
            default:
                return null;
            }
        }
    
        ViewDataBinding getDataBinder(DataBindingComponent bindingComponent, View[] views, int layoutId) {
            return null;
        }
    
        int getLayoutId(String tag) {
            if(tag == null) {
                return 0;
            } else {
                int code = tag.hashCode();
                switch(code) {
                case -600937657:
                    if(tag.equals("layout/activity_detail2_0")) {
                        return 2130968602;
                    }
                    break;
                case -600936696:
                    if(tag.equals("layout/activity_detail3_0")) {
                        return 2130968603;
                    }
                    break;
                ....
    
                return 0;
            }
        }
    
        String convertBrIdToString(int id) {
            return id >= 0 && id < DataBinderMapper.InnerBrLookup.sKeys.length?DataBinderMapper.InnerBrLookup.sKeys[id]:null;
        }
    
        private static class InnerBrLookup {
            static String[] sKeys = new String[]{"_all", "adapter", "name", "visibility"};
    
            private InnerBrLookup() {
            }
        }
    }
    

    6.2 相关编译流程

    • STEP1 资源处理
      aapt或者gradle执行时,都会触发资源处理,在资源处理过程中,DataBinding都会扫描一遍现有的资源,生成不包含<layout>data-binding-layout-out以及DataBinding所需要的data-binding-info
    • STEP2 DataBindingInfo.class生成
      在完成资源处理后,aapt或者gradle-api都会去执行DataBindingInfo.class生成操作,把相关的信息写入DataBindingInfo.class@BindingBuildInfo注解中;
    • STEP3 监听到注解变化
      生成@BindingBuildInfo注解,或者code中发现有新的注解写入,AbstractProcessor注解处理器就开始执行注解处理。DataBinding中有一个ProcessDataBinding.java类专门来处理DataBinding相关的注解;
    • STEP4 ProcessDataBinding处理注解,生成bin
      ProcessDataBinding中处理注解永远会按顺执行3步,ProcessMethodAdapterProcessExpressionsProcessBindable。每次执行都会从磁盘反序列化对应的bin文件,然后忘bin中写入新的,完成后再序列化到磁盘;
    • STEP5 生成最终产物
      执行ProcessMethodAdapter生成DataBindingComponents.class;执行ProcessExpressions生成ViewDataBinding.class子类(ActivityDetail2Binding.class),并触发DataBindingMapper.class更新;执行ProcessBindable生成BR.class,并触发DataBindingMapper.class更新;

    7 细节补充-View Tag的使用

    第二章有讲到View是如何注入的,其实需要分两种情况:

    • 1.如果这个View标签属性中只有id,没有其他"@{表达式}"形式,则按照第2章提到的方式直接通过id查找;
    • 2.如果这个View标签属性中有"@{表达式}"形式的值,则编译器会自动给这个View加个android:tag="binding_{N}", 其中{N}按顺序从0开始递增,如android:tag="binding_0"。当执行ViewDataBinding#mapBindings去注入View时,会找tag为binding_开头的View,随后执行View注入;

    另外,如果View标签原来就有android:tag值,则编译器会先保存原有值信息,写入android:tag="binding_{N}"。当执行完view注入后,再把原来的值赋值给android:tag。注意如果原来的android:tag值为"binding_0",那么在View注入时将会发生错乱。

    在完成View注入后,ActivityDetail3Binding会执行this.setRootTag(root),代码如下:

    public class ActivityDetail3Binding extends ViewDataBinding {
    
        public ActivityDetail3Binding(DataBindingComponent bindingComponent, View root) {
            super(bindingComponent, root, 0);
            Object[] bindings = mapBindings(bindingComponent, root, 5, sIncludes, sViewsWithIds);
            this.detailActionButton = (Button)bindings[4];
            this.detailActionButton.setTag((Object)null);
            ...
            this.setRootTag(root);
            this.invalidateAll();
        }
    }
    

    这与ListView中的ViewHoloder实现方式相似,所以如果把DataBinding运用到ListView的ViewHolder中,就不需要多生成一个ViewHolder,直接使用这个ViewDataBinding类即可,例如ListAdapter实现:

    public static class ListAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
        ...
    
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ItemFooBinding binding;
            if (convertView == null){
                LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext());
                binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate(inflater,R.layout.item_foo,parent,false);
            } else {
                binding = DataBindingUtil.getBinding(convertView);
            }
            if (binding == null) return null;
    
            bind(binding,position);
            return binding.getRoot();
        }
    
        private void bind(ItemFooBinding binding, int position) {
            binding.title.setText("position:" + position);
    
            Context context = binding.avatar.getContext();
            int colorId = position % 2 == 0  ? R.color.colorAccent : R.color.colorPrimary;
            binding.avatar.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(context,colorId));
        }
    }
    

    8 总结

    • DataBinding 库非常小
      目前Android Data Binding在运行类库只有632个方法数,算上每个layout.xml自动生成的ViewDataBinding子类(demo中每个类不超过20个方法数),方法数总和也非常有限。


      Data Binding方法数
    • DataBinding 运行时没有多余性能损耗
      DataBinding所有的View注入、View赋值、Binding都是编译器自动生成的代码,这些重复的体力劳动本身就需要去做,只是交给了编译器来完成,所以运行时没有多余的性能损耗。
    • DataBinding 可以减少错误率
      既然View注入、View赋值、Binding都是编译器自动完成的,只要使用正确,100%无低级错误保证,可以提高代码质量,让开发者心情愉悦。
    • DataBinding 对编译时长的影响
      还没实际运用到生产环境,肯定有所延长,具体量级还未知。

    9 Reference

    官方Data-Binding-Guide
    杨辉的个人博客-(译)Data Binding 指南
    LyndonChin/MasteringAndroidDataBinding
    googlesource/data-binding

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      网友评论

      • 请叫我小Q:自动生成的那个activityDataBinding生成不出来怎么破 完全不给力啊
      • 李岳锋:私以为,我觉得MVP就够了... ...findViewById,几年前我也觉得烦,并通过各种注解框架解决,要说最方便的,那直接去用kotlin.... 至于数据绑定,我觉得把数据绑定写在xml里面,也不太友好,如果我要复用这个xml到另一个项目,咋做?增大学习成本,一些不熟的人,还可能在layouts里做一堆判断或业务逻辑处理。。。原则上,就破坏了xml,应该做为描述界面的单一职责原则。。。至于一个APP开发的速度,很多时候,卡住开发时间的,不是这些数据绑定和处理上......很多时候,卡住的是某个UI效果的实现和兼容适配的问题上。
        Alex_Cin:xml不要写过多逻辑,这个很认同。另外,不喜欢搞这些短生命周期的技术,可以多看一些长生命周期的技术,如果不是太小的厂或者很有话语权,普通搬砖匠是没有选择权的。另外,别排斥新技术,偶尔看一下打发时间也是可以的。
      • 53b46dcd994d:看完后云里雾里,你们到底还要不要菜鸟活?findViewById玩这么多
      • bravian:总结得很不错
      • WangDDY:求源码下载地址
      • 小张呵呵:项目中使用后,代码量大大的减少,值得推荐
      • 5b2b4b0c0640:大神,modelAdapter中的点击事件方法xml中怎么绑定,按你这样写不行
      • 午空:先顶后看 赞!!!
      • 6baf418d68c7:看不懂。
      • Euterpe:先mark后看 作者真棒!最近想学习下这个来弄mvvm

      本文标题:Android Data Binding从抵触到爱不释手

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