Android动画的基本使用

作者: AmatorLee | 来源:发表于2016-09-10 21:20 被阅读255次

    生化本来就不容易啊,而我们的不努力只会让生活变得更加无赖

    这一个月发生的事有点多,有那么一段时间在缓冲。然后课程也开始比较密集,一天到晚不是去上课就是在去上课的路上。但是学习不能停,本来这些个笔记是在之前就应该整理的,但是一直到现在才有心思在学习《Android群英传》的基础上总结学习笔记。
    今天的笔记是关于安卓的动画,这个稍微接触过安卓的朋友都不会陌生,Android的动画主要分为视图动画和属性动画,在3.0之前视图动画一家独大,在一开始基本可以满足我们的需求,但是为什么会出现属性动画呢?那肯定是试图动画越来越不满足实际开发的需要了,至于是什么?接下来会涉及。首先我们先来了解一下基本用法。

    Android的视图动画

    说到视图动画,得先认识Animation这个类,这个是什么意思呢?可以自行请教英语老师。但我们也还是需认识它的四个扩展类:

    1. AlphaAnmiation(透明度动画)
    2. RotateAnimation(旋转动画)
    3. TranslateAnimation(位移动画)
    4. ScaleAnimation(缩放动画)

    这几个类的用法十分简单,可以在代码中直接使用或者在布局文件中定义使用(直接看用法)

    • MainActivity.java
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        private Button btnAlpha ,btnRotate,btnTranslate,btnScale ,btnSet;
        private AlphaAnimation a;
        private RotateAnimation r ;
        private TranslateAnimation t;
        private ScaleAnimation scale;
        private AnimationSet set ;
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            btnAlpha = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAlpha);
            btnRotate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnRotate);
            btnTranslate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnTranslate);
            btnScale = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnScale);
            btnSet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSet);
            btnAlpha.setOnClickListener(this);
            btnRotate.setOnClickListener(this);
            btnTranslate.setOnClickListener(this);
            btnScale.setOnClickListener(this);
            btnSet.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
        /**
         * AlphaAnimation
         * @param v
         */
        private void btnAlpha(View v){
            a = new AlphaAnimation(0,1);
            a.setDuration(1000);
            v.startAnimation(a);
        }
    
        /**
         * RotateAnimation
         * @param v
         */
        private void btnRotate(View v){
            //参数分别为旋转角度和旋转中心
            r = new RotateAnimation(0,360,100,100);
            r.setDuration(1000);
            v.startAnimation(r);
        }
    
        /**
         * TranslateAnimation
         * @param v
         */
        private void btnTranslate(View v){
            t = new TranslateAnimation(0,200,0,200);
            t.setDuration(1000);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Button onClick",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            //动画结束后不归位
            t.setFillAfter(true);
            v.startAnimation(t);
            //动画监听
            t.setAnimationListener(new Animation.AnimationListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
                }
            });
        }
    
        /**
         * ScaleAnimation
         * @param view
         */
        private void btnScale(View view){
            scale = new ScaleAnimation(0,2,0,2);
            scale.setDuration(1000);
            view.startAnimation(scale);
        }
    
        /**
         * ScaleAnimation
         * @param v
         */
        private void btnSet(View v){
            AnimationSet set = new AnimationSet(true);
            set.setDuration(1000);
            set.addAnimation(a);
            set.addAnimation(r);
            set.addAnimation(t);
            set.addAnimation(scale);
            v.startAnimation(set);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            switch (view.getId()){
                case R.id.btnAlpha:
                    btnAlpha(view);
                    break;
                case R.id.btnRotate:
                    btnRotate(view);
                    break;
                case R.id.btnTranslate:
                    btnTranslate(view);
                    break;
                case R.id.btnScale:
                    btnScale(view);
                    break;
                case R.id.btnSet:
                    btnSet(view);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }```
     * 效果
    
    ![Animation](http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i2605454/59620f609b79b8d2.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip)
     * 总结:相信大家都会从上面效果图看到视图动画到底有什么问题(请注意TRANSLATE),是的,这件诡异的事情说明视图动画**不具备交互性**是越来越满足不了用户,更别说什么良好的用户体验,所以大家也会明白为什么Google会再3.0推出属性动画了吧。那么接下来就愉快地学习属性动画的基本用法吧!
    
    ### Android的属性动画
    学习视图动画就必须认识这两个类:
    1.  ObjectAnimator(儿子)
    2. ValueAnimator (爸爸)
    
    #####ObjectAnimator的基本用法
    ObjectAnimatior和AnimatorSet的结合就可以一次满足所有基本需求
    

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private Button btnAlpha ,btnRotate,btnTranslate,btnScale ,btnSet;
    private ObjectAnimator animator;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btnAlpha = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAlpha);
        btnRotate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnRotate);
        btnTranslate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnTranslate);
        btnScale = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnScale);
        btnSet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSet);
        btnAlpha.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnRotate.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnTranslate.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnScale.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnSet.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    
    
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        int id = view.getId();
        switch (id){
            case R.id.btnAlpha:
                btnAlpha(view);
                break;
            case R.id.btnRotate:
                btnRotate(view);
                break;
            case R.id.btnTranslate:
                btnTranslate(view);
                break;
            case R.id.btnScale:
                btnScale(view);
                break;
            case R.id.btnSet:
                btnSet(view);
                break;
        }
    }
    
    private void btnSet(View view) {
        ObjectAnimator o1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"translationX",0,200);
        ObjectAnimator o2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"rotation",0,360);
        ObjectAnimator o3 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"scaleX",0,2);
        AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
        set.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());//插值器
        set.setDuration(1000);
    

    // set.playSequentially(o1,o2,o3);//顺序
    set.playTogether(o1,o2,o3);//一起执行
    // set.play(o1).after(o2).with(o3);//制定顺序
    set.start();
    //监听事件
    set.addListener(new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
    @Override
    public void onAnimationStart(Animator animator) {

            }
    
            @Override
            public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animator) {
                showToast();
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animator) {
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animator) {
    
            }
        });
        //只关注一个时刻的监听
        set.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                super.onAnimationEnd(animation);
                showToast();
            }
        });
    }
    
    private void btnScale(View view) {
        animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"scaleX",0,2);
        animator.setDuration(1000);
        animator.start();
    }
    
    private void btnTranslate(View view) {
        animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"translationX",0,200);
        animator.setDuration(1000);
        animator.start();
    }
    
    private void btnRotate(View view) {
        animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"rotation",0,360);
        animator.setDuration(1000);
        animator.start();
    }
    
    private void btnAlpha(View view) {
        animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"alpha",1,0);
        animator.setDuration(1000);
        animator.start();
    }
    

    }```

    • 同时也可以通过PropertyValuesHolder来实现类似AnimatorSet的PlayTogether()的效果
     PropertyValuesHolder p1 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("translationX",0,200);
            PropertyValuesHolder p2 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("scaleX",0,2);
            PropertyValuesHolder p3 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("scaleY",0,2);
            PropertyValuesHolder p4 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("rotation",0,360);
            ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder(view,p1,p2,p3,p4)
            .setDuration(1000).start();``` 
     * 属性说明
       1. ```translationX和translationY```(坐标偏移)
       2. ```rotation,rotationX和rotationY```(3D,2D旋转)
      3. ```scaleX和scaleY```(2D缩放)
      4. ```pivotX和pivotY```(支点,默认为view的中心点)
      5. ```x和y```(最终位置)
      6. ```alpha```(透明度,默认值1为不透)
    
     * 效果
    
    ![ObjectAnimator](http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i2605454/da4f4836a1c173df.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip)
    
    #####ValueAnimator的基本用法(数值发生器)
    

    final Button b = (Button) view;
    ValueAnimator v = ValueAnimator.ofInt(0, 100);
    v.setDuration(5000);
    v.setTarget(view);
    v.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
    @Override
    public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator valueAnimator) {
    Integer i = (Integer) valueAnimator.getAnimatedValue();
    b.setText("" + i);
    }
    });
    v.start();```

    • 如上实现一个Button在5S内实现计时器。
    常用拓展

    经常会在app(如QQ音乐)的某些选择操作会有个底部弹窗给用户选择,所以趁着这次学习Android动画顺便学习了一下这个弹窗的做法。顺便还复习了一遭RecyclerView的用法,之前也写过一篇关于RecyclerView的笔记RecyclerView的基本用法(一)

    代码如下:
    1. style.xml
    <style name="PopupDialog" parent="android:Theme.Dialog">
    
            <item name="android:windowContentOverlay">@null</item>
            <item name="android:windowFrame">@null</item>
            <item name="android:background">@android:color/transparent</item>
            <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
        </style>```
      关于style的这里有一篇博文,基本满足需求:[Style属性](http://blog.csdn.net/jflex/article/details/7854573)
    
     2.  enter_menu.xml(进入动画)
    

    <objectAnimator
    android:propertyName="translationY"
    android:valueFrom="100"
    android:valueTo="0"
    android:duration="300">
    </objectAnimator>```

    1. exit_menu.xml(退出动画)
           android:duration="300"
           android:propertyName="translationY"
           android:valueFrom="0"
           android:valueTo="100" />```
    4. item_choice.xml
    

    <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

    <TextView
        android:padding="10dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="15sp"
        android:textColor="#888"
        android:text="@string/app_name">
    </TextView>
    

    </LinearLayout>```

    1. PopupDialog.java
    public class Popupdialog extends Dialog implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        private Animator enterAnimator,exitAnimator;//进出动画
        private View mContentView; 
        private RecyclerView recyclerView;
        private boolean isClose;//dialog状态
        private Button btnCancek;
        private List<String> list;
        private RecyclerAdapter adapter;
    
        public Popupdialog(Context context) {
            super(context,R.style.PopupDialog);//设置基本属性
            getWindow().setGravity(Gravity.BOTTOM);//底部弹窗
            initView(context);//初始View
            initAnimator(context);//初始动画
        }
    
        public Popupdialog(Context context, int themeResId) {
            super(context, themeResId);
        }
    
        public Popupdialog(Context context, boolean cancelable, OnCancelListener cancelListener) {
            super(context, cancelable, cancelListener);
        }
    
        private void initView(final Context context) {
            mContentView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(item,null);
            btnCancek = (Button) mContentView.findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
            btnCancek.setOnClickListener(this);
            recyclerView = (RecyclerView) mContentView.findViewById(R.id.popupRecycler);
            recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(context,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false));
            ItemDecoration item = new ItemDecoration(context, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
            recyclerView.addItemDecoration(item);
            recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
            list = new ArrayList<>();
            adapter = new RecyclerAdapter(context,list);
            recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
            adapter.setListener(new RecyclerAdapter.onItemClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onItemClick(View itemView, int adapterPosition) {
                    showToast(context,adapterPosition);
                    if (itemClickListener != null){
                        itemClickListener.itemClick(adapterPosition);
                    }
                    dismiss();
                }
            });
            setContentView(mContentView);
        }
    
        public Popupdialog addItem(String str){
            list.add(str);
            return this;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void show() {
            adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            super.show();
            //适配屏幕大小,必须在show()方法后
            Window window = getWindow();
            WindowManager.LayoutParams wl = window.getAttributes();
            wl.width = MainActivity.getMetrics().widthPixels;
            window.setAttributes(wl);
            //退出动画
            exitAnimator.setTarget(mContentView);
            enterAnimator.start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void dismiss() {
            super.dismiss();
            if (isClose){
                return;
            }
            isClose = true;
            //动画进入
            exitAnimator.setTarget(mContentView);
            exitAnimator.start();
        }
    
        public void disMissMe(){
            super.dismiss();
            isClose = false;
        }
        private void showToast(Context context, int adapterPosition) {
            Toast.makeText(context,adapterPosition + "onClick",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    
        private void initAnimator(Context context) {
            enterAnimator = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(context,R.animator.menu_enter);
            exitAnimator = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(context,R.animator.menu_exit);
            exitAnimator.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                    super.onAnimationEnd(animation);
                    disMissMe();
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            onBackPressed();
        }
    
        public interface ItemClickListener{
            void itemClick(int adapterPosition);
        }
        private ItemClickListener itemClickListener;
    
        public void setItemClickListener(ItemClickListener itemClickListener) {
            this.itemClickListener = itemClickListener;
        }
    }
    
    • 效果
    PopupDialog
    总结

    Android的动画基本如上,但是这些都是建立在巨人的肩膀上的,希望自己以后认真学习,争取尽快拥有满足市场要求的能力。另外,这个月的事的确影响到自己,希望自己认识到个中因由,警示自己,不断向前!
    如果你觉得本文有所错漏,请指出批评,交流学习共同进步

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