最近因为公司的需求，要开发蓝牙的智能设备，通过网上查找资料，终于实现了蓝牙连接，通信的功能。
重点1：蓝牙连接其实是不需要配对的！！！
重点2：高版本Android系统，需要设置动态权限，除了蓝牙的一些控制权限，蓝牙搜索还需要定位权限。
参考资料：
Android开发之蓝牙详解(一)
Android BLE开发详解和FastBle源码解析
FastBle
- 蓝牙状态广播，可以获取蓝牙打开，关闭状态。
/**
* 广播监听蓝牙状态
*/
public class BlueToothValueReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
public static int DEFAULT_VALUE_BULUETOOTH = 1000;
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {
int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, DEFAULT_VALUE_BULUETOOTH);
switch (state) {
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
LogUtils.d("蓝牙已关闭");
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
LogUtils.d("蓝牙已打开");
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
LogUtils.d("正在打开蓝牙");
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
LogUtils.d("正在关闭蓝牙");
break;
default:
LogUtils.d("未知状态");
}
}
}
}
//注册广播，蓝牙状态监听
blueToothValueReceiver = new BlueToothValueReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(blueToothValueReceiver, filter);
蓝牙状态.jpg
- 蓝牙搜索广播,可以获取到蓝牙的名称和物理地址，在未连接之前，拿不到uuid。
/**
* 蓝牙搜索
*/
public class BlueToothFoundReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//获取广播Action
String action = intent.getAction();
//判断广播是搜索到设备还是搜索完成
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
// 找到设备后获取其设备
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
LogUtils.d("扫描到了：" + device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n");
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED)) {
LogUtils.e("搜索开启");
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) {
LogUtils.e("搜索完成");
}
}
}
//蓝牙搜索
blueToothFoundReceiver = new BlueToothFoundReceiver();
IntentFilter filter_found = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
filter_found.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
filter_found.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
registerReceiver(blueToothFoundReceiver, filter_found);
广播结果.jpg
- 蓝牙配对也有广播。
/**
* 蓝牙配对广播
*/
public class BlueToothBondReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {
// 找到设备后获取其设备
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
switch (device.getBondState()) {
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
//正在配对
LogUtils.d("正在配对");
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
//配对结束
LogUtils.d("配对结束");
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
//取消配对/未配对
LogUtils.d("取消配对/未配对");
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
- 除了这些广播，还有蓝牙工具，通过BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();获取adapter，然后所有操作都基于这adapter。代码里面都有注释，很简单的，所以直接贴代码了。
/**
* 蓝牙工具类
*/
public class BlueToothUtils {
private Activity activity;
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
//蓝牙是否可用
private boolean bleEnable = false;
public BlueToothUtils(Activity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
bleEnable = checkBlueToothEnable();
}
/**
* 检测设备是否支持蓝牙
*/
public boolean checkBlueToothEnable() {
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
ToastUtils.showShort("该设备不支持蓝牙");
return false;
} else {
ToastUtils.showShort("该设备能支持蓝牙");
return true;
}
}
/**
* 让用户去设置蓝牙
*/
public void setBlueTooth() {
if (bleEnable) {
Intent blueTooth = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS);
activity.startActivity(blueTooth);
}
}
/**
* 打开蓝牙
*/
public void onBlueTooth() {
if (bleEnable) {
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
ToastUtils.showShort("蓝牙已打开，不用在点了~");
} else {
bluetoothAdapter.enable();
}
}
}
/**
* 关闭蓝牙
*/
public void offBlueTooth() {
if (bleEnable) {
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
bluetoothAdapter.disable();
} else {
ToastUtils.showShort("蓝牙已关闭，不用在点了~");
}
}
}
/**
* 获取已经配对的设备
*/
public Set<BluetoothDevice> getConnectedDevices() {
if (bleEnable) {
if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
return bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 可发现模式
* 默认情况下，设备的可发现模式会持续120秒。
* 通过给Intent对象添加EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION附加字段，可以定义不同持续时间。
* 应用程序能够设置的最大持续时间是3600秒
*/
public void discoverableDuration() {
Intent discoverableIntent = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//定义持续时间
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
activity.startActivity(discoverableIntent);
}
/**
* 扫描蓝牙，会走广播
*/
public void startDiscovery() {
if (bleEnable) {
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
ToastUtils.showShort("扫描蓝牙设备");
}
}
/**
* 停止扫描
*/
public void stopDiscovery() {
if (bleEnable) {
if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
}
}
}
/**
* 扫描蓝牙
*/
public void startScan() {
if (bleEnable) {
bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner().startScan(new ScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
//信号强度，是负的，数值越大代表信号强度越大
result.getRssi();
super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);
}
@Override
public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results) {
super.onBatchScanResults(results);
}
@Override
public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
super.onScanFailed(errorCode);
}
});
ToastUtils.showShort("扫描蓝牙设备");
}
}
/**
* 停止扫描
*/
public void stopScan() {
if (bleEnable) {
bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner().stopScan(new ScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);
}
@Override
public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results) {
super.onBatchScanResults(results);
}
@Override
public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
super.onScanFailed(errorCode);
}
});
}
}
/**
* 连接设备
*/
public void connectGatt(final BluetoothDevice device) {
stopDiscovery();
if (bleEnable) {
device.connectGatt(activity, true, new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
switch (status) {
case BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS:
//连接成功
break;
case BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED:
//发现蓝牙服务
break;
}
super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);
}
});
}
}
}
- 连上蓝牙是不需要配对的，可以从BluetoothGatt里获取信息,比如UUID。
List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = gatt.getServices();
for (BluetoothGattService service : serviceList) {
UUID uuid_service = service.getUuid();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristicList = service.getCharacteristics();
for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristicList) {
UUID uuid_chara = characteristic.getUuid();
}
}
- 用FastBle框架,可以接受蓝牙设备的通知。这里的uuid要么你用循环，遍历出能用的，然后存起来，要么直接让做设备的部门直接给你uuid。
private void bleNotify(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt) {
List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = gatt.getServices();
for (BluetoothGattService service : serviceList) {
UUID uuid_service = service.getUuid();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristicList = service.getCharacteristics();
for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristicList) {
UUID uuid_chara = characteristic.getUuid();
BleManager.getInstance().notify(
bleDevice,
uuid_service.toString(),
uuid_chara.toString(),
new BleNotifyCallback() {
@Override
public void onNotifySuccess() {
// 打开通知操作成功
LogUtils.d("notify success");
}
@Override
public void onNotifyFailure(BleException exception) {
// 打开通知操作失败
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(byte[] data) {
// 打开通知后，设备发过来的数据将在这里出现
LogUtils.d("Notify:" + HexUtil.encodeHexStr(data));
}
});
}
}
}
- 发送数据给蓝牙设备。也是一样样，获取相应的uuid。
private void write(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt) {
List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = gatt.getServices();
for (BluetoothGattService service : serviceList) {
UUID uuid_service = service.getUuid();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristicList = service.getCharacteristics();
for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristicList) {
UUID uuid_chara = characteristic.getUuid();
BleManager.getInstance().write(
bleDevice,
uuid_service.toString(),
uuid_chara.toString(),
HexUtil.hexStringToBytes("0x5A"),
new BleWriteCallback() {
@Override
public void onWriteSuccess(int current, int total, byte[] justWrite) {
}
@Override
public void onWriteFailure(BleException exception) {
}
});
}
}
}
- 最后，像我做的这个蓝牙设备，是需要对数据编码和解码的，十六进制异或运算，大家可以根据自己的需求自己写，或者厂商给你的设备是会有文档的，多看看文档。
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