笃学奖-Topic 1-B17449-甘比精读

Day 1：

hard －假说演绎法 －evidence - try - limited - theories - chain －bold - star - library －scientific －micro －untouchable - Ross - unbelievable - modern - gene - long

阅读时间：20分钟

1. ongoing

     still happening or being done

     an ongoing discussion/investigation/study

2. lay foundations for

[搭配]VERB + FOUNDATION

-    build, lay, provide (sth with)

  建立基础；打下基础；（为…）提供基础:

   This agreement laid a sound foundation for future cooperation between the two countries.

   这项协议为两国将来的合作打下了坚实的基础。

-    build on

在…基础上发展:

   We now have a firm foundation to build on.

    我们现在有了一个坚实的发展基础。

-    rest on

立于…基础上:

   The peace treaty rests on shaky foundations.

    这项和平条约建于不稳固的基础上。

-    rock, shake, strike at, threaten, undermine

动摇基础；破坏根基；威胁基础；毁坏根基:

     an event which rocked the foundations of British politics

       动摇英国政治根基的事件

3.empirical

based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory

以经验为依据的

empirical knowledeg

4.Builing on the work of ... , and soon to be reinforced by ...

优秀句型，十分简练

5. pick holes

pick holes in something : to try and make an idea or piece of work seem bad by finding all the things that are wrong or missing

It was almost impossible to pick holes in his argument.

6.falsify

- prove (sth) to be false 证明（某事物）虚假: falsify a theory 证明一理论不成立.

- alter (eg a document) falsely 窜改（如文件）; 伪造: falsify records, accounts, etc 伪造记录﹑ 帐目等

- present (sth) falsely 歪曲（某事物）: falsify an issue, facts, etc 歪曲问题﹑ 事实等.

7.spot

to notice someone or something

Hugh was spotted by local police and had to leave quickly.

spot someone doing something:

The boys had been spotted buying alcohol.

8.speculative

based on guesses or on a little information, not on facts

highly speculative:

Scientists dismiss suggestions that the substance is toxic as highly speculative.

9.deflection

science 偏转

10.paper-thin foil

paper-thin: extremely thin

11. artillery shell 炮弹

12. all the more/better

even more better etc than before

I enjoy playing tennis, and if they’re willing to pay me for it – well, all the better!

13.compelling

- interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely

     a compelling story

- able to persuade someone to do something or persuade them that something is true

     There was compelling evidence in her defence.

[S] irresistible

14.the four bodily humours

The four humors are black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood

humour  四种体液（血液﹑ 黏液﹑ 胆汁﹑ 忧郁液）之一种（曾认为可对人的性情和健康起决定作用）.

15.燃素说（英语：Phlogiston theory），一个已被取代的化学理论，起源于17世纪。这个理论假设，任何物质在燃烧时，都会释放出一种名叫燃素（Phlogiston）的成份。

16.progression

gradual change or development  一连串

     Career progression from trainee to junior management levels can be rapid.

progression of:

The drug can slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

17.apparatus

set of instruments, etc used esp in scientific experiments

laboratory apparatus

18.cathode ray   阴极射线

19.the chain goes back through decades and centuries.

20.supernova 超新星

21.alchemy 炼金术

22. groundbreaking

using new methods, or achieving new results

     a groundbreaking study of plant diversity

23.overturn

to say officially that something such as a decision or law is wrong and change it

     The appeal court refused to overturn the lower court’s decision.

24.quash

to stop something from continuing

     They acted quickly to quash the rumours.

25.mystical

relating to or involving mysterious religious or spiritual powers

     He had undergone a profound mystical experience.

26.fold-out

 a fold-out table, bed, or page is kept folded in a smaller shape when you are not using it

27.host

a lot of people or things

host of:

The hotel offers a host of leisure activities.

28.periodic table of the elements  元素周期表

29.leapflogging

leapflog, game 跳山羊

30.daunting

something that is daunting makes you worried because you think that it will be very difficult or dangerous to do

a daunting task/challenge/prospect:

We are left with the daunting task of cleaning up this mess.

[S]arduous, discouraging, disheartening, frightening,

31.albeit  /ɔlˈbiɪt/

 conj (dated or fml 旧或文) although 虽然; 尽管:

I tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to contact him.

32.gold leaf 金箔

33. fire

v. if a weapon fires, or if someone fires it, someone uses it to shoot

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Day 2:

笃学奖-Topic 1-B17449-甘比精读

Day 3:

1，一篇科技类的文章一般会比较难读懂，作者将这篇文章分成了好多个部分，这就使得在初看文章时，压力不会很大，同时也会帮助读者理清脉络，十分有助于理解。

2，作者按照时间顺序将各种方面的科学分类，使得文章十分紧凑，同时也比按照时间一个维度分类更加清晰明了。

3，整篇文章中，作者给出了很多例子帮助我们理解，例子有详有简，每个部分的例子多少也不一致，使得文章富有节奏，也帮助了读者对不熟悉领域的理解。

4，从这篇文章，我认为，一篇合格的文章，它的结构一定是经过合理安排的，是符合读者逻辑的，同时，也要积累很多的资料，尽管有很多资料并不能体现在文章里，但这是写好一篇文章的最基本的储备。通过这篇文章的内容，也让我对于科学的产生以及发展有了大概的了解，能够有详实的内容，这也是文章的魅力所在。