1 容易犯错的句子
1-1 学习一门外语是不容易的。
That is not easy to learn a foreign language. ×
To learn a foreign language is not easy. √
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. √
在英语中,动词不定式 或短语 在句中作主语时,常常用it作虚主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
1-2 你在等谁?
Who are you waiting? ×
Who are you waiting for? √
wait是不及物动词,表示“等待”某人应该用wait for sb. 。
注意:虚主语只能由it充当,不能用that或其他词。
1-3 他今天觉得身体状况很好。
He feels enough well today. ×
He feels well enough today. √
enough作副词用于修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词后面。
1-4 不要让他们在楼下吃午饭。
Don't let them have lunch at downstairs. ×
Don't let them have lunch downstairs. √
downstairs(在楼下)是副词,其前面不可再加介词at。
1-5 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?
Could you tell me when the train will get go? ×
Could you tell me when the train will reach? ×
Could you tell me when the train will arrive? √
get to, reach, arrive(in,at)均有“到达”之意,arrive是不及物动词,在句中可单独使用;而get to, arrive in / at都相当于及物动词reach,后面必须跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
1-6 他写字写得很好。
He writes very good. ×
He writes very well. √
good是形容词,不能在句中作副词修饰动词,应改为副词well。
1-7 肉闻起来坏了。
The meat smells badly. ×
The meat smells bad. √
smell是系动词,后面应跟形容词,不能跟副词。类似的系动词还有:grow, get, turn, look, become, feel等。
1-8 我英语学得很差。
I study English very poor. ×
I am poor in English. √
My English is very poor. √
poor在这里的意思是“不好的”,是形容词,不能作副词修饰动词study。
1-9 昨天妈妈给我买了一件礼物。
My mother bought a present to me yesterday.
My mother bought a present for me yesterday. √
My mother bought me a present yesterday. √
“给某人买某物”英语中应说buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.注意间接宾语放后面时应用介词for引导,不用to。这类动词常用的还有:get, send, make等。
1-10 我明天将还你书。
I'll return the book for you tomorrow. ×
I'll return the book to you tomorrow. √
I'll return you the book tomorrow. √
“把某物还某人”可说return sb. sth.也可说return sth. to sb.注意:当间接宾语放后面时,前面应用介词to引导,不用for这类动词常用的还有:give, show, send, bring, pass, tell, write, teach等。
2 主语和动词一致 (Agreement)
2-1 主动一致的定义
动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致,称为主语和动词的一致。
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
Benistwelve. 班12岁了。
The childrenare singing and dancing. 孩子们正在唱歌跳舞。
We have a map of Taiwan. 我们有一张台湾地图。
She hastwo dictionaries. 她有两本字典。
3 主动一致的若干规则
主语和动词单复数变化:
单数:主语前有 every, each或no修饰时,不定代词each, either, neither,another以及包含every, any, no的合成不定代词,news(消息),math(数学)等抽象概念。表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的名词。
复数:people(人,人民),police(警察)。
单数或复数:由and或both...and连接两个或以上名词时→指两个人事物,复数;指同一人事物,单数。
all→指人时用复数;指事物时用单数。family, class, team等集合名词→作为整体时,用单数;指单独成员时,用复数。
“the+形容词”→若指一类人,复数;若指某一人,单数。
with, together with, along with 等句型→单复数与前方主语一致。
由or, eitheror, neithernor等连接的对等主语→单复数依最接近的主语而定。
3-1 对等结构作主语
3-1-1 两个或两个以上的单数名词或代词,由and或both...and连接时,如果指的是两个人或事物,动词用复数形式。
He and I aregood friends. 我和他是好朋友。
A teacher and a writer are going to speak at the meeting. 一个老师和一个作家将在会议上发言。
如果由and连接的两个词指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一种概念时,动词要用单数形式。
The teacher andwriter is going to speak at the meeting. 这位老师兼作家将在会议上发言。
Time and tide waits for no man. (谚语)岁月不待人.
3-1-2 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语.前面有every,each或no修饰时,意义上仍为单数,动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl istaught to read and write.
每一个男孩和女孩都在学习读和写。
3-1-3 当主语后面跟有with, together with(和……一起),along with(和……一起),as well as(除......之外)等引导的短语时,其动词的单复数形式要和with, together with等之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
A teacher with fifteen students is playing in the playground.
一个老师和15个学生在操场玩。
Tom together withhis friends goes swimming every day in summer.
在夏天,汤姆天天和他的朋友们一起去游泳。
Heas well as you is good at painting.
他和你一样,也擅长于绘画。
3-1-4 由or, eitheror, neithernor等连接的对等主语,动词的单复数依最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定,这也称为比邻一致的原则。
You orI am to go to the bus stop. 你或者是我将去公车站。
Either you or he knows something about it. 不是你就是他知道有关此事的一些情况。
3-2 不定代词作主语
不定代词each, either, neither, another以及包含every, any, no的合成不定代词,在意义上都属于单数。它们作主语时,动词用单数。
Each of them istrying his best. 他们每一个人都在尽最大努力。
Nobody wasseen in the playground. 操场上看不到人。
Everybody ishere. 大家都在这里。
Something is better than nothing.(谚语)有比没有好。
【感谢阅读,O(∩_∩)O哈哈~】
【未完待续~】
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