精神疾病比嗜烟更易减短寿命

自言自语：其实个人觉得你只要不是有　sexual disorder，其他大毛小病都会因为这个的和谐而化解的。祝君性想事成，远离精神病。

Mental Illness Associated With Shorter Lifespan More Than Heavy Smoking 精神疾病比嗜烟更易减短寿命

原文：www.iflscience.com

翻译：派大丽Pally

Approximately 9.6 million American adults have been diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI), and a new study indicates that this could have a bigger impact on lifespan than smoking cigarettes, due to an increased risk of suicide and other high-risk behaviors. A team of researchers led by Seena Fazel of Oxford University came to this conclusion following a meta-analysis of over 400 papers. Their full analysis was published in World Psychiatry.

目前已有大约960万美国成年人被诊断出患有重度精神疾病（SMI），而一项新研究也表明由于不断上升的自杀及其它高危行为倾向，SMI相比吸烟可能对人类寿命的影响更大。来自牛津大学的Seena Fazel带领的一支研究团队，在对400多篇论文进行整合分析的基础上得出了这一结论。他们的完整分析已发表在《World Psychiatry》（世界精神病学）上。

The average lifespan in the US and UK is 76.4 and 79.5, respectively. Smoking heavily can take an average of 8-10 years off of that time. However, mental illness and the tendency for suicide and other high-risk behavior including substance abuse can reduce the average lifespan by 10-20 years. The meta-analysis considered over 400 papers and ultimately used 20 papers to compare 20 different mental illnesses in a total of 1.7 million people and over 250,000 fatalities. Where longevity is concerned, certain mental illnesses are on par with smoking a pack or more a day.

美国和英国的平均寿命分别为76.4岁和79.5岁。嗜烟的情况下能将此数字减少8到10年。然而，精神疾病及其引发的自杀及其他高危行为倾向包括药物滥用，能将此平均寿命减少10到20年。这项整合分析综合考虑了400多篇论文并最终运用其中20篇来对比20种不同的精神疾病，涵盖170万人及25万起死亡事故。当涉及对寿命的影响，一些特定的精神疾病等同于每天抽一包甚至更多的烟。

“There are likely to be many reasons for this. High-risk behaviors are common in psychiatric patients, especially drug and alcohol abuse, and they are more likely to die by suicide,” explained Fazel in a press release. “The stigma surrounding mental health may mean people aren't treated as well for physical health problems when they do see a doctor.”

“可能有很多种原因造成这种影响。高危行为在精神疾病患者中甚为常见，尤其是药物和酒精滥用者，他们更有可能死于自杀。”Fazel在一次媒体发布上分析到：“精神疾病带来的污名很可能意味着患者在就医时无法像咨询普通健康问题时那样，被合理对待。”

Of course, not all illnesses had equal risk. Those with bipolar disorder have an average lifespan decreased by 9-20 years. Schizophrenia is 10-20 years, depression is 7-11, and those who abuse drugs and alcohol could have their lives reduced by as much as 9-24 years.

当然，所有的疾病风险不甚相同。狂躁抑郁症患者的平均寿命会减少9到20年；精神分裂症减少10到20年；抑郁症减少7到11年；而药物酒精滥用可能将寿命减少9到24年。

A lesser known aspect of mental illness is the profound physical effects it can have. The total breadth of physical ailments is quite extensive, but it spans metabolic disorders, respiratory disease, sexual disorders, cardiovascular disease, and even pregnancy complications. Mental illness can exacerbate certain physical ailments, as they are less likely to seek appropriate medical care.

精神疾病鲜为人知的一面是它能带来的巨大物理身体反应。身体疾病虽不胜枚举，但精神疾病可渗透其方方面面产生影响，从代谢失调、呼吸系统疾病，到性功能障碍，心血管疾病，甚至妊娠并发症。由于精神疾病患者很少寻求适当的医药治疗，这也使得一些身体上的疾病进一步恶化。

However, Fazel believes this unfortunate trend can be reversed: “All of this can be changed. There are effective drug and psychological treatments for mental health problems. We can improve mental health and social care provision. That means making sure people have straightforward access to health care and appropriate jobs and meaningful daytime activities. It'll be challenging, but it can be done.”

不过，Fazel坚信这一不幸趋势将被逆转：“所有这一切都会改变。我们现在有针对精神健康问题的有效药物和心理治疗。我们还能改善针对精神医疗和社会关护的规范。这些都会确保人们能拥有医疗保障、合适工作，及有趣的日常活动。会很难，但肯定能做到。”

He also adds that mental and physical health should be treated hand in hand, and not as two separate entities. Considerable money has been spent researching and educating the public about the dangers of tobacco, and Fazel believes a similar approach should be taken with mental health.

他同时也认为，精神健康和身体健康应当被联系在一起来对待，而不是区分独立开来。大量的资金已用在研究和对公众宣传烟草的危害上，相同手段也应该用于精神健康问题上。

“People with mental health problems are among the most vulnerable in society,” Fazel continues. “This work emphasizes how crucial it is that they have access to appropriate healthcare and advice, which is not always the case. We now have strong evidence that mental illness is just as threatening to life expectancy as other public health threats such as smoking.”

“有精神疾病问题的人群是社会中最脆弱的一类人，”Fazel继续道：“这也意味着能让他们获得适当的医疗帮助和建议是何等重要，而目前又还远没有做到。我们现在已有充分的理由相信，精神疾病就像其它公共健康危害如吸烟那样，严重威胁着人们的生命。”