5、原因状语从句
He didn't come to class because he was ill.
此外，还有“结果”“目的”等状语从句。状语从句大多数都有从属连词（如after, when, becaus-e, if等）引起。由这种词引起的主谓结构不能成为独立的句子，只能作状语从句。连词在句中一般不重读，但在句首可以重读。
在使用状语从句时要注意：
①状语从句本身结构要完整，不能没有主语。例如：
After he took the medicine, he felt better.
Come again when you have time.
②状语从句如果在主句的后面，可以不必用逗号隔开；如在主句的前面，要用逗号隔开。例如：
It was alreday eight o'clock when we got home.
When we got home , it was alreday eight o'clock
③在时间和条件状语从句中不用“一般将来时”，而以“一般现在时”代替它。例如：
I'll tell her about that when I see her.
Take the medicine before you go to bed.
We'll go to the Summer Place tomorrow if it does't rain.
习题、文章解析
When Gao Yubao is a child, he worded for a landlord.This landlord was especially sly and greedy.He made the farmhands work very hard ,and gave them little to eat.Naturally, they hated him.
Now this landlord had a cock. The cock had a strange habit,It did not crow at dawn, but at midnight. Every time it began to crow, the landlord would shout:"Get up , you lazy-bone-s!Get up and go to work." So ,the farmhands had a deep hatred for both the landlord and his cock.
Once , at midnight,Gao Yubao saw the landlord steal into the courtyard.There the man began to crow,just like a cock.So that was his trick.
When Gao Yubao told the other farmhands what he had seen,they were very angry and di-cided to teach the landlord a lesson.
So the next night, as soon as the landlord stole into the couryard, Gao Yubao cried out,"Stop thief !Stop thief !"
Immediately all the farmhands ran out .They knocked the "thief" down and gave him a good beating.After that, the cock no longer crowed at midnigth.
cock [kɒk] 公鸡crow [krəʊ] 啼叫landlord [lændˌlɔːd] 地主
sly [slaɪ] 狡猾的greedy [ˈɡriːdɪ] 贪婪的farmhand ['fɑːmhænd] 雇农
5、主语从句
一个句子，如果有一个或者更多的成分是主谓结构，称为复合句。
作为句子成分的主谓结构称为从句，按照句法作用的不同，从句可以分为：
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
状语从句
定语从句
1主语从句是用作主语的从句。
连xx（谓语1）xxx+谓语2xxxxx
找主语从句的方法：先找谓语1，再找谓语2
主语从句：从连接词到第2个谓语之前的句子。
例1*（When/How she will come back（谓语1））（主语从句）isn’t（谓语2） true.
她什么时候/怎么回来还不确定。
连接词：
英文中文
who谁
when什么时候
where什么地方
why为什么；…的原因
how如何；怎样
that无意义，不翻译
whether是否
what1、翻译成“什么”；
2、代表后边动作的内容（考点）
例2*Why he was late was unknown.
A. Where B. How（如何，怎样） C. Why D. That
他迟到的原因是未知的。
主语从句中，不能用if表示“是否”。if在句首，只能表示如果。
例3*What he is reading was written by Mark Twain.
他正在读的书是马克·吐温写的书。
例4*What he bought yesterday cost him 100 yuan.
他昨天买的东西花了他100块钱。
主语从句做主语时，是第三人称单数。
例5*That he said nothing made me sad.
A. What B. When C. That D. Where
例6*What he said made me sad.
A. What B. When C. That D. Where
表语从句/宾语从句
行为动词/介词+连词+宾语从句（动宾结构/介宾结构）
主+谓语
系动词（is）+连词+表语从句（系表结构）
副词代词
when：动作发生的时间who：1、谁；2、动作涉及到的人
where：动作发生的地点what：1、什么；2、代表后边动作的内容
how：动作的方式
why：动作的原因
例7*Who I am talking to is my friend’s daughter.
正在和我说话的人是我朋友的女儿。
that 无意义，不翻译
例8*This book is what he bought yesterday.
A. that B. what
这本书是他昨天买的(书）。
This is what he bought yesterday.
A. that B. what
这是他昨天买的东西。
所有跟在连接词后面的从句，必须是主+谓的陈述句语序。
例9*I don’t know when she will come back.
A. when will she come back（语序不对）
B. when she will come back
that不翻译，无意义。在宾语从句中，that可以省略。
if在宾语从句中可以翻译成是否。
whether…or not 是否
例10*I don’t know whether/if she will come back.
I don’t know whether she will come back or not.
例11*This book is different from what I read last night.
A. that B. what
This book is different from the one that I read last night.（定语从句）
A. that B. what
that主语从句/表语从句/宾语从句：无意义，不翻译
定语从句中：指代人/物
I doubt whether/if 我怀疑
I don’t doubt that 我不怀疑
例12*I don’t know how/when/why she will come back from Shanghai.
我不知道他从上海回来的方式/时间/原因。
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