正文
An artificial nose may be able to detect Parkinson's disease early
人工鼻子或能及早检测出帕金森病
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder caused by the deaths of neurons in parts of the brain. It is incurable. Early medical intervention can, however, prolong survival. That makes prompt diagnosis desirable.
帕金森病是一种逐渐形成的神经系统疾病,由大脑部分神经元的死亡引起。它是无法治愈的。然而,早期的医学干预可以延长患者的生存期。这使得及时诊断成为可取的做法。
Unfortunately, the initial signs of Parkinson's vary from person to person and there is no specific test at this early stage which can reliably distinguish it from other brain illnesses.
不幸的是,帕金森病的初始症状因人而异,在早期阶段还没有专门的测试能可靠地将它与其他脑部疾病区分开来。
But that may soon change. A study published in ACS Omega, by Chen Xing and Liu Jun at Zhejiang University, in China, describes an invention which may be able to detect Parkinson's before the onset of tremulousness. The device in question is an artificially intelligent electronic nose.
但这种情况可能很快就会改变。中国浙江大学的陈星和刘军发表在《美国化学学会欧米伽》期刊上的研究阐述了一项发明,该发明或许能够在病人震颤发作之前检测出帕金森病。其中涉及到的设备是一个人工智能电子鼻。
The quest the two researchers embarked on to build this nose began in 2019. That was when they heard reports of Joy Milne, a retired nurse, who could detect people with Parkinson's from a distinctive odour they emitted — distinctive to her, at least, though for reasons still obscure, undetectable by others.
这两位研究人员从 2019 年开始探索着手打造这种鼻子。当时他们听到了有关退休护士乔伊·米尔恩的报道。米尔恩可以通过帕金森症患者身上散发出的一种独特气味来检测出这种疾病,这种气味至少对她来说是特殊的,不过原因尚不明确,其他人无法嗅到。
Mrs Milne first noticed this odour when her husband developed the illness. Tests using clothes worn by patients confirmed her ability. So researchers working with her looked for the odour's source. They found it in sebum. The sebum of those with Parkinson's has unusually high concentrations of certain volatile organic compounds.
米尔恩女士第一次注意到这种气味是在她丈夫患上这种疾病时。用患者穿过的衣服进行的测试证实了她的这种识别能力。因此,与她一起工作的研究人员试图寻找气味的来源。他们在皮脂中找到了来源。在帕金森症患者的皮脂中,某些挥发性有机化合物的浓度异常高。
Dr Chen and Dr Liu reckoned they could come up with a machine. With a bit of training, a computer loaded with an appropriate piece of artificial intelligence can learn to recognise the pattern associated with sebum from Parkinson's patients.
陈博士和刘博士认为他们可以研制出一种机器。通过一些训练,一台装有合适的人工智能的计算机可以学会识别帕金森病患者的皮脂分泌模式。
主编:Maisie、阿翀
品控:Maisie
审核:Lucky
重点词汇
detect
/dɪˈtekt/
v. 察觉;发现;识别(尤指不易察觉到的事物)
搭配短语:to detect small amounts of radiation
相关词汇:detectable(adj. 可发现的)
词根词缀:-able(表示能够)
相关词汇:undetectable(adj. 无法察觉的)
词根词缀:un-(表示否定)
词义辨析:detect, find
这两个词都有“发现”的意思,但 find 是普通用词,可指偶然发现,也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西,强调动作的结果;而 detect 是正式用词,强调经过周密观察或研究而发现的事物。
progressive
/prəˈɡres.ɪv/
adj. 逐渐发展的,逐步发生的;进步的
相关词汇:progress (n. 进步;进程)
词根词缀:-ive(表示形容词)
搭配短语:the progressive increase in population
neurological
/ˌnʊr.əˈlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl/
adj. 神经系统的;神经学的
词根词缀:neuro-(表示神经或神经系统)
相关词汇:neurology (n. 神经学)
词根词缀:-ical(表示形容词)
派生词:neurologist (n. 神经学家)
词根词缀:-ist(表示人)
disorder
/dɪˈsɔːr.dɚ/
n. 疾病;紊乱;混乱
词根词缀:dis-(表示否定)
相关词汇:order(n. 秩序)
搭配短语:a stomach disorder
neuron
/ˈnʊr.ɑːn/
n. 神经元;神经细胞
incurable
/ɪnˈkjʊr.ə.bəl/
adj. 不能治愈的;无药可救的;无法改变的
词根词缀:in-(表示否定)
相关词汇:curable (adj. 可治愈的)
搭配短语:an incurable disease/illness
例句:He is an incurable romantic.
intervention
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈven.ʃən/
n. 干预;介入;干涉
词根词缀:inter-(表示介于之间)
相关词汇:intervene (v. 干涉)
搭配短语:intervene in
例句:She intervened in the dispute.
prompt
/prɑːmpt/
adj. 迅速的,立即的;准时的
搭配短语:a prompt response
近义词:immediate
例句:Please be prompt when attending meetings.
diagnosis
/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/
n. 诊断;(问题原因的)判断
例句:An exact diagnosis can only be made by obtaining a blood sample.
onset
/ˈɑːn.set/
n. (尤指不好的事情)开端,发生;发作
相关词汇:on (prep. 在……上)
相关词汇:set (v. 开始)
搭配短语:the onset of disease
tremulousness
/ˈtrem.jə.ləs.nəs/
n. 颤抖;震颤
相关词汇:tremulous (adj. 颤抖的)
词根词缀:-ness(表示名词)
相关词汇:tremble (v. 战栗)
搭配短语:a tremulous voice
in question
讨论(或议论)中的
embark
/ɪmˈbɑːrk/
v. 上船;登机;开始
搭配短语:embark on
例句:She is about to embark on a new career.
odour
/ˈoʊ.dɚ/
n. (尤指难闻的)气味;臭味
搭配短语:odour of sweaty feet
emit
/iˈmɪt/
v. 发出,射出,散发(光、声音、气等)
英文释义:to send out sth. such as light, sound, gas, etc.
obscure
/əbˈskjʊr/
adj. 晦涩的;费解的;模糊的
英文释义:difficult to understand
词义辨析:obscure, vague
这两个词都可以表示“模糊的”,但 vague 多指因语言不确切或因构思不完善而造成模糊难解;而 obscure 的语气要更强一些,指晦涩难懂。
sebum
/ˈsiː.bəm/
n. 皮脂
concentration
/ˌkɑːn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/
n. 浓度;含量
搭配短语:glucose concentrations in the blood
搭配短语:high/low concentrations
volatile
/ˈvɑː.lə.t̬əl/
v. (液体等)易挥发的;(人)多变的;(情况)不稳定的
搭配短语:a highly volatile personality
搭配短语:a volatile situation
搭配短语:volatile chemicals
organic
/ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk/
adj. 有机的;有机物的
相关词汇:organ (n. 器官)
搭配短语:organic fruit and vegetables
compound
/ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/
n. 复合物;化合物
例句:Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
reckon
/ˈrek.ən/
v. 想,认为
近义词:think
pattern
/ˈpæt̬.ɚn/
n. (事情发生、发展、完成的)模式;方式
英文释义:the regular way in which something happens, develops, or is done
例句:They noticed patterns in the data.
搭配短语:changing patterns of behaviour
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