节奏

节奏 - 插图

重音的重复出现，就表现为一定的节奏。英语里词有重音，句有轻重，快慢、长短，构成了它的节奏。由于（音节）长的还加长，短的很短，弱的很弱，因此我们也要学会利用它的特点。实际上，英国人自己也利用了这些节奏特点。

下面我们试图举出几个明显的节奏模式（Pattern）并试图加以利用。O表示重音，o表示轻音、弱音。

1、 OO
Come here.
Quite right.
Which one?

2、 OoO
Take a look.
Have some tea.
That's a book.
Fish and chips.
This is mine.

3、 OoOo
Bread and butter.
Nice to meet you.
Take it easy.
Where's Sally?
Just a minute.

4、 oOoO
I have to go.
I'm fine today.
Your place or mine?

5、 OooO
What do you say?
Where do you live?
Leave her alone.
Coffee or tea?

6、 OoOoo
He's incredible.
She's so beautiful.

这些是常见的句子的节奏类型，说明节奏的存在。当然语言不完全是曲子可以用2/4或3/4拍子固定的表现。但再复杂的表现也是把这些简单节奏重复、变化、叠加。这些节奏也不用记着，要在听、说的过程获得，和学唱歌的方法一样。一旦获得了足够的节奏，口语就容易很多。这些训练对以后记住词组、介词、冠词等等是很有帮助的。你的耳朵要练习到听得出句子应该有的节奏，然后用嘴模仿出这样的节奏，帮助我们说出、写出正确的英文。抓住节奏，才能提高听的效果；抓住节奏，才能提高说的表现。

例如：OOO
Girls like dolls.
Boys like girls.
变成：oOOoO
The girls like the dolls.
The boys like the girls.

加上了轻读的冠词，节奏发生了变化（oOOoO），意思也发生了改变。熟悉了这样的节奏，这两个定冠词也就能够脱口而出，听的到、说的出，就能够读的准、写的对。

下面再例举一些基本的节奏和基本的句型，我们可以将这些句型和节奏联系起来：

1、 oooO
This is a book.
She's a student.

2、 OoO...
He's a teacher.
It's a cat.
That's a table.
Those are dogs.
Who's the girl?
What's the price.
Where's Sally?
How's the play?
What's your name?

3、 ooO...
Do you want a car?
Do you like some tea?
Does she love the boy?
Do they like Zhuhai?
Did she go to Shenzhen?
Will he come tomorrow?
Was he here yesterday?
Have you got a book?
Has she made the tea?
Would you go with me?
Is he going to come tonight?
Are you ok?
Can I take you to dinner tonight?

4、 OooO...
What do you want?
What do you like to do in the afternoon?
What do you think?
Where do you want to go now?
What does she eat?
How do you like it?
How did you make it?
When will you go to London?
When did you come to Zhuhai?
What can I help you?
What shall I do for you now?
When was the meeting?

一句话里，开头一个或两三个词是最重要的，开了头，后面的词汇就会自动跟着上。节奏对了，开头就容易得多，后面的内容也更容易跟上。
例如：This is a book. 前面的 This is a ... 对了，后面的 book, pen, pencil, phone等很自然就跟上了。
熟悉了这个节奏，实际上在听的时候我们只要期待这个节奏后面的词，一句话就听一个词就可以了，提高了听效率和效果。说的时候也一样，我们大量的模仿，熟悉这个节奏后，就用这样的节奏表现这样的意思，别人就能听得懂。

听的时候，注意 O 和 o 所在的位置轻重弱音的不同表现，通过有形的视觉符号来训练无形的听觉感受。就像练习唱歌，哼唱旋律吧~~~

(完)
附：感谢 Hi-Jo 老师，欢迎您关注微信公众号（UseYourEnglish）！