2020-04-16

作者: 小朋是个宝宝 | 来源:发表于2020-04-16 12:05 被阅读0次

    今天想要分享阅读《经济学人》的一个小小方法,不知道大家有没有这种经历,看原文查词典,每个词的意思都明白了之后,整句连一起还是不懂,小朋也经常遇到这种情况,现在就和大家分享一下我是如何解决的。

    比如在《经济学人》2020.3.28 Obituary板块,题目是

    从题目中我们可以推测出文章讲的是一位大厨、饭店经营者 -- Michel Roux和他的哥哥Albert Roux对英国餐饮转型做出的贡献,首先我并不知道Michel Roux是谁,在阅读之前,我决定先了解一下他,在Wikipedia搜索的结果如下:

    这里会有个问题,第一段第一行写到Michel Roux, also known as Michel Roux Snr.,显然还有个Michel Roux Jr.,不确定这个Michel Roux Snr. 是不是文章标题的那个人,怎么办呢?其实从第一段我们可以看到Michel Roux Snr. 于2020.3.11去世,与题目吻合;如果还是不放心,我们可以直接搜索Michel Roux Jr.,得到以下页面,从Early Life中,我们看到他其实是Albert Roux的儿子。

    解决了这个问题,我们继续来看Michel Roux(如无标注,下文Michel Roux均指Michel Roux Snr.),他才是今天的主人公,介绍中有些关键词,比如three Michelin stars restaurant in Britain-Le Gavroche, Waterside Inn, Roux Brothers Scholarship等等,应该会在文中出现,我们先过一遍。

    完成了背景阅读和辨析,我们进入正文。

    在阅读中,小朋遇到了这样一句话(文章标蓝部分):

    即:

    and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    为了方便大家理解,小朋把这段话具体语境摘录如下:

    All this made Michel enormously proud, yet it was hardly what he had expected. He had wavered about being a chef. With his looks and his deep voice—in his kitchen, he never needed a microphone—he might have made an opera singer. But love of food ran deep. Growing up as the son of a charcutier, he had learned whether it was Monday or Tuesday from the smell of boudin or andouillettes on the stairs; and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    这段介绍的是Michel Roux对成为厨师摇摆不定的心理-他本该成为歌剧演唱家的,但是却热爱美食:他能从楼梯上飘出的是血肠 (boudin)还是香肠(andouillettes)的味道辨别出今天是周一还是周二.......

    然后我们来分析这段话:

    and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    一.判断单词含义

    ✏️  Be of

    这个词组很容易被忽略,小朋看到时也觉得很奇怪,为什么要加of呢,直接说was beating up...不就行了?小朋开始翻词典,牛津没有,朗文没有,最后在柯林斯英汉双解中找到这个用法:

    用于be动词后表示某人或某事物具有的特点或特性;You use of after the verb 'be' to indicate a characteristic or quality that someone or something has.

    例如:

    The crisis faced over the next few months is of an entirely different scale...接下来几个月内将要面临的危机规模将是无法相比的。

    Both world wars were of unquestionable importance as economic events.两次世界大战都是重要性无可置疑的经济事件。

    我们看到这里能发现,例句中的be of其实都可以换成have,即

    The crisis faced over the next few months has an entirely different scale...

    Both world wars has unquestionable importance as economic events.

    或者直接变成be+adj. , 即:

    The crisis faced over the next few months is entirely different ...

    Both world wars is unquestionably important as economic events.

    再看我们分析的句子:我们把have替换be of,变成

    and his earliest memory has beating up egg yolks which...显然是不正确的。

    我们回溯be of 的解释:“用于be动词后表示某人或某事物具有的特点或特性”,即be of+某人或某事物具有的特点或特性。这个“特点或特性”应该是名词,文中was of beating up egg yolks...划线部分并不表示特性,而是“关于”之意。

    所以我们重新寻找of 的含义,有一条是:

    用于某些动词后表示动作所涉及的人或事物,关于,由于;You use of after some verbs to indicate someone or something else involved in the action.

    这里of可以替换为about

    即原句可以变为:and his earliest memory was about beating up egg yolks which...

    小朋说

    当然,有的同学一眼就能看出或者猜出of的含义,但是出于严谨,我们还是要先考虑be of 是不是固定搭配,如果是,把其用法带入文章语境中去,看有没有问题,如果有语法问题,再单独考虑of的含义。

    ✏️  Beat up

    在《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》中,我们查到Beat sth (up) /beat A and B together,(用叉等)快速搅拌、打;to mix sth with short quick movements with a fork, etc.,例如Beat the eggs up to a frothy consistency. 把鸡蛋打成黏稠泡沫状。

    ✏️  Yolk

    蛋黄the round yellow part in the middle of an egg例句:Separate the whites from the yolks. 将蛋清和蛋黄分开。我们再积累个蛋清的说法:egg white

    因此beat up egg yolks 是“打/搅拌蛋黄”的意思。

    ✏️  As if by magic

    在朗文双解和麦克米伦词典都可以查到解释:如朗文里解释: 像变魔术似的,in a surprising way that seems impossible to explain例如As if by magic the waiter suddenly appeared with a tray of drinks.就像变魔术一样,侍应生托着一盘饮料突然出现了。也即like magic。

    ✏️  Thicken

    (使)变厚,变浓,变稠to become thicker; to make sth thicker

    短语有:thicken sth with sth例如:a stew thickened with lentils and vegetables加入小扁豆和蔬菜而变浓的炖菜Thicken the stew with flour.给炖肉汁勾芡。

    ✏️  Stock

    这里的stock可不是“股市、股票”的意思,而是“高汤;原汤”a liquid made by cooking bones, meat, etc. in water, used for making soups and sauces例如:vegetable stock 菜汤。

    ✏️  Sauce

    调味汁;酱

    Sauce可以音译为沙司,例如tomato sauce可以翻译为番茄汁/酱,也可以翻译为番茄沙司,汉语中番茄沙司和番茄酱也是有区别的:番茄沙司主要用于西餐,是番茄酱加入食盐和糖在色拉油中炒熟制成的,可以直接食用;而番茄酱保留更原始的番茄口感,没有增加过多的调味品,必须经过烹饪处理,我们在吃薯条时蘸的不是番茄酱而是番茄沙司哦。【背景补充】

    ✏️  Blanquette of veal

    白汁烩牛肉(法式),法语Blanquette de veau

    Blanquette 白汁烩白肉(如鸡肉)

    Veal 小牛肉;牛犊肉

    好了,弄清楚所有单词的含义,我们再来分析句法。

    二.句法分析 

    and his earliest memory was ofbeating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    主句为his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolk,as if by magic是插入语,我们先不管它,which引导定语从句,先行词是egg yolks,从句的谓语动词是thicken,in表示“在...里” 那么into是什么呢?有没有thicken into这个搭配呢?

    我们已经学过thicken的用法了,thicken的短语有thicken sth with sth,没有thicken into这个用法,因此我们分别来看thicken和into。

    into的含义有一条:(表示状态的变化)used to show a change in state例如:The fruit can be made into jam. 这种水果可以制成果酱。

    我们带入这个含义理解一下:

    从句主语是egg yolks,谓语动词thicken,egg yolks thickened in the hot stock表示蛋黄在高汤里变稠;into表示状态的变化?什么状态呢?还是有点看不懂......

    我们所有的单词都查完了,句法也分析了,为什么还是看不懂?其实到这个时候已经不是语法和词汇的问题了,在本文语境下,其实是缺乏对西餐的了解。

    三.临门一脚

     

    第1模块我们查到Blanquette of veal是白汁烩牛肉,是一道法式大餐,但是不知道它的做法,也不知道白汁是什么,一起来看看:

    我在@豆瓣查到了“地狱厨神教你做法式【白汁烩小牛肉】”这篇文章,给大家截了个图:

    可以看到:在高汤里加入蛋黄和奶油,制成白汁沙司。

    联系我们的句子:

    and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    瞬间就明白了,原来egg yolks thickened in the hot stock是为了制成sauce,也就是白汁沙司,白汁沙司是为了妈妈做白汁烩牛肉用(for his mother’s blanquette of veal)。

    四.参考译文 

    扫清了所有障碍后,我们可以试着翻译原文:

    and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    他对于食物的最早记忆是制作白汁沙司--搅拌蛋黄倒入高汤里,就好像变魔术一样,汤汁变得浓稠,妈妈可以拿它做白汁烩牛肉。

    当然,如果你有更好的译文,可以后台和小朋交流哦。

    五.回溯、反思和拓展

    我的学习思路

    到此,这句话的阅读算是告一段落,为了大家更好的理解,小朋写的有些琐碎,我自己在阅读时没有那么细致,通常查阅生词-搞清句法-简单翻译,遇到译不出来的问题(例如背景知识)再去查阅资料,如果是讣告会去了解这个人的生平。通过给大家细致的讲解,我自己也能认识到自己之前阅读时的盲区,正所谓:学然后知不足,教然后知困,教学相长也嘛(抄自五年级早读晨诵)。

    扩展延伸

    学的目的在于使用,有效输入还要有效输出,阅读是输入,写作和口语则是输出,我们来看看今天学到的知识,有没有什么可以提炼到写作中的。

    习作饮食篇:

    比如小朋要做#脆皮草莓奶油冰淇淋#,外层奶油的做法是:糯米粉倒入牛奶中小火搅拌至浓稠,套用文中的句子,我们可以说:

    Beating up the glutinous rice flour which, thickens in the milk over a low heat.

    ✏️总结下今天的知识✏️

    1. 一句话:and his earliest memory was of beating up egg yolks which, as if by magic, thickened in the hot stock into sauce for his mother’s blanquette of veal.

    2. 一些词:Beat up /Yolk /As if by magic/Thicken/Stock

    3. 一个句型:beat up...which thickened in... into...

    4. 一种方法:了解背景知识的重要性!!!(Michel Roux/Blanquette of veal)

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