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今天呢,我们来分享一个很有意思很特殊的语法,那就是【虚拟语气】,它具有“语法黄金排位”的称呼哦,哈哈哈,是不是光听着就感觉“高端,大次,上档气”呢(二爷小迷妹,嘿嘿,皮一下~)
一、什么是虚拟语气?
用来表达“假设意义”或者“非事实意义”的思想。
例:
If I were a boy, I think I could understand.
唱这首歌的Beyonce并不是男孩,她想表达假设意义,所以用”were”表示虚拟。
虚拟语气有两种类型: 一种是时态型虚拟,另一种是should型虚拟.
二、时态型虚拟
1.真实语气和时态型虚拟语气的主要区别:
主要区别在于发生概率的大小。
■真实语气:有可能发生的事,使用正常时态。
例:
I will tell you if she comes here.
如果她来这儿了,我会告诉你的。
■时态型虚拟语气:不太可能发生的事,时态往后退一步。
例:
I would tell you if she came here.
(暗示她不太可能来)
2.if 型虚拟
- 跟现在相反
例:
if I were you, I wouldn' t do it.
(如果我是你的话,我就不这么做。)
- 跟过去相反
例:
If I had known earlier, I might have done something more.
(如果我早点知道的话,也许就多做点什么了.)
- 跟将来相反:
例:
If the asteroid should hit the earth, man could die out.
(如果小行星撞击地球,人类可能会灭绝)
4、其他时态型虚拟
① wish: 多么希望
例:
I wish she went there with us now.
对现在的愿望go退一步变成过去时went
1 wish she would yo there with us Lmorrow.
对将来的愿望will go退一步,变成would go
I wish she had gone there with us yesterday.
对过去的愿望have gone退一步,变成had gone
②as if/ as though: 好像...一样
例:
He looks as if he were dead.
他看起来好像死了一样。
③If only : 如果...就好了
例:
I only I were a bird!
如果我是只鸟就好了。(当然,我并不可能是只鸟)
④It's time: 你早该...了
例:
晚上10点: It's time you go to bed.
到你睡觉的时间了. (真实语气)
晚上11点甚至12点 It's time you went to bed!
你早该去睡觉了!(虚拟语气)
⑤would rather: 宁可...
当它表示对将来的愿望时,退一步的形式不是把will do变成would,而是变成did.
例:
I would rather she went there with us tomorrow.
三、should型虚拟
should意为“应该”,用来表达自己的期望和观点.
一般用法:在that后面跟一个从句,而且shoud这个词本身可以省略.
■命令、建议、请求等+that+should虚拟
标志词:
坚持 insist
命令 order, command
建议 suygest, advise, recommend
要求 ask, denand,request,require
例:
I insist that you (should) keep on studying.
I demand that he (should quit smoking.
■ it is 重要/必要+that+should虚拟
标志词:
重要 important, significant
必要 necessary, essential
例
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
■shouid这个词有很多意思,不一定都是虚拟语气.
例:
It is surprising that he should win in the competition.
他竟然赢得了比赛,这太让人吃惊了。
这里的should是“竟然”的意思,不能省略,不是虚拟语气.
٩(Ü)۶٩(Ü)۶接受小心心,今天更晚了,大家坚持呦!
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