知易行难。
很多人懂得很多道理却依然过不好这一生,面对事情总能讲出一大堆道理,不管是别人的还是自己的,可到最终依旧还是那个样子,有时候你能想到某些方面就已经跨越了很大一部分人,可真正能够做到你所想的实在太难,难到剩下的这部分人很可能全军覆没。
更可悲的是由于你从来没有做到过,所以你也不会觉得有任何的损失,很快就会忘记了自己曾经的所思所想,某一天想起来了就感慨一声 “我怎么没有坚持做下来”,然后继续以往的生活。
也不记得自己如此这般多少次。
写作真的是一件没有成本却意义极大的事情,以前没有记录的习惯,这么多年走来都不记得自己曾经想过什么留下过什么,可仅仅写了这么几天,回过头来读一读,都会感觉自己并没碌碌无为,多多少少留下了一点痕迹,希望自己能够一直坚持下去。
下面先接着把动词的用法笔记写完:
动词的种类及其用法
5.完全不及物动词
即不需加宾语,意思就很完全的动词。(意思很完全的不及物动词)
下面是完全不及物动词出现的俩种形态:
a. 主语+不及物动词
例:Something happened. He laughed.
b. 主语+be动词+不及物动词的现在分词
本句型用以表示某动作正在进行的状态。
例:Something was happening.
注意:完全不及物动词之后可接副词或副词对等语(介词短语、状语从句等),以修饰该动词。
例:Something happened yesterday.
He died in an accident.
6.不完全不及物动词
这类动词意思不完全,因而无法单独存在,之后要接名词、形容词或名词对等语(如代词、动名词、不定式、名词性从句、名词短语等),以补充意思的不足,称之为表语。
例:He looks happy. He became a good student.
下面将不完全不及物动词分成六大类:
a. be动词
be动词之后可用名词、名词对等语(查看前两篇文章)或形容词(含作形容词的现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、地点副词或地点副词短语等)作表语。
例:My purpose here is to see him. The book is valuable.=The book is of great value.
b.become
become可用任何名词、形容词或可作形容词的现在分词或过去分词作表语。
例:She is becoming more and more charming. After failing, he became depressed.
c. turn
turn通常只用形容词作表语,而且所能使用的形容词多与颜色或情绪有关。
例:His face turned pale when he heard the news.(苍白)
d. get
get通常用表 “生气” 或 “激动” 的形容词作表语。若用其他形容词时,宜用become。
例:He got mad.
注意:若get用于进行时结构中,之后可接任何形容词的比较级形态作表语。即:be getting more and more+任何形容词。例:Things are getting more and more better.
get+被动语态=be+被动语态 表示 “被...”。 例:He got killed in the accident.
e. seem
seem=appear(似乎) seem之后用不定式短语作表语。
例:He seems to know it.
但在seem to be+名词/形容词结构中,to be 可省略,直接用名词或形容词作表语。
例:He seems to be happy.=He seems happy.
He seems to be a nice man=He seems a nice man
f. 感官动词
感官动词一共有五个,一律译成 "....起来",之后一律用形容词(或可作形容词用的分词)作表语。
look(看起来) sound(听起来) smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来) feel(感觉起来)
注意:1. 感官动词后绝不可用名词作表语,若要与名词连用时,需: 感官动词+like+名词
例:It sounds like a good idea. That material feels like silk(那料子摸起来像丝)
2. feel like+名词(感觉像...) feel like+动名词(想要...)=would like to+动词
例:When Jane said she would marry me, I felt like a newborn baby.
3. feel、taste、smell 亦可当完全及物动词,可用名词作宾语,意思均有变 feel(摸)、taste(尝)、smell(闻)
例:The doctor felt my forehead and said I had a fever.(医生摸我的头说我发烧了)
4. look与介词连用时,可形成短语动词,视为及物动词。要用副词修饰这些短语动词。副词经常会置于look与介词之间。
如:look into=investigate(调查) look over=examine(检查) look at=watch
例:He looked into the case carefully.=He looked carefully into the case.(他仔细地调查这件案子)
不完全不及物动词的相关短语
fall ill(病了) fall asleep(睡着了) Provisions ran short.(粮食不足了)
The document proved to be a forgery.(这份文件证实是伪造的)
7.授予动词
授予动词(dative verb)为及物动词的一种,只是接两个宾语。第一个宾语叫做间接宾语,表授予的对象,第二个宾语叫直接宾语,表授予的东西。
例:Please lend me your book.
若间接宾语与直接宾语位置颠倒时,需另加介词 to、for 或 of 。
a. 表 “给予” 的概念,要用 to。
如:give、send、tell、teach等
例:I sent the letter to him.
b. 表 “代劳” 的概念,要用 for。
例:I made a chair for him. I bought the book for him.
c. 表 “从...中” 的概念,要用 of。
例:I didn't expect much of him. I asked a question of him.
下面几个动词亦与 of 连用,与上面不同的是 of 之后是表 “东西” 的名词为宾语,而不是以表“对象”的名词为宾语:
1. rob 抢夺
例:He robbed me of my money. I was robbed of my money.
2. deprive 剥夺(权利)
例:The court deprived him of all his civil rights.(法院剥夺了他的公民权利)
He was deprived/stripped of all his civil rights.
3. relieve 解除(职务、指挥权等)
例:The captain relieved the platoon leader of his command.(连长解除了排长的指挥权)
4. rid 解除,摆脱
例:I cannot rid myself of the painful memory.=I cannot get rid of the painful memory.
注意:get rid of 摆脱(表示动作) be rid of 已摆脱(表示状态)
5. break 戒除
例:You should break the bad habit of smoking.
6. cure 治愈
例:The doctor cured him of his disease.
e. 表 “提供” 的授予动词
常用的此类动词有 offer、provide、supply、furnish、present 等。除 offer 外,其余要与with连用。
例:He offered me all I needed.=He provided/supplied/furnished me with all I needed.
注意:offer 除表 “提供” 外,亦表 “愿意、主动提议”,此时接不定式短语作宾语
offer to do=be willing to do
例:After he heard of my situation, he offered to help me.(当他听说我的情形后,便自愿帮助我)
动词的种类及其用法这章就这些内容了,需要花时间记一记了。
网友评论