通常一个名词可以不经过任何变化直接转换成动词。使用转换来的动词可使表达既简洁又生动。如“ to elbow one's way through the crowd” 就比“push one's way through the crowd with one's elbow”要简明达意。请比较下面两个句子,看看名词用作动词的效果:
They now eat better food, live in better houses, and wear better clothes than ever before.
They are better fed, better housed, and better clothed than ever before.
(1)名词转换成动词
由名词转换来的动词和原来的动词有许多语义方面的联系。
①放在N名词所表示的事物的里或上
to pocket the money(把钱装在衣袋里)
to can the fruit (把水果装进罐头里)
类似的动词还有bottle, garage, corner, shelve等
②提供N名词所表示的事物
to shelter the refugees(给难民提供住处)
to skin the lamb (剥羊皮)
to juice the oranges(榨橘子汁)
④用N名词所表示的事物做
to pump water(用泵抽水)
to knife the steak (用刀切牛肉)
类似的动词还有brake, fiddle, finger, hammer, shoulder, glue等
⑤当N名词所表示的事物或以N名词所表示的事物的行动
to nurse the baby (当婴儿的乳娘)
to captain the team (当一个队的队长)
类似的动词还有father, parrot, pilot, referee, tutor等
⑥使.......成为N名词所表示的事物
to cash the cheque (把支票兑成现金)
to orphan the boy (使孩子变成孤儿)
类似的动词还有cirpple, fool,knight, widow等
⑦以N名词所表示的事物送或去
to mail the letter (发信,寄信)
to bicycle( 骑自行车去)
这类词除了⑦中的bicycle以及helicopter,ship,telegraph,boat,moter等外均为及物动词。
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