一、关于听力!!!
第一招:相关保留原则
当选项中有两项表达意思相近时,那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话,即可知答案,如果出现了双重相关,便可直接确认正确选项,只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!
典型例题:
4. A) Visiting the Browning.
B) Writing a postcard.
C) Looking for a postcard.
D) Filling in a form.
例题分析:B、C两项均含有 a poscard ,B、D两项均含有写...之意,即B、C和B、D构成双重相关,即可得出B为正确选项!
本题听力原文:
4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.
W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.
Q: What\'s the woman doing?
第二招:异项保留原则
当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时,那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项,那么即可判断出正确答案,异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛!
典型例题:
6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.
B) She can’t afford a computer right now.
C) The man can use her computer.
D) The man should buy a computer right away.
例题分析:A、B异项,A项的意思是她现在有电脑,B项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。B、D异项,B是说女方无电脑,而D是说男方无电脑,男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项!
本题听力原文:
6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library.
W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own.
Q: What does the woman mean?
三招:女士保留原则做题做多了,我们应该了解西方人的思维方式,当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时,我们一定要注意,这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面,她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息!
典型例题:
9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.
B) The man should take up a new hobby.
C) The man should stop playing tennis.
D) The man should find the cause for his failure.
例题分析:通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难,这时一位女人出来安慰男人,根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去,而不要放弃,这样的题型太多了,所以可呈现出一定的规律性!
本题听力原文:
9. M: I think I\'m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.
W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit?
Q: What does the woman imply?
第四招:概括、抽象保留原则当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时,这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉,而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则,在作题时应用也是十分的广泛,一般当两个选项的意思接近时,表述比较全面的一般为正确选项!
典型例题:
7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.
B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.
C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.
D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college
例题分析:A、C、D均为表述事实的句子,只有B项为对比、比较的句子,较之A、C、D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情,所以B项为正确选项!
本题听力原文:
7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesn\'t seem to think much of him.
W: That\'s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought.
Q: What do we learn from the woman\'s remark?
第五招:态度和虚拟保留原则
这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性,只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现,当只剩下两个选项时,通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案,表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案!
英语万能作文(模板型)
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....
随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.
然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....
随着社会的发展,人们开始关注............
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting
求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may havedivergentattitudes towards it.
关于是否值得___________的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.
在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....
最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快,随之给我们带来了很多问题。
...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?"
_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。不过,问题是:"我们该如何抉择?"
Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,
现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer...
说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
俗话说,""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.
对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...
万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。
When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....
提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____.
When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...
提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that...
目前,_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______,他们认为_______,不过,另一方面,赞同_______的人则认为_________。
Some people are of the opinion that..
有些人认为_____________。
Many people claim that...
很多人认为_____________。
A majority of 绝大多数
A large number of 很多人
Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)
有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。
Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.
觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。
Some people advocate that ....
有些人在坚持认为_________。
They hold that ... 他们认为_________。
People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds)
坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.
那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。
Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.
强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that...
有人会认为___________。
People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons.
那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。
But others hold the view that ...但是,另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, come up with,set forth, put forward等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过,另一方面,也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that...
不过,另一方面,________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而,很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词:Issue, phenomenon,后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that... 然而,另一些人则认为_________。
However, there are also some others who contend that...
然而,也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过,对于此,另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ...
另一方面,也有很多反对的人,他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than...
根据我的个性以及兴趣,我选择_______而不会选择__________。
Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion...
就我个人而言,我支持后者(前者)___________。
Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言,我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view 我认为
To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)
我认为,优点胜过缺点。
For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..
就我而言,我较赞同后一种观点________________。
As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来,我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that...
经过深思熟虑,我较支持后一种看法,亦即________________________。
If asked to make a decision, I would prefer...
如果真的需要作出选择,我宁愿____________。
展现问题篇
问题的常用词:question, problem, issue
Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus.
近来,_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代,很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
Recently the issue of whether or not ... has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.
近来,是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to .... has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.
______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think ....while others claim ...Both sides have their merits.
目前,一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实,两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
对于这种极具争议的话题,我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer...
说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
俗话说,""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.
对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...
万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。
When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....
提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____.
When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...
提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...argue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that...
目前,_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______,他们认为_______,不过,另一方面,赞同_______的人则认为_________。
Some people are of the opinion that..
有些人认为_____________。
Many people claim that...
很多人认为_____________。
A majority of 绝大多数
A large number of 很多人
Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)
有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。
Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.
觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。
Some people advocate that ....
有些人在坚持认为_________。
They hold that ... 他们认为_________。
People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds)
坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.
那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。
Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.
强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that...
有人会认为___________。
People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons.
那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。
But others hold the view that ...但是,另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, come up with,set forth, put forward等。
But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过,另一方面,也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that...
不过,另一方面,________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而,很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词:Issue, phenomenon,后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that... 然而,另一些人则认为_________。
However, there are also some others who contend that...
然而,也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过,对于此,另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ...
另一方面,也有很多反对的人,他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than...
根据我的个性以及兴趣,我选择_______而不会选择__________。
Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion...
就我个人而言,我支持后者(前者)___________。
Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言,我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view 我认为
To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)
我认为,优点胜过缺点。
For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..
就我而言,我较赞同后一种观点________________。
As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来,我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that...
经过深思熟虑,我较支持后一种看法,亦即________________________。
If asked to make a decision, I would prefer...
如果真的需要作出选择,我宁愿____________。
三、如何准备四级阅读1、练习阅读方法,提高阅读速度。传统的三种方法:1)先看文章后作题。是用这种方法应注意三点:1、注意文章中心与作者基本观点,即抓大的放小的。 2、注意重要细节的位置,第一遍阅读时在了解主题之后知道某个东西在哪里,胜过你知道他是什么。3、阅读速度稍快。不能过分沉迷于原文,速度要快一点。
2)先看问题再读文章 要抓对重点 适用于文章:1、难度较大的文章2、只包含一两段的流水账文章。流水账文章段落少层次感较差,可以先看题目看清问题,确定大概的位置。3、细节题较多的文章。 缺点:对主题把握不够明确。
3)读一层意思做一道题,读文章做题交叉进行。本方法适用于:1、段落较多的文章2、阅读速度较慢的同学。注意事项:1每次阅读一小段或者一长段的一半2阅读速度比第一种阅读方法要稍慢一些,力求弄清本段意思3每次读新的内容之前,最好把接下来要回答的问题要先看一下。每篇文章为9分钟,读原文要5分钟,做题要4分钟
注意不良的阅读习惯:1逐词指读 正确方法要读意群 2出声阅读
2、分析句子结构 注意句子的主干,其他可以不看
3、熟悉体型 主题 (main mainly primary primarily中心思想 写作目的 标题)细节(定位原文 关注考试原则)词意(包括指带 上下文推断词义 词根 )推理(细节性推理题 infer题型 conclude题型)态度(表示态度的首段 选项的含义)
4、课外阅读
5、授课内容与方式 对阅读一般性了解,结合一篇文章讲一讲四级的阅读方法 细节题的导入 3细节题考试原则常考的语言现象 5主题方面的总结 8 难题穿一穿
选项中口气太绝的也是错误的出题的位置包括:
1、重要句,重要句包括:①各段首末句 ②文中结论解释句
2、特殊语言现象,包括:比较、转折、数字、因果和例子(尤其是很长的例子的时候他喜欢考)。
当文章的主题句、中心思想很难找的时候,可以看在文章的段首段尾句、关键的句子里出现多的单词,一般是主题词;另一种方法是看5个题目中的各个选项出现次数比较多的词也可能是主题词。
文章第一段出现问句,应该特别关注。
句子题的做题思路:①分析句子的结构,包含这个句子主干的选项为正确答案②看上下句,确定同义或反义关系。
文章比较难的学习方法1、先找主题 2、学会这一类文章的看法,这类文章的共同特点是:语言难度高,背景较为复杂的文章。出题的方向有:①先看题目②抓重要和特殊语言现象③段落的论述通常从两个方面进行。
主题题型
一、1、有主题句时,与主题句相对应的为正确答案
——如何找主题句:主题句具有总结性,一般位于文中三个地方①全文首句(出现得最多)②一段末句,一段末句出现转折或结论时常出现主题。③第二段的一、二句,二段对一段进行总结或否定时常出现主题。例如进行总结的文章;进行否定的文章;
2、文中没有主题句时,各段首句相加,其中共有的词汇为本文的主体词,必须出现在主题题型的正确答案中。
主题词的特征有:①一般为名词或名词词组;②出现频率较高;③一般位于段落首句。
二、根据语言提示寻找主题
1、根据文章结构确定主题,常见的结构有:①结论解释型的文章,结论为主题所在。一般首句是个判断句或者有态度时就常是结论,尤其是首句之后紧跟较长的例子或细节时。
②现象解释型的文章,解释为文章主题所在。——问句出现在一段首末句,问句等于现象。回答就是主题。
③问题解决方案型文章,解决方案为文章主题。
2、文章首句中的主题名词,尤其是主语在后文被重复时,暗示首句为本文的主题句。
三、主题题型的变体
1、标题,本文最好的标题
①正确答案对应文章的主题词;②选项范围要恰如其分;
2、写过目的①写作目的等于中心思想;②文章中谈到困难或问题(problem,difficulty,hardship)时,包含下列动词的选项优先考虑:warn,remind,
四、主题题型的正误选项的特征
1、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词;
2、错误选项主要有两种:①包含细节;②出现了原文中没有提到的内容。
章中出现两个对立观点时,作者可以明确支持其中一派;如果不明确支持其中一派,他的态度一般是折衷的。
词义题
一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语
二、做题方法
①根据上下文确定同义或反义关系(寻找词性和语法功能相同的词,根据他们来确定意思)
②根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义
三、字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案
例证题
1、例证题的总原则:问一个例子或类比的目的或原因,答案为该例子前后总结说明性的话。
2、两种模式:①先总结,后例子答案往前找;给出例子时常有提示词:for example ,for instance
②先例子后总结答案往后找;给出总结时常用提示词:therefore thus 等结论性词汇。
3、三种情况:①全文性的例子,答案为本文的主题;②段落性的例子,答案指向段落主题句,在本段的首末句;③在没有标志词的情况下,问一个单词例证什么,通常等于问该单词在句子中的意思;
因果原则
1、隐性因果:即问题出现因果词,但原文找到的句子没有因果词,一般集中与段落的前两句;尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。
2、显性因果:①因果名词(在问题中有因果,在原文中也有因果):reason result basis ②因果动词:base on ,be due to , result from , result in ③因果连词或介词:because, with, why , for, as ④因果副词:therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看见因果词就要想到后面会考到;在选项中看到因果词,就要想到文中的因果现象。
如果文章中谈一个现实问题,解决方案一般不够完美,所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以下特征才是正确的:①目前解决方案不行;②需要继续寻找解决方案。
实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式,对于实验性文章,实验代表人物有了,再看实验目的,然后是实验结果,凡是与这三点无关的句子都要快读。
有时候有的段落没有题,没有题的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。
选项错误大多跟形容词和副词有关
文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达:①直接阐述作者的观点;②否定与作者相反、相对立的观点。
推理题
1、问题中有线索时,根据线索找到原文相关句,与相关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以说不管题目中有imply include infer,只要问题中有一个线索,比如:人名、地名、关键词,就拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应,就出来答案。
2、infer题,一般对应相应段落,否则对应文章主题。 此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什么线索,这时我们应该看该题的位置,如果是文章开始,那就对应文章开始;出在2、3、4那就一般和234对应,最多错一个段落,否则就是对应文章主题;如果在最后的话,那优先对应文章最后。
3、推论(conclude)题:
①为第一题时,通常对应文章主题;②为2、3、4题时,基本上针对文章中间段落;③为最后一道题时,优先对应文章最后部分,有时也针对文章主题。
与主题有关的优先考虑。
总复习1、利用两周左右的时间复习学过的内容;包括:①总结所有错误题目的主要问题;②结合文章消化做题方法;③归纳难词难句;
2、继续做题:①做题的进度,每周2-3个单元;②作题的遍数。真题作两遍。(上海外语教育出版社《大学英语四级最新考题祥解》)③根据上下文记忆词汇;(最后)④模考;
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祝大家早日拿到 4/6级证书!
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