【教书匠阿伦-原创干货】托福阅读/写作高阶知识讲解：平行结构(P

作者: 教书匠阿伦 | 来源:发表于2019-07-31 07:38 被阅读0次

今天教书匠阿伦就给大家带来"平行结构"的详细讲解！在写作或阅读实践中，我相信大家都尝试过运用“平行结构”，以便让文章显得更加优美。但是你都用对了吗？或者你能达到“完美的”平行吗？在过往经验里，时常会写出一些自以为很“完美”的平行结构，到头来总是有这样那样的问题。

平行结构 – 也就是以匹配的形式来表达出匹配的想法 – 在英语中是一种最基本也最富有价值的修辞手法。它不仅可以满足对次序和平衡的要求，而且，在处于最佳状态的情况下，通过突出想法之间的联系，还可以给读者以一种对这些想法的新鲜感，以极大的经济性和力量感来加以归纳总结。

This lesson is for you if you want to learn how to communicate more powerfully in just a short time. This lesson is about something called: "Parallelism" or "Parallel Structure". Now, in case you've never heard of it, or if you've heard of it but you're not sure what it is, I just want to tell you that it's something really important, especially in academic circles or in the business world. All right? And also socially. So, whether you're speaking, or whether you're writing, this principle of parallelism will help you to communicate more effectively.

什么是句子的平行？

So, first of all, what is parallelism? So, it's a speaking or writing technique in which you communicate more powerfully by balancing different parts of your sentence, and I'm going to show you lots of examples so you understand exactly. So, when we create a sentence that has parallel structure, it means that when we have a list of items in our sentence, all of the forms of speech should be the same. For example, you have verbs, verbs, verbs; nouns and nouns; adjectives and adjectives; adverbs and adverbs. Now, that seems obvious, but in real life when people speak and write, they don't always do that. So I'm going to show you: "What are the benefits of using parallelism?" and also exactly how to use them in a sentence.

英语中的许多最令人难忘的台词，从最谦虚的俗语到在最大程度上修饰过的文学篇章，其长久不衰的影响力都要归功于对平行思想的平行表述。

平行结构的好处是？

大家可以发现，平行结构可以让句子变得更优美，更有力量。除此之外，平行结构还可以让句子更“简洁”。

So, some of the benefits that you will get when you start creating sentences with parallel structure are that your sentences will have more weight, they'll be more balanced, they'll have more rhythm to them, they'll have more style, more clarity (they'll be more clear), and also you'll be able to emphasize things more. And as a result of all that, your speaking or your writing will be much more dramatic and much more powerful. And you may not realize why, but it's really important that this parallel structure exists. Now, in addition, it's not just something to make it better, it's not just something to improve your communication. In academic circles, if you don't follow these parallel structure rules, it's actually considered a mistake in writing; it's considered very weak writing, bad writing, poor writing, and you will get lower grades as a result of that. Okay? So it's really important, especially if you're in the academic world or writing anything serious or in the business world, to write this way.

平行结构的例子

在《完全英语手册》的第15页一书中，经验丰富的美国图书编辑爱德华·约翰逊声称，“[改]正错误的平行要比改正所有其他的语法错误一起更加吸引编辑的注意力”。

Let's look at some simple examples first. Okay? So, this sentence, the first one: "Janet sings and dances." So here, what do we see? We see verbs and verbs: "Janet sings and dances." If somebody didn't write this sentence properly, they might write: "Janet sings and is dancing." Now, here it didn't match because this was present simple, so this should be a verb in the present simple; they should both be verbs, they should both be in the same tense, and so on. Okay?

Let's look at more examples. "We enjoy reading and cooking." Here we have two gerunds: "reading", "cooking". Next: "I like to watch movies and to travel abroad." Okay? Now, you see how that seems really balanced? Okay? So we have: "to watch movies", so we have an infinitive and a noun, and "to travel abroad". "To travel", infinitive and a... Well, it's not a noun, but it's like a noun, it functions like a noun.

平行结构的魅力

Next: "The reasons for my view are political, cultural, and social." So here we have three adjectives. Now, up til now we had two, now we have three. And if you've watched my earlier lesson on: "The Power of Three" or "The Magic of Three", you will know that this is really special. This is like parallelism on steroids. This is like the best kind of writing you can do, and a lot of very famous leaders and writers write this way, using parallelism in threes to make things much more effective. So, if you haven't watched that other lesson, I will tell you where you can get it; it's called: "The Magic of Three" on our website. So: "The reasons for my view are political, cultural, and social." Three adjectives.