名词性从句

名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。

要求考生在复习备考中掌握名词性从句的基本用法、易混引导词的辨析、句子的语序、否定前移、名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。

预计2018年高考对名词性从句依然不会单纯考查语法结构，将其融入到一定的语境中考查学生的实际应用能力是考试重点。

专题五  名词性从句

    一、that 从句

1. 主语从句

1. that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：

It+be+形容词（obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.）+that从句

It+be+名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+that从句

It+be+过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.）+that从句

2. that在口语中或非正式文体中偶有省略情况，除此外一般不能省略， that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。

// 真题/例句 //

①(2016 · 江苏)

It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

② It is known to all that China is a developing country.

③ It suddenly occurred to me that today was my wife’s birthday.

④ That he didn’t pass the driving test made him disappointed.

2. 宾语从句

1. 常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。

2. That从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。

// 真题/例句 //

①(2015 · 北京)

I truly believe that beauty comes from within.

② I know nothing about him except that he studied abroad last year.

③ Don’t take it for granted that everyone should adore you.

④ The master thought it possible that most of the students could remember five hundred words in a day.

3. 表语从句（that不可省略）

表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。

系动词有表示状态的；有表示状态变化的。

表示状态的有：

be, seem ,appear 等。

look ,sound ,feel ,taste ,smell 等，由感官动词变化而来。意为“看（听、摸、尝、闻）起来”。

表示状态变化的：

      become ,get ,grow, fall, turn等。

连接表语从句与主句的关系词主要有三类：

从属连词：

that（无有词义）, whether（是否）,if （是否）；

关系代词：

who（谁，主格） , whom（谁，宾格）,whose谁的，所有格）, what（什么）,which（哪个，哪些）；

关系副词：

when（什么时候） where（什么地方）why（为什么）, how（怎样）

//注意//

1. 表语从句要用陈述语序；

2. that和what在引导的表语从句that本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；what则表示“所……的（人或事）”，在表语从句中充当主语或宾语。

3. 主语为

advice, order, idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等一些表示“建议、说、命令”的名词，之后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。

// 例句 //

①The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this

morning.

②The fact is that we have lost the game.

③My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.

4. 同位语从句

连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后

如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，

对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。

// 真题/例句 //

①(2016 · 北京)

The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.

②(2016 · 天津)

The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

③ (2011 · 天津)

Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.

④ The man’s innocence was disbelieved until evidence came to light that he was trapped by a group who had committed the murder.

二、whether / if从句

may

1. 在表语从句和同位语从句中:

只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可；discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。

2. 在宾语从句中：

（1）及物动词后：

whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if；if不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not；whether后可以加不定式。

（2）介词后：

只能用whether,不用if。

// 真题/例句 //

①(2011 · 山东)

We've offered her the job, but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it.

②They are discussing the problem whether they should stop investing money in that project.

③Tom hesitated whether/if he should make one last attempt to convince his girlfriend to come with him .

三、特殊疑问词引导的从句

1、主语从句：

特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。

2、宾语从句：

（1）常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有

see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。

（2）作介词宾语。

3、同位语从句、表语从句

// 真题/例句 //

①It still remains a mystery how the ancient people managed to carry such huge stones onto the top of the mountain.

②Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know how he is getting along.

③ Charles Dickens described the life in the middle of the 19th century, a period that is when Queen Victory ruled Britain.

④(2011 · 山东)

I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.

四、名词性关系从句

what=the thing(s) which/that,

whoever=anyone who,

whichever=anyone/anything that,

whatever=anything that,

where=the place where,

when=the time when，

why=the reason why

// 真题/例句 //

①I still remember when (=the time when) came to Beijing for the first time.

②He hasn’t told me why( =the reason why) he was absent from the meeting.

③We young people should go wherever(=no matter where) our country needs.

五、名词性从句的几个难点

that不可省略的情况

1. 主语从句，that从句置于句首时；

2. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；

3. 由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可以省略。

wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别

Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；

No matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。

as if/though, because, why

可以引导表语从句

注意：

because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause,

since,as不能引导表语从句。

that引导的同位语从句

与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别

That引导的同位语从句成分是完整的，that在从句中不担当任何成分；

That引导的定语从句成分是残缺的，that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

// 真题/例句 //

①That she passed the final exam made her parents excited.

②I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.

③He has made it clear that we wouldn’t agree to the plan.

④No matter what weather it is, we will go to Beijing tomorrow.

= Whatever weather it is, we will go to Beijing tomorrow.

Whoever comes here will receive a present.

He does whatever his mother asks him to do.

⑤It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It’s because their habitats or homelands, are disappearing.

⑥His success depended not on good luck but on the fact that he devoted to his career.

⑦I will never forget the moment that I reunited with my family.