菜单式写作
作文结构如下：
第一段：
描述细节 | 引向主题
第二段：点明寓意 | 列举范例 | 分析成因 | 说明影响
第三段：结论观点 | 态度决心 | 对策建议
各句菜单如下：
【一】描述细节
a. A(An) ______scene is emerging from the cartoon that ……
……的一幕正在从卡通中呈现出来，即……
emerge v. 出现；涌现
b. Emerging from the cartoon is a(an) ______scene that ……….
从卡通中呈现出的是……的一幕，即……
c. Unfolded in the cartoon is a(an) ______ that ……
卡通展现出的是……，即……
d. The cartoon sets its background on …. …, while ….
卡通的背景是……，其中（角色一）……，而（角色二）……
动 词：depicted （描绘）/ displayed（展现）/ exhibited（展现）/ unfolded（展现）/ portrayed（描绘）
形容词：inspiring（激动人心的）, soul-encouraging（鼓舞人心的）, ironic（讽刺的）, sarcastic（讽刺的）, informative（内涵丰富的）, instructive（有意义的）, astonishing（令人震惊的）, alarming（惊人的）
名 词：scenario（场景）, plot（情节）, act（幕）
【二】引向主题
a. The cartoonist is reminding / warning / imparting / endowing / informing us that ….
卡通作者在提醒/警示/告知/告知/告知我们……
b. By this metaphor, the author of the cartoon is reminding us, as well as all the characters in the picture, that …..
通过这种暗喻，卡通作者在提醒我们，也在提醒图中的所有角色，……
c. Meanwhile the caption of the cartoon is reminding them, as well as all of us, that…
同时，卡通的标题在提醒他们，也在提醒我们每一个人，……
d. Just as is put in the caption of this cartoon, …
正如卡通的标题所言，……
e. Just as the headline of the cartoon reads, …
正如卡通的标题写道，……
【三】点明寓意
a． A proverb can summarize the extended meaning of the cartoon : ….
一句谚语可以概括这幅卡通的寓意：……
proverb n. 谚语，俗语
b． What a wise man once put is just the implication of the cartoon: ….
某位智者曾经所说的话，恰好就是这幅卡通的寓意：……
put v. 说
implication n. 意译；寓意
c． The implication of the cartoon can be abstracted as a motto: …
这幅卡通的寓意，可以被归结为一句格言：……
abstract v. 抽象；概括；归纳；总结
motto n. 格言；警句
d． What the cartoon conveys can be summarized as a motto / a doctrine / a simple truth that ….
卡通所传达的信息可以归结为一句格言/一个道理/一句简单的真理，……
convey v. 传达
summarize v. 总结；概括
doctrine n. 教条；道理
e． What a wise man once put happens to be the implication of this cartoon that ….
一位智者的言论恰好就是这幅图的意义：……
happen to 恰好……
f． Apparently, the drawing aims to emphasize the importance of …
显而易见，本图意在强调……的重要性。
apparently adv. 显而易见地
g． This picture is naturally associated with a wide-spreading phenomenon in contemporary society—…
这幅图让人很自然的联想到当今社会的一种普遍现象——……
be associated with 与……有关联
contemporary adj. 当今的，当代的
h． Under the ridiculous appearance of the cartoon is a principle that…
卡通图滑稽的表象下潜藏着一个真理，……
ridiculous adj. 滑稽的
principle n. 道理；原理
【四】列举范例
a. Will not the following cases suffice to prove this trend?
难道下面的这些例子不足以证实这种趋势吗？
suffice v. 足以做某事
b. Are there any other cases more convincing than the one to come to prove this trend?
要证实这种趋势，还有比如下范例更恰当的范例吗？
convincing adj. 有说服力的；可信的
c. Cases to prove this trend are abundant and within easy reach.
能证实这一趋势的例子不胜枚举，可信手拈来。
abundant adj. 大量的；丰富的
d. Cases to prove this trend are abundant, but the one to come will suffice.
能证实这一趋势的例子不胜枚举，但如下范例足矣。
e. It is not surprising to find that …
不足为奇的是……
f. It is not uncommon to see that …
司空见惯的是……
g. Not surprisingly, …. Equally unsurprisingly, …
不足为奇的是……，同样不足为奇的是……。
【五】分析成因
a. What has contributed to this trend?
是什么导致了这一趋势呢？
b. What can account for this trend?
怎么解释这种趋势呢？
c. What are the explanations for the trend?
怎么解释这种趋势呢？
d. What are the contributing factors to this trend?
这种趋势的成因是什么呢？
contributing factor 成因
e. The past X years witnessed …, which triggered …, and in turn provoked …
过去X年目睹了……，这引发了……，进一步有引起了……
trigger n. （枪的）扳机；v. 触发，引发
provoke v. 引起；唤起
f. What are the explanations for this …? It occurs to most of us that …lead to …, and in turn cause ….. This chain of cause-and-effect makes sense but cannot cover all the aspects. Actually, …. is the major contributing factors to…
怎么解释这种……呢？很多人认为，……引起了……，进而导致了……。这种因果链合情合理，但无法涵盖全部因素。实际上，……才是……的主要原因。
【六】说明影响
a. These changes … may be detrimental / destructive / poisonous / toxic to …, let alone the harm to ….
……方面的这些变化可能对……造成危害，更可能危及……
detrimental adj. 有害的；有负面影响的
destructive adj. 有破坏作用的
toxic adj. 有毒的；有害的
b. These changes … may be elevating / constructive / beneficial to …, let alone the contribution to ….
……方面的这些变化可能对……大有裨益，更可能推动……
elevating adj. 提升的；促进的
constrictive adj. 建设性的；有积极影响的
c. This may pose some negative impacts on the ecological, social, and personal wellbeing.
这会危及生态、社会和个人的福祉。
pose impacts on 对……造成影响
ecological adj. 生态的
wellbeing n. 福利；良性状态
d. Indeed, with the assistance of X each of us seems …, but we have to look at the side effect of X: ….
的确，有了X的支持，我们每个人都看似……，但我们必须看到X的副作用：……
【七】结论观点
a. Evidently, we should take a rational attitude towards this issue! Specifically, the media should promote the awareness of ….Meanwhile, ….
显然，我们应该理性对待这个问题！具体而言，媒体应该让人们充分认识到……。同时，……
b. From my point of view, what the picture suggests will be not only applied to individuals, but also to the groups, organizations or nations. Organizations and nations, …. To sum up, it is … that drives our complicated modern society work.
在我看来，本图为我们讲述的道理不仅适用于个人，也适用于团体、组织、甚至国家。对于国家和组织而言，……。总而言之，正是……推动着我们复杂的现代社会在不断运转。
【八】态度决心
a. I used to ponder and wonder …. With the enlightenment from the picture that… I am determined to … Specifically, I intend to …, to …, and to …
我曾经在思考，……。图片告知我……，在图片的启发下，我决定……。具体而言，我打算……，……，并且……。
b. I intend to …, our schoolmates should …, and the society should ….
我打算……。我的校友们应该……。社会应该……。
c. As college students, frequently, we are to face the choice of …. At such moment, we are supposed to bear in mind that …
作为大学生，通常会遇到……的选择。这时，我们应该谨记，……
【九】对策建议
a. There should be some countermeasures. Firstly, … In addition, …
必须有一些对策。首先，……。其次，……
b. Any solutions? Why not do…? What about doing…? Are not these countermeasures sufficient to put an end to the problem?
有解决办法吗？何不……？何不……？难道这些对策还不足以解决这个问题吗？
c. How can we step out of shadow? One part of solution may involve … And the other part of countermeasure may be …
我们怎么走出这种阴影呢？我们可以……。也可以……。
d. How can we crack this hard nut?
怎么解决这个难题呢？
e. We are supposed to put an end to the delinquency, but how?
我们应该解决戒绝这种不良行为，但该如何戒绝呢？
f. We are supposed to put an end to the problem of …, but how? It is universally accepted that we are in desperate need of a package deal, including …, …, and …. However, is this deal comprehensive enough? Actually, we also need the awareness advocated by the mass media that …. With all the measures reinforcing each other, we can definitely draw the misery to an end.
我们应该解决……问题，但如何是好呢？很多人认为，我们迫切需要一个一揽子计划，包括……，……，以及……。但是，这项计划综合程度够吗？实际上，我们需要通过媒体让人们充分认识到……。当上述措施交互作用、彼此促进时，我们一定能给这种悲剧画上完美的句号。
附录：具体对策（添入上段省略号部分）
• corresponding laws and regulations
相应的法律和法规
• official intervention
官方干预
• intervention from business administration department
工商管理部门的干预
• intervention from civil administration department
民政部门的干预
• intervention from environment groups
环保部门的干预
• penalties and fines
处罚和罚款
• confiscate one’s illegal gains
没收非法所得
• supervision and exposure from the mass media
媒体监督和曝光
• new social norms should be set up
建立新的社会规范
• disciplines and school regulation
校纪校规
• directions and intervention from school authorities
校方的引导和干预
• self-control
自我控制
• self-regulation
自我管束
• self-discipline
自律
• take an active part in the campaign of …
积极参与……运动
• take part in social / community / campus activities of …
参与社会/社区/校园的……活动
• the awareness that … should be provoked by media, schools, or families
媒体、学校和家庭应该让人们清醒的认识到……
• the right attitude to … should be nurtured by ….
培养人们对……正确的态度
文章来源老付考研
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