文/羊生生
Bonjour! Ça va? Je m'appelle Sohphie. Je vais bien. J'ai treize ans et j'habite à Paris, alors je suis française. Je suis brune et de taille moyenne. J'ai les yuex bruns et les cheveux châtain clair. Mes amis me disent que je suis assez mignonne et sympa, mais mes parents pensent que je suis un peu paresseuse mais très. intelligente. J'assiste au collège où je suis en cinquiéme.
Vocabulaire
bonjuour hello
salut hi
je m'appelle my name is
j'ai treize ans I'm thirteen years old
j'ai les yeux bruns I have brown eyes
bleus blue
les cheveux châtain clair, light brown hair
blonds, blons
je suis, I am
un peu, alittle
assez, rather
trop, too
sympa, nice
laid/e, ugly
méchant/e , mean
mignon/ne, cute
paresseux/euse, lazy
petit/e , little/short
de taille moyenne, average size
grand/e, tall
à l'école, in elementary school
au collège, in middle school
au lycée, in high school
Quelques nationalités
africain/e, African
américan/e, American
anglais/e, English
canadien/ne, Canadian
chinois/e, Chinese
espagnol/e, Spanish
français/e, French
mexicain/e, Mexican
indien/ne, Indian
irlandais/e, Irish
italien/ne, Italian
japonais/e, Japanese
je suis
tu es
il est
elle est
nous sommes
vous êtes
ils sont
elles sont
avoir
j'ai
tu as
il a
nous avons
vous avez
ils ont
21 vingt et un
22 vingt-deux
23 vingt-trois
30 trente
40 quarante
50 cinquante
60 soixante
70 soixante-dix
75 soixante-quinze
80 quatre-vingts
81 quatre-vingts-un
90 quatre-vingts-dix
94 quatre-vingt quatorze
100 cent
Here are some more adjectives
aimable, friendly
chic, chic ( cool, sophisticated)
dynamique, dynamic
mystérieux/mystérieuse, mysterious
optimiste, optimistic
pessimiste, pessimistic
poli/e, polite
réaliste, realistic
religieux/religieuse, religious
sérieux/sérieuse, serious
sincère, sincere
sportif/sportive, athletic
timide, shy
He is polite. Il est poli.
She is serious. Elle est sérieuse.
I am optimistic. Je suis optimiste.
You (sing, fam.) are friendly . Tu es aimable.
We are athletic. Nous sommes sportive/sportifs.
In French, we also use the verb avoir to describe people and how they feel. Note the following expressions using the verb avoir:
avoir chaud, to be warm
avoir froid, to be cold
avoir treize ans, to be thirteen years old
avoir sommeil, to be sleepy
avoir faim, to be hungry
avoir soif, to be thirsty
avoir peur, to be afriad
avoir raison, to be right
avoir tort, to be wrong, mistaken
For example, to say
I am thirteen years old. J'ai treize ans. (lit: I have thirteen years)
You (fam.) are cold. Tu as froid.
She is right. Elle a raison.
We are thirsty. Nous avons soif.
They are hungry. Ils sont faim.
He is afraid. Il a peur.
She is thristy. Elle a soif.
I am cold. J'ai froid.
They are right. Ils/Elles ont raison.
You (pl.) are warm. Vous avez chaud.
We are hungry. Nous avons faim.
She is fourteen years old. Elle a quatorze ans.
He is sleepy. Il a sommeil.
Parts of the body
le corps, body
la poitrine , chest
le dos, back
la tête, head
le cou, neck
la figure, face
le bras, arm
la main, hand
les doigts, fingers
la jambe, leg
le genou, knee
le pied, foot
Proverbe: didier dit
Loins des yeux, loind du coeur.
Out of sight, out of mind (Literally: far from the eyes, far from the heart)
More expressions using être and avoir
There are many ways to talk to people about how they are feeling. If you are talking to a friend, you will use different expressions than when you are talking to an adult or a stranger.
To a friend:
Ça va? How's it going?
Comment vas-tu? How are you?
Ça va bien. It's going well.
Ça va très bien. It's going very well.
Ça va comme ci comme ça.
Ça va mal. It's going badly.
Qu'est-ce que tu as? or Qu'as-tu? What's wrong?
Où as-tu mal? Where does it hurt?
To an adult:
Comment allez-vous? How are you?
Je vais bien. I feel well.
Je vais très bien. I feel very well.
Je vais comme ci comme ça. So so.
Je vais mal. I feel bad.
Qu'est-ce que vous avez? What's wrong?
Où avez-vous mal? Where does it hurt?
Use the verb être to say whether you are healthy or sick:
Je suis malade. I am sick.
Je suis enrhumé. I have a cold.
Je suis en bonne santé. I am healthy (in good health).
We use avoir mal à to name a specific pain or illness:
avoir mal à la tête, to have a headache
avoir mal à la gorge, to have a sore throat
avoir mal aux dents, to have a toothache
avoir mal au dos, to have a backache
avoir mal au pied, to have pain in the foot
avoir mal aux mains, to have pain in the hands
ATTENTION!
The preposition à+ le becomes au, and a + les becomes aux in French.
We are healthy. Nous sommes en bonne santé.
They are sick. Ils/elles sont malade.
She has a headache. Elle a mal à la tête.
You have a toothache. Tu as mal aux dents.
I have a sore throat. J'ai mal à la gorge.
A réfléchir
The French language is a Romance language similar to the other Romance language derived from Latin, the language of the Romans. The principal romance language are Italian, Spanish, French, Romanian, and Portuguese. Julius Caesar, seeking to expand his empire , landed in Provence in southern France in 54 BC and brought the language of the Romans to Gaul, which was France's former name. Besides building on efficient transportation network of roads, the Romans built impressive monuments like giant aqueducts, arenas, and theaters,the likes of which the Gauls had never seen in before. The Roman soldiers taught the Gauls their language, and the resulting combination of the two languages evolved into French. Once you learn French you will be able to learn the other Romance languages more easily, although each one is quite different. Nouns in Romance languages are either masculine or feminine. We'll learn more about that later. You will also see that many French words look nearly the same in English. These are called cognates. This is because William the Conqueror of France brought the French language to England in 1066 when he invaded England. French remained the official language of England for over a century. The English language acquired terms from the French language that are still used today for fashion, cuisine, society, literature, and politics--- like a coup d'état ---- government overthrow. Bon appétit, enjoy your meal, and faux pas, social blunder, are other examples. Up to 40 percent of the English language has words of French origin.
What are cognates? Words that appear to be the same or very similar.
Amis/Faux Amis
As you learned, the English language developed with significant influences and elements from French, and because both languages developed in part from Latin, there are many cognates, or words in the two languages that have the same origins. These words have similar spellings and meanings. This means you have already recognized many familiar words in French. Here are a few more examples of some common words in French and their English cognates.
aventure, adventure
curieux, curious
conséquence, consequence
décider, decide
difficile, difficult
lettre, letter
médecine, medicine
objet, object
personnel, personal
retour, return
sujet, subject
tourner, to turn (verb)
But there are many false cognates, or faux amis (false friends); these are words or expressions that have similar spellings (and origins) but over time have developed very different meanings in the two languages. Here are a few notorious examples:
achever, to finish or complete something; it does not mean "to achieve"
actuel, at this moment; it does not mean "actual."
assister, to help or assit; but it also means "to attend" or "to be present".
bureau nm, desk or office. in French, it is not the dresser where you put your clothes.
collège nm, middle school (grades 6 through 9 in France); it does not refer to college or university.
confuse, embarrassed; it does not mean "confused".
correct, appropriate, polite, honest; not generally used to mean "right answer."
déception nf, disappointment; it does not mean "deception."
éditeur nm, publisher; it does not mean "editor".
figure nf, face; not used to mean numbers or one's "shape".
football nm, English word used in French for the game of soccer, not U.S. football.
grand, tall, to describe people.
lecture nf, means reading; it does mean "lecture" as in English.
librairie nf, bookstore; in French, the word for library is bibliothèque
roman nm, a novel; in French, the word for Roman is spelled romain.
sale adj, dirty, soiled; the French word for sale is soldes, and à vendre means for sale.
sensible adj, sensitive; in French, a sensible person is described as raissonable.
Misusing these words can lead you to say or write something awkward and even embarrassing.
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