第51本书 Option B 读书笔记03

作者: 风境羽 | 来源:发表于2017-07-05 18:00 被阅读43次



    Raising Resilient Kids 培养有复原力的孩子

    We all want to raise resilient kids so they can overcome obstacles big and small. 

    Resilience leads to greater happiness, more success, and better health.

    Building resilience depends on the opportunities children have and the relationships they form with parents, caregivers, teachers, and friends. 

    We can start by helping children develop four core beliefs:

    (1) they have some controlover their lives;

    (2) they can learn from failure;

    (3) they matter as human beings;

    (4) they have real strengths to rely on and share.


    These four beliefs have a real impact on kids.

    One study tracked hundreds of at-risk children for three decades.

    They grew up in environments with severe poverty, alcohol abuse, or mental illness, and two out of three developed serious problems by adolescence and adulthood.

    Yet despite these extreme hardships, a third of the kids matured into“competent, confident, and caring young adults”with no record of delinquency or mental health problems.

    These resilient children shared something: they felt a strong sense of control over their lives.

    They saw themselves as the masters of their own fate and viewed negative events not as threats but as challenges and even opportunities.



    (1) they have some control over their lives;

    在悲剧发生之前,生活一直是可控的。但是悲剧一旦发生,必然会使生活变得失控,人最怕的就是过失控的生活,失控意味着有太多的变数在里面,尤其是对于孩子来说,他们本身就是对生活毫无掌控能力,所以说面对悲剧所带来的失控生活,大人们最先给予孩子的应该是可控感。

    只有对生活有了掌控感,他们才会慢慢地从痛苦当中走出来,即使这种掌控感非常弱小,如每天日常有规律的生活作息,学习上的小小的进步,小伙伴们定期举行的活动,等等,只要然他们体验到,虽然外面发生了天翻地覆的变化,但是只要身边的事情还处于自己掌控之中就行了,在自己掌控的生活中,每天都会有小确幸,这就足够了。

    随着这种掌控感的加强,他们会学着对生活中的很多事情有掌控能力,掌控自己的梦想,掌控自己的人生,掌控自己每一天的进步,最终掌控自己的命运。从小的掌控感到大的掌控感的成长,会逐渐的让他们从失控的生活里走出来,走出悲伤,变得更加坚强。

    (2) they can learn from failure;

    The second belief that shapes children’s resilience is that they can learn from failure.

    心理学家发现,面对困境当人们以成长式思维模式(growth mindset)面对的话,失败对于他们来说是一次学习的机会,他们会失败中学习和发展必备的技能,更好地面对生活中的挫折。

    成长式思维模式让人更加看重过程本身而非结果如何。他们忙着解决问题,学习新课程,钻研重要议题。也许他们最终没能找到问题的答案,但是探索的过程是极具意义的。

    固定型思维模式(fixed mindset)的人认为结果高于一切。如果你失敗了,或者说你不是最优秀的,此前所有的付出都是白费。

    他们非常担心别人如何评价他,他们会拼命地维护自己高大、完美的形象。他们不时地炫耀自己的才能,并为此产生优越感。他们不能容忍自己犯错误,一次失败足以成为永久的、挥之不去的心灵创伤,且很容易的给自己贴上失败者的标签,从此一蹶不振。

    而成长式思维则不会太在意别人的看法,他们知道这只不过自己能力暂时不够。他们更在意的是如何在做事的过程中得到提高。对他们来说,没有成长才是失败。

    所以,当孩子面临伤痛的时候,要及时培养他们的成长型思维,让他从伤心中、失意、痛苦中学到新的东西,而不是让他们沉迷于痛苦中,自我否定,无力改变现状。

    因为Whether children develop a fixed or growth mindset depends in part on the type of praise they receive from parents and teachers.可见培养是多么重要。

    (3) they matter as humanbeings;

    The third belief that affects children’s resilience is mattering: knowing that other people notice you, care about you, and rely on you.

    Many parents communicate this naturally. 

    They listen closely to their children, show that they value their ideas, and help them create strong, secure attachments with others.

    Those who felt they mattered were less likely to have low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal thoughts.

    陷入痛苦当中的孩子需要让人注意他、关心他、依赖他。因为这意味着有人在乎你,你是很重要的存在。

    面对困难和失败人们通常会觉得自己无能为力,自己无力解决问题。

    人们不再需要他,他对于别人是无足轻重的存在。这时他会被所有人忽视,不再觉得他很重要。

    他就会可以的去疏远人群,一个人躲起来自己承受这种挫败感。这种挫败感又会紧紧的抓住他不放,结果就是他的尊严受到伤害,产生抑郁自杀的倾向。

    不重要,不被人重视,是最让人难以忍受的,这也是好多老年人为什么明明不能去做某些事,却偏要去做,就是因为他想向别人证明自己还行,自己还有能力去做事情,不想不被重视。其实孩子也是一样,不被人重视是非常让人难以忍受的。

    (4) they have real strengths to rely on and share.

    Helping children identify strengths can be critical after traumatic events.

    The fourth belief held by resilient kids is that they have strengths they can rely on and share with others.

    他们有优点和长处可以依赖并且能够与人分享这些优点和长处。

    优点越多的人往往活的越自信,越乐观,而没有什么优点的同学往往是内向和悲观。

    没有优点,就好像在这个世界上我们没有一样可以立足的本领,人就会很迷茫,没有目标和方向,因为他们并没有可以帮助自己达到目标的能力。

    而有优点,我们是可以充分发挥自己的长处和优势来取得自己的目标。

    所以,培养有复原力的孩子需要发现他们的优点和长处,使其生活中有目标有方向,有事可做。增强自尊心、自信心和乐观面对生活的能力,对这个世界更有话语权,而不受命运的摆布。

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