本文节选自《经济学人》2019.01.26期,Business版块中的一篇关于共享单车的报道。
建议大家先自主阅读原文,再学习精读笔记。原文篇幅大,本文节选六段,可分次阅读,读完笔记后,回头再读原文段落,测试自己是否能够流畅阅读,把握文章脉络。
文末会总结此次学习写作可以使用的词句,读者也可自己总结。会定期将内容进行总结,做成word分享,希望大家也能坚持学习
Lessons from the fall of China’s bike-sharing pioneer
the fall of:……的衰落
bike-sharing:共享单车
中国共享单车先驱的衰落带来的启示。
1
When every colour had been claimed by rival bike-sharing firms, Qicai Bike (or “seven colours”)went for the whole rainbow. Onto these flashy frames it fixed glow-in-the-dark wheels, hoping perhaps for a night-time edge over competitors. Launched in June 2017, Qicai’s dockless bicycles joined those of over 70 other bike-share startups in Chinese cities, unlocked and paid for with aQR code through smart-phone apps.
claimed by:被认领,合法拥有【写作推荐】词汇
rival:名词竞争对手,形容词:相互竞争的
went for:go for,有三个意思,1:适用于……,what I said about her go for you, too 我说的关于她的话也适用于你。2:去取回某人某物,she’s gone for some milk. 她买牛奶去了。3:喜欢,被吸引,she goes for tall slim man 她喜欢又高又瘦的男人。这里应该是第二个意思,指取用整个彩虹的色彩【写作推荐】词汇
frames:框架、骨架,自行车的车架
glow-in-the-dark:发夜光的,夜光设计的
edge over:edge,微弱的优势,edge on/over 略胜一筹【写作推荐】词汇,have a slight advantage over sth/sb
dockless:“无桩”refers to the fact that the bikes are not locked to dedicated physical stands指的是这些自行车不被锁在专用的地点
startups:创业公司
QR code:二维码(Quick Response)
当每一个颜色都被相互竞争的单车共享公司认领,七彩单车则认领了整个彩虹。七彩单车将夜光车轮安置在华丽的车架上,希望或许一晚上,就能胜过它的竞争者。2017年6月,七彩“无桩”共享单车与超过70家的共享单车公司一样,进入了中国城市,通过智能手机二维码解锁和支付
2
Yet it seemed clear by then that it was a two-bike race—a configuration typical of China’s feverish entrepreneurial battles. That same summer, Ofo, started by students at the elite Peking University in 2014, wheeled its dockless, buttercup-yellow bikes onto the Tibetan plateau, making Lhasa its 100th city. Its main competitor, Mobike, raised over $600m, the largest single dollop of funding in bike-sharing anywhere, in a round led by Tencent, a social-media giant. Each startup was valued at a fizzy $3bn or so.
the elite Peking University:北京大学。elite是精英的意思,如the elite school名校,elite group精英小组
wheeled:用有轮之物推动,这里形象地描述将Ofo单车打入市场
buttercup-yellow:奶油黄
Tibetan plateau:青藏高原
Lhasa:拉萨
然而,那时我们很清楚这是一场两家公司的竞赛——中国狂热企业战的典型配置。那个相同的夏天,在2014年由来自北京大学的学生们创立的Ofo,推动小黄车进入青藏高原,使拉萨成为拥有小黄车的第100个城市。它的主要竞争对手摩拜,募集超过6亿美元(单车共享最大的单笔资金投入),参加了一场由腾讯这一社交媒体巨头引导的竞赛。每个公司估价约为30亿美元。
3
Now Ofo is languishing. Lawsuits over bills it has failed to pay have multiplied, from bike manufacturers, locksmiths and logistics firms. Last month a court placed its 27-year-old founder, Dai Wei, on a credit blacklist, prohibiting him from staying in fancy hotels or flying first-class. He and his firm owe suppliers at least 194m yuan ($28.6m). Recently 12m-odd app users waited for deposit refunds in a virtual queue. In a letter to staff, Mr Dai wrote that he had considered bankruptcy. This month Ofo dissolved its international unit
languishing:to become weaker or fail to make progress,衰弱或停止进步
have multiplied:sth have multiplied 某物成倍增加,可以说:Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作业在成倍增加【写作推荐】词汇
logistics firms:物流公司
place sb on a credit blacklist:将某人列入信用黑名单
fancy hotels:豪华酒店
flying first-class:乘坐飞机头等舱【地道描述】
deposit refunds:退保押金。Deposit 押金,refund偿还
virtual queue:虚拟队列,即网上排队等待
international unit:国际子公司
如今Ofo正在衰退,关于其欠款的诉讼成倍增加,这些诉讼来自于自行车生产商,锁匠和物流公司。上个月,法院将27岁的创始人戴威列入信用黑名单,禁止其入住豪华酒店或者乘坐飞机头等舱。他和他的公司欠供应商至少1.94亿人民币(2860万美元)。最近,1200万app用户正在等待退换押金。在一封给工作人员的信中,戴维说道他考虑过破产。本月,Ofo解散其国际子公司。
4
Theft and vandalism hurt all firms. Another startup, 3vbike, shut after almost all its 1,000 bikes were stolen. Cities grew tired of pile-ups clogging streets. Twelve barred new bikes, including Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, in August 2017, and began to ban ads on them.
vandalism:毁坏破坏公物
grew tired of:对……越来越厌倦【写作推荐】词汇。I grew tired of pretending to be happy
pile-ups:堆积物,这里指闲置的共享单车
偷窃和故意毁坏会损害所有的公司。另一个创业公司—3Vbike,在几乎所有的1000辆自行车被偷后倒闭了。城市对闲置的共享单车堵塞街头越来越厌倦。2017年9月,12座城市禁止新的共享单车入城,包括北京,上海和深圳,并且禁止与其相关的广告。
5
Against such headwinds it has been a surprise to see a new challenger ascend to third place behind Ofo and Mobike. Hello-Bike recently raised 4bn yuan, some of it from Alibaba’s Ant Financial, but is showing signs of being more disciplined. In late 2017 it merged with a peer, and claims to have bikes in 300 Chinese cities. A co-founder says it was wrong to compare shared-bike services to food-delivery and ride-hailing. The former require far larger sums to be invested to win turf wars, which can lead to oversupply and waste.
headwinds:顶头风,against such headwinds,意指迎着这样的逆境
ascend to:上升,攀登 ascend to third place behind,指的是,继前两者之后继续攀登共享单车这项事业。
showing signs of:表现出……的迹象
The former:前者,反义词,the latter 后者
turf wars:地盘战
面对这样的困境,这实在是令人惊奇,继Ofo和Mobike之后还有新的挑战者。哈啰出行最近筹集了40亿元,其中包括了阿里巴巴的蚂蚁金服,不过哈罗出行表现的更规范些。2017年末,它和一个同类公司合并,并声称其单车分布在中国的300个城市。一个共同创立者说:“把共享单车服务和送外卖以及打车服务相提并论是不正确的。前者需要更大的资金投入以赢得地盘之争,而者可能会导致过度供应和浪费”
6
HelloBike’s late entry let it become known in big cities with only about a third as many bikes as Ofo and Mobike deployed at their peak. It claims it will be profitable this year, mostly from 1-yuan rides. Two-fifths of these are in lower-tier cities with little competition, which has allowed it to avoid subsidy wars. But the firm has swagger, suggesting it might still get ahead of itself: “If an acquisition happens,” says Mr Li,“we will be the ones devouring others.”
deployed:部署
at their peak:在某人的巅峰时刻,鼎盛时期
be profitable:有利可图,创造良好的业绩;make a profit
lower-tier:低端的,较低层次的 ~ cities 指的是三、四线城市
allowed it to:使其能够做某事【写作推荐】词汇= enable sb to do sth
由于哈啰出行上市较晚,在大城市中,与Ofo和摩拜单车在其巅峰时期部署的单车数相比,其数量仅是他们的1/3。哈啰出行声称今年将会盈利,主要来源为1元骑行,其盈利地点2/5来源于三、四线城市,那里竞争较少,且能避免补贴战。不过,这家公司有些过于自信,暗示自己可能会超越预期,李先生说:“如果发生了一次收购,我们将会是那个吞掉其他公司的一方。”
总结
claimed by:被认领,合法拥有【写作推荐】词汇
went for:go for,有三个意思,1:适用于……,what I said about her go for you, too 我说的关于她的话也适用于你。2:去取回某人某物,she’s gone for some milk. 她买牛奶去了。3:喜欢,被吸引,she goes for tall slim man 她喜欢又高又瘦的男人。这里应该是第二个意思,指取用整个彩虹的色彩【写作推荐】词汇
edge over:edge,微弱的优势,edge on/over 略胜一筹【写作推荐】词汇,have a slight advantage over sth/sb
have multiplied:sth have multiplied 某物成倍增加,可以说:Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作业在成倍增加【写作推荐】词汇
flying first-class:乘坐飞机头等舱【地道描述】
grew tired of:对……越来越厌倦【写作推荐】词汇。I grew tired of pretending to be happy
allowed it to:使其能够做某事【写作推荐】词汇= enable sb to do sth
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