第2节：英语中的形容词，副词，动词，动名词，动词不定式

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简书专题-英语协会：往后余生，努力学习

第1节：英语中的名词，冠词和数词，代词

形容词

形容词是用来修饰名词的，什么是形容词呢？是用来描述事物或者人的性质和特征的 ，形容词分性质形容词和叙述形容词。

用来描述事物的性质或特征的形容词为性质形容词，在句子中可以作定语，表语，补语。 This is hot。有级的变化和可用程度副词哦~

叙述形容词只做表语，用来描述事物的嘛，I am strong boy.

形容词注意事项，用来修饰名词时，放在名词的前面，但是如果修饰的尾部有 -thing 那么就要放在这个词的后面哦~

friendly, lovely, likely, lively为形容词，以 -ly 为结尾的有可能是形容词，也可能是副词，也有可能是既为形容词，也为副词。

// 表示类别和整体
the rich
the poor
the Chinese
the English
the French

修饰名词： 限定词-数词-描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词

1. 年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词
2. 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

副词

副词是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词等。

副词可以在动词之前，在be动词和助动词之后等。

He speaks English well.

口诀

1. 小单位在前，大单位在后
2. 副词长在后，短在前
3. 程度 - 地点 - 方式 - 时间副词

wide 空间宽度 与 widely 广泛地
close 近 与 closely 仔细地
late 晚 与 lately 最近
deep 深 与 deeply 深深地
high 空间高度 与 highly 程度
free 免费 与 freely 无限制地

比较级

tall - taller - tallest
great - greater - greatest
nice - nicer - nicest
large - larger - largest
able - abler - ablest
big - bigger - biggest
hot - hotter - hottest
easy - easier - easiest
busy - busier - busiest
clever - cleverer - cleverest
narrow - narrower - narrowest
important - more important - most important
easily - more easily - most easily

good - better - best
bad - worse - worst
old - older/elder - oldest/eldest
much/many - more - most
little - less - least
far - farther/further - farthest/furthest

// 比较级
so… as
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
倍数+ as + adj. + as
倍数+ then + of
比较级形容词或副词 + than

1. much more +不可数名词
2. many more +可数名词复数

// 最高级
the + 最高级 + 比较范围

// 用比较级
a bit
a lot 
any
still
even
a little
rather
much 
far 
by far 
many

// 最高级
far 
much
mostly
almost
by far

the more... the more...
more B than A
less A than B
more than

1. no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多
2. no less… than…　与……一样……

动词

动词即动作的状态

动词分：

1. 实义动词：having
2. 系动词
3. 助动词：has
4. 情态动词

是否带有宾语分：

1. 及物动词：sing many songs
2. 不及物动词：sing

She sings very well.
I want to learn English.

动词分五种形态：

1. 原形
2. 第三人称单数形式
3. 过去式
4. 过去分词
5. 现在分词

I fell ill yesterday.
I am a teacher.
She always kept silent.
I look tired.
I seem very sad.
This flower smells very sweet.
I go home.
His plan turned out a success.

She doesn't like English.
I am singing.
Do you like college life?
She did know that.

English is becoming more and more important.
English is taught throughout the world.
I am to go to New York next week.
Who is to go there?

have + 过去分词
have + been + 过去分词
have + been + 现在分词
I have left for China.
I have been studying English for five years.
English has been taught in China.

Did you study English?
I don't like to study.
Don't go there
I do miss you.

// shall 有命令的意思
I will go to Guangzhou.
I shall study harder at English.

// 动词+副词
// 动词+介词
// 动词+副词+介词
add up
add up to 
above all
for all
in all
 all along
along with
one another
anything but
as for
as if
right away
back and forth
back down
back out
beat down
beat up
become of
make the best of
bit by bit
blow up 
break down
break in 
break out
break off
break through
bring about
bring forth
bring off
bring out
bring through
bring up
build up
burn down
burn out
burn up
close up 
come about
come across
comt to
in common
out of control
cook up 
count in
cover up
take cover

to do - to be done
to have done - to have been done
doing - being done
having done - having been done
doing - being done
having done - having been done

动名词

动名词可作主语、宾语和表语

doing + ...
V. + doing sth

// 词组后接doing 
admit to doing
object to doing
look forward to doing

1. be worth + n
2. be worthy of +n
3. be worth-while to do sth

动词不定式

to do

I like to keep everything tidy.
I want to like you.

afford to do 
aim to do 
agree to do 
ask to do 
be to do
decide to do
bother to do
come to do 
dare to do
expect to do
hope to do 
fail to do
happen to do
help to do
learn to do 
wait  to do
wish to do

动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise sb to do
allow sb to do
believe sb to do
command sb to do
drive sb to do
find sb to do
induce sb to do
know sb to do
order sb to do
report sb to do
request sb to do
send sb to do
tell sb to do
think sb to do
train sb to do
urge sb to do
understand sb to do

It's easy for me to do that
It's very kind of you to help us

动词不定式可以作宾语，补语，主语，可以作表语，定语，状语。

to... only to
in order to
so as to
so.. as to..

介词的 to

admit to doing
be accustomed to doing 
be used to doing
stick to doing
turn to doing
be devoted to doing
look forward to doing

too...to... 太…以至于…
so as to 表示目的 so as not to do
why not 为什么不……?

tell sb to do sth. 否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth.
warn sb to do sth. 否定形式为 warn sb not to do sth.

往后余生，唯独有你
简书作者：达叔小生
90后帅气小伙，良好的开发习惯；独立思考的能力；主动并且善于沟通
简书博客： https://www.jianshu.com/u/c785ece603d1

结语

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