Increasing Your Word Power

scorn

sigh

Irespect.

neglect

declining

scorned

neglect t

decline

swing

has risen

decline

decrease

respect

sighing

decrease

swinging

Complete the following sentences with “behavior”, “manners”, or both. Change the form where necessary.

manners

manners

behavior

manners

manners.

behavior

behavior/manners

manners

manners

behaviour /manners

All the words in the following table can form acceptable collocations with the target words in italics. Cross out the word that is not similar in meaning from the rest in every group.

Answers for reference:

Did you notice the suffixes –ful, –less in words that you have come across from Units 1-6, such as harmful, dreadful, joyless, restless? Both suffixes can be added to nouns or verbs to form adjectives. When added to nouns, –ful can mean “full of” or “having the quality of”, such as careful; while –less can mean “without” or “not having the quality of”, such as careless. In this case, –ful can be understood as the opposite of –less. But when added to verbs, –ful can mean “apt to, able to; accustomed to”, such as forgetful, while –less can mean “cannot be –ed”, such as countless.

Now complete the following table by adding –ful and –less to the words. Some words can be combined with only one of the prefixes. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

Answers for reference:

一个轻率的决定

a thoughtless decision

一位多产的作家

a fruitful writer

一位仁慈的老人

a merciful old man

一个强大的国家

a powerful nation

一个和平的解决方案

a peaceful solution

一次令人愉快的聚会

a delightful party

一个健忘的人

a forgetful man

一个多事的年代

an eventful age

一个充满希望的未来

a hopeful future

一次毫无结果的调查

a fruitless investigation

GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

Study the following sentences that appear in this unit and reflect on the WITH phrases. Reflect on the grammatical function of the WITH phrase serves in each sentence. Then do the following two tasks.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) Adverbial of manner

2) Adverbial of accompanying circumstances; adverbial of manner.

3) Adverbial of cause

4) Adverbial of accompanying circumstances

5) Adverbial of manner

Task 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing a phrase introduced by WITH.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) She was holding the baby with great care.

2) With (his) chin cupped in (his) hands, he looked at his mother sitting opposite him.

3) A truck screamed down the pathway, with (its) headlights flashing and (its) horn blaring.

4) The teacher entered the classroom, with (a/his) cup in (his) hand and (a/his) textbook under (his) arm.

5) The children stepped into the museum, with their eyes wide open out of curiosity.

Task 2: Translate the following into English, using WITH phrase where possible.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) She likes listening to music with (her) eyes closed.

2) He waved me goodbye, with eyes filled with tears.

3) With the guide leading the way, the tourists walked towards the seaside.

4) The first round of negotiations ended, with no agreements reached between the two sides.

5) It is bad table manners to talk with (the/one’s) mouth full of food.

Cloze

▇ Complete the following passage with words chosen from both Text A and Text B. The initial letter of each of the words to be filled in is given.

▆ Answers:

alternatives

current

decline

rude

disrespectful

ignore

gestures

sheer

courteously

media

spreading

trend

sections

lax

15)    ignorant

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.

▆ Answers for reference:

There’s no other alternative, all you can do is to adjust yourself to the new environment.

For most people, wealth and fame does not contribute much to creating a sense of wellbeing.

The house has been deserted for a long time and there is a thick layer of dust on the furniture.

Whether it was a deliberate act or not, the school chose to ignore it and gave the boy another opportunity.

It was that incident that made me see him in a completely different light.

The report points out that the fire was due to his neglect of duty.

It is rude to spit in public. I want you to put a stop to such bad behavior.

Basically, there is nothing wrong with his learning ability. What is at the root of the problem is his lack of interest in language learning.