英国人爱玩弄词语 - 英式幽默从孩提时代培养。
介绍
至今,“英国文化园”公众号在“跟着英国娃儿上学堂”栏目里刊登了好几个专题。我们对读者们一直陪伴着两个娃娃成长心怀感动。我们开设一个新专题“英国小学课堂荟萃”,分享两个孩子在英国的学校生活。在这个专题里,妈妈将挑选一些英国小学课堂中精彩的、有特色的,或者特别能给教师或父母以启迪的内容刊登。
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今天首先来看可燊作业的翻译文和答案。
Chicken Life Cycle
鸡的生命周期
Chickens are the most common bird on earth. 鸡是地球上最常见的鸟类。Chickens live in groups called flocks. 鸡是群居动物,英文用flock这个词来代表“鸡群”。There are about 60 breeds. 鸡大约有60个品种。Chickens eat worms, insects, seeds, grains, fruits, vegetables, and lots more.鸡吃蠕虫、昆虫、种子、谷物、水果、蔬菜以及其他的很多东西。
What happens during the first stage of the chicken life cycle?
Egg
鸡的生命周期第一阶段:蛋
The hen lays an egg. 母鸡下一个蛋。Chicken eggs can be brown, white, blue, bluish green and pink. 鸡蛋可以是褐色、白色、蓝色、蓝绿色和粉红色的。Only if the egg is fertilized by a cockerel, can it become a chick. 只有受了精的鸡蛋才能孵出小鸡。The hen keeps the eggs warm by sitting on them.母鸡坐在鸡蛋上为其保暖。
What happens during the second stage of the chicken life cycle?
Chick
鸡的生命周期第二阶段:小鸡
Baby chickens are called chicks.英文称鸡宝宝为chick。
The chick hatches from an egg.小鸡从鸡蛋里孵化出来。
It pecks a hole in the shell with its egg tooth.小鸡用蛋齿在蛋壳上啄一个洞。
They are covered with tiny, soft, fluffy feathers called down to keep them warm.小鸡全身长满细小蓬松的软毛,称为“羽绒”。羽绒给它们保暖。
What happens during the third stage of the chicken life cycle?
Hen or cockerel
鸡的生命周期第三阶段:母鸡或公鸡
The chick grows up and changes over time into a chicken. Chickens can live between 10 and 15 years. 小鸡逐渐成长变成鸡。鸡能活10到15年。
Chickens are raised for their meat and eggs. 人们饲养肉鸡和蛋鸡。
Female chickens are called hens and male chickens are called cockerels. 雌性的鸡称为母鸡,雄性的鸡称为公鸡。
Cockerels are bigger and more colourful than the hens. They do a little dance to impress the hens. 公鸡比母鸡个头大,羽毛的颜色也更鲜艳。公鸡会跳舞来吸引母鸡。
Hens can lay around 300 eggs every year.母鸡一年大约能产300只蛋。
Questions about the chicken life cycle
Answer the questions below in full sentences. 用完整的句子回答以下问题。
1. What are the groups that chickens live in called?鸡群的英文是什么?
A: The groups that chickens live in are called flocks.
2. How many breeds of chicken are there?鸡有多少个品种?
A: There are about 60 breeds of chicken.
3. Name two things chickens eat.列出两种鸡的食物。
A: They are grains and worms.
4. What colour can eggs be?鸡蛋可以是什么颜色的?
A: They can be brown, white, blue, bluish green and pink.
5. How do hens keep the eggs warm?母鸡如何给鸡蛋保暖?
A: Hens keep the eggs warm by sitting on them.
6. What are baby chickens called?鸡宝宝被称为什么?
A: They are called chicks.
7. What does the chick do with its egg tooth?小鸡用蛋齿来做什么?
A: It pecks a hole in the shell with its egg tooth.
8. How long do chickens live?鸡活多长时间?
A: Chickens can live between 10 and 15years.
接下来我们来讲一些奇怪的单词。
昨天我们看到老师发给家长的信息中有这么一个说法:Eggciting news! 而可燊念叨了几天的句子:“Mummy, Mummy, I am so so so eggcited. The chicks are going to come out tomorrow!”中有一个eggcited。还没看够?再来几个:eggcellent, eggtraordinary, eggceptional。
聪明的读者可能已从这些例子中看出了端倪。这些词都以egg 开头,egg后面跟着的部分也很眼熟:exciting, excited, excellent, extraordinary 和 exceptional。Egg 的发声与 ex 的发声相近。这是英国人玩弄词语的一种手法,称为pun。剑桥辞典对pun 的解释:ahumoroususe of a word or phrase that has severalmeaningsor that soundslike another word,相关语或语义相关的俏皮话。
英国人在生活中使用大量相关语。这是与英国人的民族幽默感密不可分的。我曾经写过一篇关于英式幽默的文章:话说英国:英国人绕脑子的幽默(可点击此链接)
英国人雍容内敛的民族特征致使英国人说话婉转含蓄,特别是对人或事不满时,很多英国人不会直言不讳地指出。另外,英国人视幽默感为一个人高智商和高素养的象征。Pun 正是英国人含蓄特征和幽默感的表现方式。然而,英国人使用pun常常造成非英国人的理解困难。除了不能按照字面意思理解他们说的话,我们还需对英国文化有深度的理解。
上面以egg 来构词的相关语,是英国人结合复活节(蛋通常是复活节的一个象征)来玩弄词汇表现其幽默感。下面给大家另外一些使用一词多义来玩弄词语的例子。
这里有两个用于批评的 pun:
This government thinks that flood defences are a drain on the country.
Drain一词有“下水管道”之意,也指“使人疲倦的事物”。Flood defences 是洪水防御工程,与下水管道的安装有关。整句话指的是政府对洪水防御不力,政府感到这些工程沉重,工作疲沓。
There’s rubbish on TV these days, I tuned into one station and all it showed were programmes about ferries and seagulls. My advice? Avoid the English Channel.
English Channel指“英吉利海峡”也可指英国电视频道。Avoid the English Channel.指的是别去英吉利海峡呢,还是别看英国电视频道?读者自定吧。
大家应该都熟识pun还经常被用于广告,绝妙的广告词为广告增色不少。
The Car in Front is a Toyota
In front 是“前面”也代表“领先”。
You’re broke. We’ll fix it.
这是一个贷款公司的广告。Broke 指“破了”,也可以是形容词,指“没钱的”。Fix 有“修理”之意,还可用于解决问题。这里就是说:你没钱。我帮你解决。
从小可燊的老师对pun的使用中,我们可见英国人对幽默感的培养从孩提时代就开始了,难怪英式幽默在英国如此根深蒂固。
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