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英语语法25期——被动语态

英语语法25期——被动语态

作者: 虫二无虫 | 来源:发表于2018-09-07 19:35 被阅读17次

    在现代英语中语态只有两种,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态就是上期给大家分享的16种时态;这期我们就一起来会晤下被动语态。

    被动语态也是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词的关系,且能形成被动语态的动词一定是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态,你就得会区分哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的,特别是一词多义的动词,大家学习过程中要多积累,忘记怎么区分动词的同学可以回头去看第5期《动词的分类》

    主动语态与被动语态的区别:

    主语是动作的发出者为主动语态

    例:He killed her(他杀了她)

    主语是动作的接受者为被动语态

    例:She was killed by him(她被他杀了)

    被动语态的构成

    被动语态的结构为:助动词be+动词的过去分词,通过助动词be形式上的变化来表示不同的时态(如下图),在16种时态中,有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态,因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种。

    分别举例说明:


    一般时的被动语态

    一般现在时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词,下同)

    He is lovedby everyone(他受到大家的爱戴)

    I am asked to study hard(我被要求努力学习)

    一般过去时的被动语态:主语 + was + P.P

    The book was written by him(这本书是他写的)

    He was seen dancing yesterday(他昨天跳舞被看到了)

    一般将来时的被动语态:主语 + will  be +P.P

    The naughty boy will be punished by his mother(这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚)

    He will be elected president next year(下一年他将会被选为主席)

    一般过去将来时的被动语态:主语 + would  be + P.P

    He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他说他会被派遣到叙利亚)

    进行时的被动语态

    现在进行时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/are  being + P.P

    Prisoners are being judged(犯人正在被审判)

    My bike is being repaired (我的自行车正在修理当中)

    过去进行时的被动语态:主语 + was/were  being + P.P

    The stadium was being built that time.(那时体育场正在建设当中)

    完成时的被动语态

    现在完成时的被动语态:主语 + have/has  been + P.P

    This book has been translated into many languages.(这本书被翻译成很多语言)

    过去完成时的被动语态:主语 + had  been + P.P

    The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到时人质已经被释放了)

    将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + will + have  been + P.P

    He will have been judged by the time you arrived

    到这里我们已经知道了9种时态的被动语态,还有一种不常用的过去将来完成时,大家了解即可

    过去将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + would have been + P.P

    I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了)

    注意:

    ① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时,这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化,例:

    主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.

    被动:The washing machine will not be used again.

    (洗衣机不能再用了)

    ② 带有双宾语的授予动词,其被动语态有两种,当直接宾语作为主语时,间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例:

    I gave him a book (主动)

    He was given a book by me (被动)

    A book was given to him by me(被动)

    (我给了他一本书)

    ③ 否定句主动语态变为被动语态,be动词之后加not

    主动语态:They do not love him

    被动语态:He is not loved by them

    (他们不爱他)

    我们知道了被动语态的表达方式,那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢?

    这期就到这里了,码字不易,望大家多支持鼓励

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