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如何通过回译学习新概念英语?

如何通过回译学习新概念英语?

作者: Ericlub | 来源:发表于2019-04-03 10:00 被阅读12次

    本文素材选自新概念英语3  Lesson 44 

    适合积累旅游类写作素材,细节化的描述简直是不能再棒了!

    1、出远门的人常常需要决定是走旱路、水路,还是坐飞机。

    补充表达:

    旱路 by land

    水路 by sea

    我们可能会这样翻译:

    People travelling for long distance often need to decide whether they travel by land, by sea or by airplane.

    原文翻译:

    People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.

    对比发现原文对于"出远门"并没有加介词 for, 体现出原文的精简,因为 travel 既可作及物动词 vt,也可作不及物动词 vi。下面来了解下两者的区别:

    及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分。

    及物动词(需要加宾语句意才完整)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。

    例如:

    I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.

    我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

    “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.

    哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

    不及物动词(不需要加宾语句意就完整)本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词;若不及物动词后要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如 to, of ,at 后方可跟上宾语。

    例如:

    Birds can fly. 

    鸟会飞。

    She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 

    她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

    介词短语 by land, by sea, by airplane 作为三个并列成分,可以省略 by, 让句子更精简。

    2、很少有人能够真正喜欢坐几个小时以上的火车。

    我们可能会这样翻译:

    Few people would like to sit in a train for couple of hours.

    原文翻译:

    Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.

    思考2个问题:

    1、few 和 a few 的区别是什么?与 little, a little 的区别又是什么?

    2、hardly 副词放在句首,为什么不用倒装?

    回答1:

    ① few 和 a few 虽然只差一个 a, 但意思几乎完全相反

    比如:I have a few friends in the government. (我在政府里认识些朋友),也就是我“上面有人”。但如果你说:I have few friends in the government. 那就说明你在政府里不认识什么人。

    所以,few 就是“很少,几乎没有”,而 a few 则表示“有一些”,它们都是形容词,修饰可数名词(countable nouns)。

    ② little/a little之间的区别
    其实用法跟 a few 和 few 类似,区别就在于 a little 和 little 只能修饰“不可数名词”。

    例如:

    There is a little water in the bottle.

    瓶子里还有一些水。

    There is little water in the bottle.

    瓶子里几乎没水了。

    此外,quite a little 表示“很多”,“大量”,也用来修饰不可数名词。

    例如:

    There is quite a little water in the bottle.

    瓶子里还有大量的水。

    回答2:

    有时,hardly位于句首,但句子未引起倒装。根本原因在于,hardly不是修饰谓语动词,而是修饰句子的主语。因为hardly具有否定含义,后面的名词或代词往往含有any,以否定的面貌出现。如:hardly anyone, hardly any book, hardly anything, hardly any of them等。

    这跟only很相似,有时only虽位于句首,但修饰的是主语,也不用倒装。

    实质上,当这俩词修饰主语时,根本也无法形成倒装。

    请比较:

    ① Hardly any of us believed what he had said.  

    我们几乎没有人相信他说过的话。(修饰主语,不倒装)

    ② Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 

    他一进屋就下雨。(修饰动词entered,倒装)

    ① Only socialism can save China. 

    只有社会主义才能救中国。(修饰主语,不倒装)

    ② Only then did I realize the importance of English. 

    只有在那时,我才认识到英语的重要性。(修饰状语then,倒装)

    3、车厢很快就变得拥挤、闷热,想摆脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。

    我们可能会这样翻译:

    Train compartments will soon get crowded and hot, and it is almost impossible to get rid of the journey.

    原文翻译:

    Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.

    我们学习下原文的两个单词 cramped 和 stuffy, 体会作者用词之精确。

    cramped 的英文解释:a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it ,意思上可以与 crowded 替换,但 cramped 更加精确且高级。

    例如:

    The kitchen was small and cramped. 

    a cramped apartment.

    stuffy 的英文解释:a room or building that is stuffy does not have enough fresh air in it,更能体现出“闷热”之意。

    例如:

    It’s getting stuffy in here – do you mind if I open the window?

    此外,stuffy 还有“保守的,枯燥无味的”之意,英文解释:people, occasions, or places that are stuffy are too formal and old-fashioned – used to show disapproval

    例如:

    Their wedding was stuffy and formal.

    4、看书只能解决部分问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦乡。

    我们可能会这样翻译:

    Reading can only solve part of the problems, and the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon get you to sleep.

    原文翻译:

    Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.

    首先,“解决部分问题” 我们习惯于用“动词 + 名词”进行写作(受限于中文思维),英文中常用“形容词 + 名词”进行翻译,句式精简。一般来说,能用2个词表达清楚意思,就尽量避免冗余的写法。

    其次,我们把两个分句写成了一个并列复合句,语法没有错误,对比发现作者采用 for 引导的原因状语从句,使得整个句子的意思更加紧凑。当然,我们也可以把 ,for 替换成 because,那么问题来了,for 和 because 引导的原因状语从句有何区别?

    Because 和 for 的用法不同之处:

    1.作为原因状语,because 引导的原因状语从句位置灵活,而 for 引导的原因状语从句只可在主句之后。

    例如:

    The doctor looks tired because he sat up all night.

    = Because he sat up all night, the doctor looks tired.

    医生看上去很疲劳,因为他整晚都站着。

    The doctor looks tired, for he sat up all night with the patient.

    医生看上去很疲劳,因为他整晚都站着。

    2.由 because 引导的原因状语分句可以单独用来回答why引导的问句,而 for 引导的分句不行。

    例如:

    -Why does the doctor look so tired?

    为什么医生看上去那么累?

    -Because he sat up all night.

    因为他整晚都站着。

    3.作为原因状语,because前可带否定词或其他修饰语,还可带某些并列连词,而 for 分句不可。

    例如:

    The doctor looks tired, not because(不能用 for) he isn’t feeling well, but because he sat up all night with the patient.

    医生看上去很疲劳,不是因为他不舒服,是因为他整晚都站着。

    最后,“把某人送入梦乡” 原文用的是 lull sb. to do 而不是 get sb. to do,体会下作者用词之精确。lull的英文解释:to make someone feel calm or as if they want to sleep

    例如:

    The hum of the tyres on the road lulled her to sleep.

    路上轮胎的嗡嗡声使她昏昏欲睡。 

    今天分享的这4句话,总结起来就可以运用到雅思写作话题:旅游的利弊。

    What are the disadvantages of travelling by train?

    Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.

    很少有人能够真正喜欢坐几个小时以上的火车。车厢很快就变得拥挤、闷热,想摆脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。看书只能解决部分问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦乡。

    如果你有新概念英语这套经典教材,建议通过回译学起来吧,意想不到的收获在等着你!

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