PRISCA大学英语写作课堂共24讲,分24天发布,每天一讲,每堂课提供三大块内容,分别是写作基础讲解,英语写作模拟题目与参考范文(适用于大学英语四六级,英语专四专八,考研,以及雅思作文考试),核心词块速递。
所给作文题目模拟英语四六级考试,英语专业四级和八级考试,考研英语以及雅思考试英语的作文写作,所提供范文中划线的词块部分可以模仿背诵,活学活用在相关话题的作文考试写作中。所提供的写作基础讲解以及参考范文皆为原创,已经正式出版发行,收录于由上海外语教育出版社出版发行的《大学比较英语教程》1-4册中,转载请务必联系作者,版权所有,侵权必究。
PRISCA大学英语写作基础讲解(3)
It 形式主语与句型搭配在写作中的活用
当单句主语结构较长,容易使句子产生“head weight”(头重)的感觉时,英语单句结构则遵循“end weight”(尾重)的原则,即,把较长的主语全部置于句子尾部。前面主语位置用it来代替,担当形式主语的功能。作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,是为满足语法上的需要,目的是避免句子头重脚轻。
而汉语并不具有这类明显的特征,即使对英汉两种语言结构差异略有所知,在真正的运用中,也未必能够正确的体现出来。由于汉语思维负迁移的影响,中国学生在英语写作中一遇到“某人做某事是怎么样的/是什么”就习惯性地写成sb. + is/are +adj./n. + to do sth.
以下是写作中常用到的It形式主语与句型搭配的语块:
1. It 作动名词的形式主语与SVC句型搭配
It is + (no) use/good/useless + doing sth.
It is +a waste of time/energy/efforts + doing sth.
It is + good/useless/hard/foolish + doing sth.
It is + enjoyable/worthwhile + doing sth.
2. It 作主语从句的形式主语与SV句型搭配
It is + (adj) n./(adv.) adj./(adv.)v-ed + that…
It + seems/happens/appears/ + that…
It +matters//strikes/occurs(突然想起)+ that…
It is + said/reported/believed + that…
It is + (universally/widely)accepted/ + that…
It is +announced/estimated/acknowledged + that…
It + must be admitted/stressed out + that…
It + cannot be denied + that…
It + can be foreseen + that…
It + goes without saying + that…
3. It 作不定式的形式主语与SVC句型搭配
It is + a pity/a pleasure + to do sth.
It is + wrong/right/wise + of sb + to do sth.
It is + cruel/naughty/selfish + of sb + to do sth.
It is + necessary/hard/important + for sb + to do sth.
It is + difficult/possible/common + for sb + to do sth.
建议在写作中,首先,记住与It相关的句型结构;其次,模仿写作;之后,进行独立创作;最后,形成属于自己的模板句型。
下面是有使用It形式主语的句子:
(请分析并归类例句中的粗体部分)
(1)It is only difficult to learn a language if you don't want to.
(2) It is the way languages are usually taught that makes language learning hard to like.
(3) It was a strange sight, seeing both of my fully-grown,strong parents sob like that…
(4) Doesn't it make more sense to evaluate the resourcefulness of a student instead?
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