美文网首页英语点滴学术论文写作语言·翻译
Discussion不知道怎么写?顶级期刊Nature给你思路

Discussion不知道怎么写?顶级期刊Nature给你思路

作者: SallyChen_En | 来源:发表于2019-03-27 23:12 被阅读1次

    简书儿们,欢迎来到我的第7篇建书:期刊科学语言解析阅读专题——Nature Discussion精读。

    本文最初发表在个人公众号语言降落伞/En Style上,想要了解更多期刊英语相关内容的朋友,欢迎关注公众号。附上本文原文链接:

    郑已洞悉一切——一只“变色鱼”的独白

    本期分享的是《自然》2018年10月18日第7728期562卷关于墨鱼皮肤变化控制与发展的研究Elucidating the control and development of skin patterning in cuttlefish

    墨鱼(cuttlefish)具有猴哥式的“超能力“——改变皮肤颜色和纹理外观,用于伪装和交流。不过,与“72变”不同的是,墨鱼的皮肤变化是无数色素细胞有控制挤压的结果。德国马普大脑研究所科学家Gilles Laurent和同事提出色素细胞扩张状态的计算和分析方法,从自由行动的墨鱼上获取数据,对墨鱼背侧外套膜的色素细胞进行颜色分类。研究显示,墨鱼知觉状态的变化,可以从复杂的生理变化上反应出来,帮助人们理解墨鱼知觉状态与生理变化之间关联性。 

    在了解研究的基本情况后,接下来看看研究人员是怎么讨论结果的吧~

    Discussion

    ① We developed a strategy to track tens of thousands of individual chromatophores in freely behaving cephalopods, enabling studies of behaviour and development at cellular resolution. Our results open a path towards addressing many important biological questions.② A first question concerns visual perception. Cephalopod camouflage is unique in revealing a high-dimensional neural readout of the visual texture perception of an animal. ③ Identifying the primitives of cephalopod camouflage might not only reveal fundamental features of texture generation but also of vertebrate texture perception, because the former (in cephalopods) probably evolved in response to the latter (in their vertebrate predators). ④ A second question concerns the development of methods to analyse very large neural datasets in the context of naturalistic behaviour. Because chromatophore data can be assigned unambiguously to identified elements that lie at the same level of a neural hierarchy (here exclusively motor neurons), their analysis does not suffer from assumptions about their identities and positions in structured or recurrent circuits, as may happen with brain neural imaging. ⑤ A third question concerns morphogenesis and development. Our data suggest that simple local rules can explain the structure of a continuously growing chromatophore array. They thus lead directly to clear questions about mechanisms and about their similarity with ones known from other systems. ⑥ Fourth, our results indicate that very complex behaviours can be described quantitatively at cellular resolution and in species that may reveal much about shared constraints on brain evolution. ⑦This system is therefore particularly well-suited for studying the relationship between neural and behavioural dynamics, a central and general problem in neuroscience.

    解析:

    ①We developed a strategy to track tens of thousands of individual chromatophores in freely behaving cephalopodsenabling studies of behaviour and development at cellular resolution. Our results open a path towards addressing many important biological questions.

    我们制定了一项策略,追踪自由行动的头足动物体内数以万计的个体色素细胞,实现细胞层面的行为和变化研究。我们的研究结果为解决许多重要的生物学问题提供了可能。

    句型:简单句+后置-ing成分;简单句

    第一部分提出Discussion整体的message:important biological questions

    chromatophoren.  ['kromətə,fɔr]色素细胞

    cephalopod n. ['sɛfələpɑd]头足动物(如章鱼和乌贼)

    cellularadj. ['sɛljəlɚ]细胞的;由细胞组成的

    enablev. [VN to inf]使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行;使实现

    例:The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 

    这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。

    ② A first question concerns visual perception. Cephalopod camouflage is unique in revealing a high-dimensional neural readout of the visual texture perception of an animal.

    首先是视觉感知问题。头足类伪装在揭示动物视觉纹理感知的高维度神经信息方面具有独特性。

    句型:简单句

    这里讨论研究结果的第一个意义:视觉感知。

    ◆ 第二部分开始讲述研究结果可能解决的重要的生物学问题,采用并列结构,搭配顺序逻辑词。讨论结果意义部分值得借鉴的是顺序的灵活表达:A first/second/third question concerns;concern 动词,表示涉及,关于,同义替换be动词

    perception ( technical 术语 ) ( formal ) the way you notice things, especially with the senses知觉;感知

    visual perception视觉感知;除此之外,perception还表示洞察力、悟性(同义替换词insight):

    例:She showedgreat perceptionin her assessment of the situation. 她对这一情况的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力

    be unique in doing 在...方面具有独特性

    camouflagen.[ˈkæməflɑːʒ] (动物的)保护色,保护形状;(军事上的)伪装,隐蔽;v伪装;掩饰。文章中用的是第一个意思,头足类动物的伪装;变色龙伪装等都可以用这个意思。

    第二个意思可以用来形容兵哥哥(嘘,迷彩服对应的就是这个词。比如:troopsdressed in camouflage 穿迷彩服的军队。

    readoutn. 读数,显示数据/信息

    例:The system provides a digital readout of the vehicle's speed. 

     该系统提供车辆速度的电子读数。

    texture n. 质地,手感;口感;音乐或文学的神韵、乐感。文章中指动物的皮肤纹理

    ③ Identifying the primitives of cephalopod camouflage might not only reveal fundamental features of texture generation but also of vertebrate texture perception, because the former (in cephalopods) probably evolved in response to the latter (in their vertebrate predators).

    识别头足动物伪装的原始本能不仅有可能揭示纹理生成的基本特征,还可能揭示脊椎动物纹理感知的基本特征,因为前者(头足动物)可能是在应对后者(头足动物的脊椎动物天敌)的过程中进化而来。

    句型:复合句

    这里继续解释第一个问题

    primitive adj/n 原始的;落后的;原始本能/画家。文章中指一种动物的伪装的原始本能,下文中提到了进化的概念。

    vertebrate adj. 脊椎动物(比如海洋中的鲸鱼);头足类动物属于无脊椎动物(invertebrate)mollusc['mɑləsk] (软体动物),需要躲避一些脊椎动物天敌。下文解释可能这种伪装是为了感知脊椎动物的皮肤纹理,躲避天敌。

    predator捕食者,与之对应的是prey被捕食的动物,联想食物链

    ④ A second question concerns the development of methods to analyse very large neural datasets in the context of naturalistic behaviour. Because chromatophore data can be assigned unambiguously to identified elements that lie at the same level of a neural hierarchy (here exclusively motor neurons), their analysis does not suffer from assumptions about their identities and positions in structured or recurrent circuits, as may happen with brain neural imaging.

    第二个问题涉及自然环境行为背景下大量神经数据集的分析方法。因为色素细胞数据可以与同一神经结构层次(这里专指运动神经元)的识别元素配位,分析这些数据时不会遇到结构化或递归神经回路中的身份和位置问题,而像脑神经成像就有可能会遇到。

    句型:简单句;复合句

    这里的复合句是此前提到的圆周句和掉尾句的结合,前后都有其它成分,前面的because表示原因;后面的as表示例举。

    提出第二个相关问题:自然环境行为背景下大量神经数据集的分析方法。

    naturalistic adj 自然环境下的;比如naturalistic settings (实验)仿自然环境

    unambiguous 明确的,毫不含糊的;比如an unambiguous statement 明确的陈述;反义词ambiguous adj.模棱两可的,比如an ambiguous answer模棱两可的回答

    hierarchy n. 层次体系;(社会或组织)等级制度等;文章中相当于第一个意思;motor neuron运动神经元

    suffer from 有什么问题/缺陷,可以用这个词组进行同义替换

    ⑤ A third question concerns morphogenesis and development. Our data suggest that simple local rules can explain the structure of a continuously growing chromatophore array. They thus lead directly to clear questions about mechanisms and about theirsimilarity with onesknown from other systems.

    第三问题是形态发生和发育。我们的数据表明,简单的局部规则可以解释持续发育的色谱阵列。因此,这些规则可以直接解答很多生物体机制问题,以及这些机制与其它系统已知机制的相似性问题。

    句型:简单句

    接着第二个问题继续并列,讨论研究结果的意义:形态发生和发育。

    morphogenesis[,mɔrfə'dʒɛnəsɪs] the development of form and structure in an organism during its growth from embryo(胚胎)to adult,形态发生。下文讨论研究结果可以用于解释持续增加的色谱阵列,解答很多关于生物体构造相关的问题。

    thus 副词,引导结果,文章中与lead to搭配。

    similarity with 相似性,前几期讲到了这个词,还记得有几个同义替换词吗?

    ◆ones表示替代省略,之前讲过ones的省略情况,还记得如何使用吗?

    ⑥ Fourth, our results indicate that very complex behaviours can be described quantitatively at cellular resolution and in species that may reveal much about shared constraints on brain evolution.

    第四,我们的研究结果表明,非常复杂的行为可以清晰地从细胞层面得到量化解释,对那些可能在大脑进化方面面临共同限制因素的物种而言,此类行为也可以得到如此清晰的解释。

    句型:简单句+多个定语从句

    掉尾句,核心意思:indicate that very complex behaviours can be described quantitatively…。at cellular resolution /in species that并列结构,属于较为复杂的处理,大家在精修manuscript时可以尝试。

    quantitativeadj. connected with the amount or number of sth rather than with how good it is数量的;量化的;定量性的。与之对应的是qualitative质量的;定性的;性质的。写论文时会涉及这两种概念

    ◆ 同义替换:constraints/restrictions/limitations;限制,限定,约束

    ⑦This system is therefore particularly well-suited for studying the relationship between neural and behavioural dynamics,a central and general problem in neuroscience.

    因此,该系统非常适用于研究神经科学的一大核心和普遍问题——神经和行为动力学之间的关系。

    句型:简单句+后置修饰

    ◆ a central and general problem in neuroscience后置成分修饰the relationship。关于后置成分,包括ing/ed/名词,有朋友在写作的时候,希望用它来多样化自己的表达,但是容易造成修饰对象不明,从而影响整个句子的逻辑。这里记住一点啦:用逗号隔开的后置成分的主语,可以是逗号前紧挨着的完整名词。

    比如这里a central and general problem in neuroscience修饰的,就不是behavioural dynamics,而是整个名词the relationship between neural and behavioural dynamics。把这里的后置成分还原,可以理解为:the relationship between neural and behavioural dynamics is a central and general problem in neuroscience。

    写作时,如果拿不准自己后置成分是不是处理正确,可以尝试将逗号前的名词带入到后置成分中作主语,看能不能组成一个逻辑合理的句子。

    be well-suited for doing 对于... 很适用

    neuroscience n. 神经科学

    dynamics: the branch of mechanics(力学) concerned with the forces that change or produce the motions(运动) of bodies 动力学

    总之,这里的Discussion采用总分总结构,开篇提出主要的message,让读者知晓接下来将要讨论的主要内容,最后再次升华总结。整体逻辑清晰,重点突出,句子表达灵活。可以为朋友们写作discussion提供一定的思路和表达参考。

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Discussion不知道怎么写?顶级期刊Nature给你思路

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/hovxbqtx.html